Objective To explore the impact of peak and duration of intrapartum fever on umbilical arterial blood gas analysis.Methods From January 2022 to December 2024,a total of 82 full-term singleton pregnant women after vaginal delivery in Hangzhou Women's Hospital with a system fever ≥38.0℃ were included as fever group.164 pregnant women with a body temperature＜38.0℃ during the same period were included as control group in a 1∶2 ratio.The umbilical arterial blood gas analysis was performed in all of them.General data,situation during childbirth and umbilical arterial blood gas analysis were compared between fever group and control group.The fever group was further divided into 3 subgroups,including 52 cases in subgroup A with temperature 38.0℃ to＜38.5℃,21 cases in subgroup B with temperature from 38.5℃ to＜39.0℃,9 cases in subgroup C with temperature ≥39.0℃.General data,situation during childbirth and umbilical arterial blood gas analysis of 3 subgroups were compared.Results There were no statistical significance in general data and situation during childbirth between fever group and control group(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,lower pH and base excess levels in umbilical artery blood as well as higher lactate levels in fever group with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There were no statistical significance in general data and situation during childbirth among subgroups(P＞0.05).pH,base excess and lactate levels in umbilical artery blood had no statistically significant differences among subgroups(P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the fever duration was associated with umbilical artery acidosis(P=0.048,OR=1.005,95％CI:1.000-1.009).Conclusion Intrapartum fever leads to a decrease in pH and base excess in umbilical artery blood,as well as an increase in lactate levels.The peak of intrapartum fever leads no statistically significant differences in umbilical arterial blood gas analysis.For women with fever ≥38.0℃,controlling fever time may be helpful to reduce the incidence of acidosis and neonatal morbidity.

Objective To explore the impact of peak and duration of intrapartum fever on umbilical arterial blood gas analysis.Methods From January 2022 to December 2024,a total of 82 full-term singleton pregnant women after vaginal delivery in Hangzhou Women's Hospital with a system fever ≥38.0℃ were included as fever group.164 pregnant women with a body temperature＜38.0℃ during the same period were included as control group in a 1∶2 ratio.The umbilical arterial blood gas analysis was performed in all of them.General data,situation during childbirth and umbilical arterial blood gas analysis were compared between fever group and control group.The fever group was further divided into 3 subgroups,including 52 cases in subgroup A with temperature 38.0℃ to＜38.5℃,21 cases in subgroup B with temperature from 38.5℃ to＜39.0℃,9 cases in subgroup C with temperature ≥39.0℃.General data,situation during childbirth and umbilical arterial blood gas analysis of 3 subgroups were compared.Results There were no statistical significance in general data and situation during childbirth between fever group and control group(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,lower pH and base excess levels in umbilical artery blood as well as higher lactate levels in fever group with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There were no statistical significance in general data and situation during childbirth among subgroups(P＞0.05).pH,base excess and lactate levels in umbilical artery blood had no statistically significant differences among subgroups(P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the fever duration was associated with umbilical artery acidosis(P=0.048,OR=1.005,95％CI:1.000-1.009).Conclusion Intrapartum fever leads to a decrease in pH and base excess in umbilical artery blood,as well as an increase in lactate levels.The peak of intrapartum fever leads no statistically significant differences in umbilical arterial blood gas analysis.For women with fever ≥38.0℃,controlling fever time may be helpful to reduce the incidence of acidosis and neonatal morbidity.

For a long time, macrolides have been the first choice for the antibacterial treatment for pertussis.However, in the past decade, resistance to macrolide antimicrobials has been common in clinically isolated Bordetella pertussis in China, which is in contradiction with the recommended macrolide treatment.Therefore, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is suggested as the first choice for antibacterial treatment for pertussis in China, with a dosage determined according to age and body weight, lasting 14 days.If TMP-SMZ cannot be used, full-dose and full-course β-lactam antimicrobials may be used, of which the effects should be assessed carefully.The impact of other antibacterial drugs, such as quinolones and tetracyclines, on the elimination of Bordetella pertussis should also be evaluated as soon as possible to treat adult pertussis and potential cases caused by drug-resistant bacteria in future.

