Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system.The main pathological feature is the reduction of dopaminergic neurons,which induces motion symptoms such as resting tremor,muscle rigidity,bradykinesia,and postural disorder.The etiology and pathogenesis of PD are complex and related to a variety of factors.The current pathogenesis is related to mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,neuroinflammatory response,apoptosis,and autophagy.The early onset of PD is occult and the rate of misdiagnosis is high.It requires a new simple,safe,and effective early diagnosis method.The current methods of early diagnosis mainly include clinical non-motor symptoms,biomarkers,and imaging examination methods.

Objective To establish and evaluate the application of modified capillary immunotyping for cryoglobulin qualification .Methods Referred to literature and benchwork experience , a modified capillary immunotyping technique was set up for cryoglobulin identification . Seventy-eight cryoglobulin positive specimens were collected by a standard method in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2016 to July 2017.Thirty-nine samples were identified the type of the cryoglobulin simultaneously by modified capillary immunotyping ( CI ) and immunofixation electrophoresis ( IFE ) .Results Using the modified capillary immunotyping method , the types of cryoglobulin in seventy-eight specimens were identified.The number of cases decreased in the order of Ⅲ, Ⅱ and Ⅰ type of cryoglobulin .The clinical characteristics coincidence with previous reports .The modified CI method had a dramatic advantage in the speed, clarity, and accuracy of results compared with IFE .The ratio of reportable cases between these two methods was 1:0.87.Conclusion The modified capillary immunotyping was an accurate and easy method for cryoglobulin qualification , and feasible for clinical application .

Sibiraea angustata belongs to the Rosaceae family and it is widely disturbed in Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu,Yunnan and Tibet.It is one of the commonly used Tibetan medicines.Sibiraea angustata is rich in triterpenes,organic acids,organic esters,alkanes,and etc.And studies showed that Sibiraea angustata has various medicinal effects,such as regulating the metabolism of glucose and lipid,reducing body weight,anti-oxidation,modulating the immune system,liver-protection,anti-tumor,anti-aging,antibacterial activities,and promoting digestion.

Objective By detecting vascular cysteine-rich 61(Cyr61) related factor,connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD105 markers of microvascular density (MVD) of muscle tissue in patients with PM/DM,the role and significance of the expression of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF and CD105 in the process of vascular lesions of dermatomyosits (DM) and polymyosits (PM) were discussed.Methods The expression of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF and CD105 markers of micro vascular density (MVD) were detected in 10 cases of DM,10 cases of PM and 20 controls by using immunohistochemical Envision two step method.Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) statistical software.Fisher's exact probability analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were conducted.Results Compared with the control group,Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF positive expression rate in muscle tissue of patients with DM and PM group were significantly different (P＜0.01),the positive expression rates of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF in DM group and PM group were 90％,70％,90％,80％,80％,70％,and the control group (5％,10％,5％) respectively.In the muscle tissue of patients with DM and PM group,CD105 markers of capillaries could be seen,and MVD in DM and PM group were higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (F=8.103,P=0.001).Cyr61,CTGF and VEGF protein expression levels in muscle tissueof patients with DM and PM were positively correlated with MVD.Conclusion The muscle tissue of PM/DMpatients may have new blood vessels formation.Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF may be involved in the formation of newblood vessels in the PM/DM muscle tissue.The results of this study suggest that microvascular lesion plays animportant role in the immune pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy such as PM/DM.

Diabetes is the general chronic metabolic disease,with chronic hyperglycemia as the main clinical characteristic.Proteomics discusses and explores the pathogenesis of diabetes more deeply from the overall level of proteins,which has been frequently applied in Chinese medicine research.This paper summarized proteomics application in the study of Chinese medicine intervening diabetes mellitus,including screening and verification of proteomics in Chinese medicine syndromes of diabetes and its complications,as well as proteomics analysis of pharmacological mechanism of related Chinese medicine.This paper also prospected its outlook,in hope toprovide new clues and basis for the pathogenesis theory of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and functioning targets,and to deepen research on Chinese medicine intervening diabetes.

