Objective: To analyze the epidemilogical and seasonal characteristics of foodborne Salmonella-associated diarrhea among children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods: Data were extracted from the Foodborne Disease Survellance System for cases reported between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2023. The incidence, seasonal characteristics, and peak periods were analyzed by the method of concentration and circular distribution. Results: A total of 6 434 cases of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 years were collected, and 455 cases of Salmonella were detected, with a positive detection rate of 7.07%. Salmonella typhimurium was the main serotype causing diarrhea (59.34%). The peak of the disease was from May 3 to September 30, with certain seasonal characteristics. The highest detection rate was found in children aged 1-3 years (8.66%). Among food types, the positive detection rates of Salmonella were relatively high in other foods (17.39%), fruits and their products (10.22%), infant and toddler foods (10.09%), and aquatic animals and their products (9.80%). The processing and packaging methods of food were mainly home-made (9.38%) and bulk food (7.54%). Conclusions The detection rate of Salmonella in children aged 0-6 years is high in Guizhou Province, with strong seasonal characteristics. The detection rates of other foods, fruits and their products, infant and toddler foods, and aquatic animals and their products are high. Enhanced pathogen surveillance for susceptible populations and high-risk foods, coupled with public health education during summer/autumn, is recommended.

Enhancing the antimicrobial stewardship level is an important issue in curbing the development and spread of microbial resistance as well as maintaining the health of the people.This study reviews the current situa-tion of antimicrobial application both in China and abroad,sorts out the history of antimicrobial management,finds out the existing problems in the current work,and puts forward measures including attaching importance to patho-gen detection,improving the infection control strategy for antimicrobial-resistant organisms,establishing a multile-vel service mechanism,forming a multidisciplinary core team,and perfecting the management system,so as to pro-vide references for actively responding to the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on myocardial fibrosis(MF)and explore its action targets and mechanisms through a combination of animal pharmacodynamics,cell biology,and network pharmacology approaches.Methods Thirty-five male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the normal group,model group,CFM low-dose(0.72 g/kg)group,CFM high-dose(1.44 g/kg)group,and sacubitril valsartan sodium group(20 mg/kg)based on random number table,with 7 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the mice in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol(20 mg/kg)at multiple points once daily for 21 consecutive days to establish the MF model.The CFM groups were pre-administered by gavage 3 days before modeling,the sacubitril valsartan sodium group was administered starting from the day of modeling,and the normal group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water.The active ingredients in CFM were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).On days 7,14,and 21 of modeling,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),and left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs)of mice were detected by ultrasound.The degree of myocardial fibrosis in mice was assessed by Masson staining.The levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),type I collagen(COL I),and type Ⅲcollagen(COL Ⅲ)in the myocardial tissue of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The average fluorescence intensity of α-SMA in myocardial tissue was detected by immunofluorescence.In addition,by integrating Cellular Thermal Shift Assay(CETSA),QE proteomic analysis,and network pharmacology techniques,we systematically explored the potential core targets and mechanisms of action by which CFM improves MF,and validated these findings using western blotting analysis.Results Main eight chemical components were identified from CFM.Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited a decrease in LVEF and LVFS,an increase in LVIDd and LVIDs,a higher heart weight to tibia length ratio,and an increased collagen volume fraction(P<0.05),along with aggravated MF.Concurrently,the myocardial tissue showed elevated levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ(P<0.05),with enhanced α-SMA fluorescence signal intensity.In comparison to the model group,all groups of CFM and the sacubitril valsartan sodium group demonstrated an increase in LVEF and LVFS,and a decrease in LVIDd,LVIDs,and the heart weight to tibia length ratio(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the collagen volume fraction decreased,and the levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ in myocardial tissue were down-regulated(P<0.05).The degree of MF was reduced,and the fluorescence signal intensity of α-SMA expression was weakened.Furthermore,the combined analysis of CETSA,QE proteomics,and network pharmacology revealed that heat shock protein A family member 8(HSPA8)may be a potential core target for CFM in ameliorating MF.CETSA-western blotting analysis further confirmed that CFM could enhance the thermal stability of HSPA8 protein and down-regulate the relative expression level of HSPA8 protein in mouse myocardial tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion CFM can ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice,reduce collagen deposition,and reverse the pathological progression of MF.The underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of HSPA8.