Objective:To determine the erythromycin resistance of Bordetella pertussis isolates and their ptxP1 and ptxP3 phenotypic composition and compare clinical manifestations of children with pertussis caused by the two types of strains. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study, the pertussis cases diagnosed using bacterial culture from January 2019 to December 2022 in Beijing Children′s Hospital and the First People′s Hospital of Wuhu were collected.Any suspected Bordetella pertussis colonies were identified by the slide agglutination test.The susceptibility of isolates to erythromycin was detected by the E-test and K-B test.The ptxP gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced to determine its genotype. t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were use to statistical analysis. Results:A total of 192 strains of Bordetella pertussis were identified, including 188 (97.9%) erythromycin-resistant strains.Among the 188 strains, 30.3%(57/188) belonged to the ptxP1 genotype and 69.7%(131/188) belonged to the ptxP3 genotype.In children aged below 1 year old, the incidence of paroxysmal cough caused by infection with the ptxP3 strain was higher than that with the ptxP1 strain (57.1% vs.29.4%, P<0.05), and children infected with the ptxP3 strain were more likely to develop apnea or asphyxia (23.8% vs.17.6%), post-tussive vomiting (44.4% vs.32.4%), whooping cough (72.0% vs.50.0%) and pneumonia or bronchitis (85.7% vs.73.5%) compared to those infected with the ptxP1 strain, but the differences were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). In children aged 1 year old and above, the white blood cell count of children infected with the ptxP1 strain was higher than that of infections with the ptxP3 strain [13.5(9.9, 24.5)×10 9/L, 10.3 (7.0, 16.4)×10 9/L, P<0.05], and children infected with the ptxP1 strain were more likely to contract other pathogen infections than those infected with the ptxP3 strain (17.4% vs.4.4%, P>0.05). Conclusions:ptxP3 erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis has become the main pathogen of pertussis.Infants with pertussis caused by the ptxP3 erythromycin-resistant strain show more significant manifestations and a higher possibility of severe symptoms than those infected with the ptxP1 erythromycin-resistant strain.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have examined the bulk transcriptome of peripheral blood immune cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients experiencing immunological non-responsiveness. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of specific immune cell subtypes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients who exhibit immunological non-responsiveness. METHODS: A single-cell transcriptome sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from both immunological responders (IRs) (CD4 + T-cell count >500) and immunological non-responders (INRs) (CD4 + T-cell count <300) was conducted. The transcriptomic profiles were used to identify distinct cell subpopulations, marker genes, and differentially expressed genes aiming to uncover potential genetic factors associated with immunological non-responsiveness. RESULTS: Among the cellular subpopulations analyzed, the ratios of monocytes, CD16 + monocytes, and exhausted B cells demonstrated the most substantial differences between INRs and IRs, with fold changes of 39.79, 11.08, and 2.71, respectively. In contrast, the CD4 + T cell ratio was significantly decreased (0.39-fold change) in INRs compared with that in IRs. Similarly, the ratios of natural killer cells and terminal effector CD8 + T cells were also lower (0.37-fold and 0.27-fold, respectively) in the INRs group. In addition to several well-characterized immune cell-specific markers, we identified a set of 181 marker genes that were enriched in biological pathways associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Notably, ISG15 , IFITM3 , PLSCR1 , HLA-DQB1 , CCL3L1 , and DDX5 , which have been demonstrated to influence HIV replication through their interaction with viral proteins, emerged as significant monocyte marker genes. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes in natural killer cells were also enriched in biological pathways associated with HIV replication. CONCLUSIONS We generated an atlas of immune cell transcriptomes in HIV-infected IRs and INRs. Host genes associated with HIV replication were identified as markers of, and were found to be differentially expressed in, different types of immune cells.
Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; HIV ; HIV Infections/genetics* ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism* ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Virus Replication ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism*

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder.Its typical symptoms include social disorder, stereotyped behavior and restrictive interest.In addition, sensory abnormality is also a common symptom of ASD individuals.Pre-attentive processing is an automatic cognitive process that takes place before attention and is independent of consciousness, which reflects the ability to automatically detect changes in the environment of brain.Many researches show that the sensory abnormality and social ability disorder in ASD patients may be related to the defects in the pre-attentive processing stage.Mismatch negativity (MMN) is the most commonly used indicator of pre-attentive processing.ASD individuals show abnormal MMN in response to both social and non-social stimulus.Among them, the pre-attentive processing defect of non-social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by single tones, voice or visual stimuli, which is different from that of normal people.The pre-attentive processing defect of social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by emotional voice and emotional face, which is different from that of normal people.This result not only helps to find the physiological mechanism of sensory and social disorders in ASD individuals, but also provides theoretical support for MMN as an auxiliary diagnostic index of ASD.Future research on the pre-attentive processing of ASD individuals should pay more attention to enriching the research paradigms of MMN and adopting more kinds of social stimuli.At the same time, the influence of ASD genetic factors on MMN can also be one of the concerns of future research.

OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-tumor effect of artemether （ARM）self-microemulsifying drug delivery system （SMEDDS） on human glioma subcutaneously transplanted model mice. METHODS ：Human glioma cell line SHG 44 was inoculated and passed on to establish subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of nude mice. At the 5th，10th，15th，20th and 25th day after inoculation ，the tumor tissue volume was measured and the growth curve was drawn to confirm the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation. Thirty nude mice was collected to establish subeutaneously transplanted tumor nude model ，and then divided into control group （normal saline ），ARM suspension group [ 60 mg/（kg·d）]，ARM-SMEDDS low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups [ 10，20，30 mg/（kg·d）] at the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation. They were given normal saline and relevant solution intragastrically once a day ，for consecutive 30 d. The weight change and general sibuation of mice were recorded. The change of tumor volume was determined and relative tumor proliferation rate was calculated. RESULTS ：The subcutaneously transplanted tumor tissue entered the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation from the 10th day after transplantation. The general situation was normal ，and there was no obvious abnormal reaction in mice of each group during treatment. Since 10th day of administration，tumor tissue volume of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were shortened significantly than control group （P＜0.05）. At 15th day of administration ，tumor volume of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were shortened significantly than ARM suspension group（P＜0.05）. After last administration ，relative tumor proliferation rates of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were decreased significantly，compared with ARM suspension group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：ARM-SMEDDS show significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human glioma ，and are better than suspension with higher dosage.