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction,a glucose metabolic disorder,is caused by metabolic,neurochemistrical,morphological,electrical physiological and behavioral changes featuring the disability of reasoning and learning,memory loss,inattention and hypophrenia.In recent years,more attention has been attached to the field of medicine.In this review,a progress of cognitive disorder was systematically explored over the pathogenesis and treatment of both TCM and western medicine,and investigated multi-targets and multiple methods of Chinese herbal researches at multiple stages for expanding the range of clinical application of TCM,enriching and developing the theory of TCM compatibility,and promoting the advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To realize the contamination status of dental unit waterlines (DUWL)in general hospitals, and provide scientific evidence for making preventive measures.Methods Three hospitals were selected for study, water source adopted by hospital A,B and C was running water,reservoir water,and filtered water through reverse osmosis filtration system respectively,specimens of dental handpiece spray water and flushing water of dental chair units were collected quarterly,total bacterial colony in water were detected.Results The qualified rate of source wa-ter,handpiece spray water,and flushing water in hospital A was 75.00%(3/4),0 (0/40)and 0 (0/40)respectively,col-ony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (1.20×103 -5.53×104 )CFU/mL(M=3.80×104 CFU/mL) and (2.11×104 -1.66×105 )CFU/mL(M=4.80×104 CFU/mL)respectively.The qualified rate of source water,hand-piece spray water,and flushing water in hospital B was 50.00%(2/4),60.00%(24/40)and 72.50%(29/40)respectively, colony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (0.00 -3.71 ×106 )CFU/mL(M=83.00 CFU/mL)and (0.00-2.39×106 )CFU/mL(M=72.00 CFU/mL)respectively.The qualified rate of source water,handpiece spray wa-ter,and flushing water in hospital C was 100.00%(4/4),55.00%(22/40)and 65.00%(26/40)respectively,colony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (0.00-6.20×103 )CFU/mL(M=96.00 CFU/mL)and(0.00-1.63×103 )CFU/mL(M=87.50 CFU/mL)respectively.Conclusion Water of DUWL in general hospitals is seriously con-taminated,disinfection and standardized management of source water and DUWL must be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical characteristics and short-term survival of patients with splenomegaly and acute-on-chronic liver failure related to chronic HBV infection.

METHODSElectronic medical records of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure were collected to analyze the clinical parameters and 4-week survival of patients with or without splenomegaly.

RESULTSOf the 149 patients enrolled, the overall 28-day mortality rate was 48.3%, which was lower in patients with enlarged spleen than those without (34.2% vs 54.1%, P=0.034). Compared with patients without splenomegaly, patients with splenomegaly had lower platelet counts (P=0.001), lower ALT levels (P=0.005) and lower PT-INR (P=0.010). Although the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was comparable between patients with or without splenomegaly, severe conditions were more frequent in those without splenomegaly. Hepatic encephalopathy grades, serum creatinine levels, neutrophil percentages over 70%, PT-INR and splenomegaly were independent factors associated with the 28-day survival, and this novel model was superior to model of end-stage of liver disease in predicting the 4-week survival (P=0.017).

CONCLUSIONPatients with splenomegaly that evolves into acute-on-chronic liver failure have unique clinical characteristics and further clinical observations are warranted.

Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Splenomegaly ; mortality ; physiopathology

Objective To invesgate the influence of aceclofenac to cartilage cell proliferation and substrate metabolism in osteoarthritis.Methods Select 65 cases of patients with osteoarthritis who were treated in Department of Rheumatism and Hematology of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from September 2011 to September 2013.Patients were divided into observation group(n=35)and control group(n=30).The observation group were treated with aceclofenac,while control group were treated with ibuprofen,Compare the efficacy of patients in two group.Compare human articular cartilage cells of 5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)positive rate,the content of glycogen protein(PG)and collagen type Ⅱ in two groups. Results The effective rate of observation group and control group was 74.29%and 73.33% respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups. Compared with control group,the joints pain,joints tenderness,15 meters walking time,daily activity ability(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of observation group(1 1.43%)was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05 ).The difference of BrdU positive rate in two groups had no statistical significance. Ⅱ type collagen content of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05 ).PG of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of aceclofenac is good and the incidence of adverse reactions is low in treatment of osteoarthritis.Aceclofenac can alleviate clinical symptoms of patients by increasing collagen type Ⅱ and decreasing PG.

Objective To investigate whether ultrasonic coupling agent (UCA)can produce shielding or antago-nistic effect on iodine disinfectant for preoperative skin disinfection.Methods Shielding or antagonistic effect of UCA on iodine disinfectant were detected by laboratory carrier immersion killing test and on-the-spot skin disinfec-tion test.Results Antagonistic effect:after the mixing of iodophor with UCA,the average killing rate of iodophor containing available iodine 2 500mg/L and 625 mg/L to Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 100.00% to 99.67%-99.78% and 96.85 % - 98.25 %,respectively;the average killing rate to Escherichia coli decreased from 100.00% to 99.71 %-99.82% and 95 .93 %-98.56%,respectively.Shielding effect:after smearing with UCA, the average killing rate of iodophor and iodine tincture + alcohol to Escherichia coli decreased from 100.00% to 30.76% and 100.00% to 94.48%,respectively;the average killing rate to Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 99.99% to 55 .55 % and 100.00% to 98.22%,respectively.On-the-spot skin disinfection test:the killing rate of io-dophor and iodine tincture +alcohol to natural bacteria on skin surface were both 99.99%,after skin was smeared with UCA,the killing rate decreased to 92.62% and 93 .57%,respectively.Conclusion UCA remained on the oper-ative field has shielding and antagonistic effect on iodine disinfectant.