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy in the treatment for lumbar disc herniation(LDH)under the monitor of X-ray image,and to analyze the safety of its operation.Methods:A total of 60 LDH patients who admitted to Department of Pain,Jiangyin Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to September 2023 were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group as random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The observation group adopted targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy under monitor with X-ray for anterior epidural space,while the control group adopted conventionally epidural block,all of which were treated only once.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores of two groups before treatment and at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were compared.At the 30th day after treatment,the curative effects of two groups were evaluated according to ODI scores,at the same time,the safe distance between puncture and acupotomy in patients of observation group was analyzed.Results:The effective rates of the treatment of observation group and control group were respectively 96.67%and 70%,and the difference of that between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=7.680,P<0.05).The VAS scores of the two groups at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group(2.30±0.87),(1.53±0.86)and(1.47±0.81)were lower than the control group(4.43±0.89),(2.23±0.89)and(4.27±0.82),the difference was statistically significant(t=9.374,3.098,13.306,P<0.05).The ODI scores of the two groups were at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=7.112,10.690,10.151,P<0.05).In 30 patients of observation group,the gap between the dural sac and the inner edge of facet joint on the affected side was larger than 4.0mm in 25 cases,and all of them can safely conduct puncture with targeting.Conclusion:The targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy by adopting monitor with X-ray image can effectively improve the symptom of pain,and activities of daily life of LDH patients,which treatment is safe and effective.

Objective:To analyze the latent profile characteristics of self-management ability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and explore its influencing factors.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 311 patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (including those receiving treatment and undergoing physical examinations) between August and October 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the self-management Scale for Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and the Social Support Rating Scale. After excluding 51 patients due to incomplete questionnaire responses or logical inconsistencies, 260 patients were finally included in the analysis. Latent profile analysis was used to identify potential categories of patients′ self-management abilities. With the latent categories as the dependent variable and items with P<0.05 in univariate analysis as independent variables, a multivariate logistic regression analysis (with the "poor self-management group" as the reference group) was performed to explore the influencing factors. Results:Among the 260 participants included in the study, three potential categories of self-management behaviors were finally identified, namely the active self-management group with 106 cases (40.8%), the moderate self-management group with 118 cases (45.4%), and the passive self-management group with 36 cases (13.8%).Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the passive self-management group:Patients who resided in rural areas ( OR=0.130, 95% CI: 0.040-0.420), often stayed up late ( OR=0.200, 95% CI: 0.060-0.590), or had an average daily sleep duration of≤5 hours ( OR=0.160, 95% CI: 0.050-0.510) had a significantly lower probability of belonging to the "active self-management group";In contrast, patients with an education level of senior high school or above ( OR=7.530, 95% CI: 1.740-34.160) or a higher total score of social support ( OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.030-1.210) had a significantly higher probability of being in the "active self-management group" (all P<0.05). Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in self-management ability among patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Residential area, educational level, frequency of staying up late, average daily sleep duration, and social support are influencing factors of patients′ self-management ability.

Objective:To estimate the economic burden of 14 chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly people in China.Methods:This cross-sectional study was based on longitudinal data from five waves (2011 to 2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants aged 45 and over who had been diagnosed with exactly one target chronic disease were included in the study. The 14 chronic diseases included: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes or elevated blood glucose, malignant tumors, chronic pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, heart diseases, stroke, kidney diseases, digestive system diseases, emotional and mental diseases, memory-related diseases, arthritis or rheumatic diseases, and asthma. The economic burden of disease was measured in terms of both direct and indirect economic burden, with the results adjusted using a healthcare-specific Consumer Price Index (CPI). The direct economic burden included direct medical and non-medical burden. The human capital method was employed to calculate the indirect economic burden. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was conducted to compare the differences in the economic burden between urban and rural areas, with provinces and prefecture-level cities set as random effects and residence (urban or rural areas) as fixed effects to control for the effects of geographic hierarchical structure. Gender, age and educational attainment were also included as covariates to control for confounding factors. The model′s robustness was assessed by comparing the significance of urban-rural differences before and after adding the covariates.Results:The median annual economic burden of the 14 chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly population in China ranged from 7 565 to 17 174 CNY, of which the direct economic burden ranged from 6 909 to 16 565 CNY, and the indirect burden ranged from 284 to 1 276 CNY. The direct economic burden was primarily driven by direct medical burden (83.67% to 95.01% of direct economic burden). Out-of-pocket expenses for outpatient medical burden ranged from 50% to 100%, while those for inpatient ranged from 36.30% to 61.29%. GLMM analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the overall economic burden between urban and rural areas across diseases. However, the burden of inpatient medical burden for arthritis or rheumatism was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (5 338 vs. 3 898 CNY; LR=6.04, P=0.014). Similarly, the burden of self-treatment for hypertension was also higher in urban areas than in rural areas (324 vs. 238 CNY; LR=8.30, P=0.004). The outpatient non-medical burden for diabetes or elevated blood glucose (59 vs. 149 CNY; LR=5.99, P=0.014), stroke (0 vs. 307 CNY; LR=4.55, P=0.033), and digestive system diseases (45 vs. 107 CNY; LR=9.58, P=0.002) was lower in urban areas than rural. Conclusions:Chronic diseases cause heavy economic burden on middle-aged and elderly people in both urban and rural areas of China, with direct economic burden accounting for the majority of expenditure. The outpatient medical burden accounts for a higher proportion of out-of-pocket expenses than the inpatient.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the development of compact county medical communities, so as to provide evaluation tools for promoting the high-quality development of county medical communities in China.Methods:Based on the evaluation criteria and monitoring system related policy documents for the construction of county medical communities released at the national level, an evaluation index system for compact county medical community development was constructed through policy text analysis and expert discussions. The system was applied to evaluate the construction of medical communities in Shaxian County of Fujian Province, A County of Shanxi Province, and B County of Yunnan Province.Results:The evaluation index system included four primary indicators: responsibility community, management community, service community, and interest community, covering 11 secondary indicators and 32 tertiary indicators. The evaluation results showed that the construction level of the compact county medical community in Shaxian County (91.3 points) was slightly higher than that of A County and B County (83.1 and 83.9 points), and its advantages were mainly reflected in management community and interest community. There was still room for improvement in the construction of compact medical communities in all three regions.Conclusions:The evaluation system in this study combined scientific rigor and practical guidance value. It could provide guidance for promoting the construction of compact county medical communities in various regions of China, and provide a basis for relevant policy formulation and optimization.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of child injuries（CI）and provide a scientific basis for developing CI prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:Clinical data of CI cases admitted to Kunshan Woman and Children’s Healthcare Hospital from January 1st，2020 to December 31st，2022 were collected. The cases were classified into three age groups：infants and toddlers（0-3 years），preschoolers（4-6 years），and school-age children（7-14 years）. Post hoc testing was used for pairwise comparisons between groups，and differences were determined based on adjusted standardized residuals（AR）. The epidemiological characteristics that were analyzed included the type，location，and nature of injuries across these age groups.Results:A total of 12 449 CI cases were collected with a male-to-female ratio of 1.72∶1. School-age boys were more prone to injuries（72.2%， AR=16.3）compared to the other two age groups. The major CI types were falls（50.4%），blunt injuries（15.9%），and strains（9.9%）. The infant and toddler group showed higher rates of strains（21.9%， AR=34.9）and poisonings（7.9%， AR=19.6）compared to the other two groups，while preschoolers group had higher rates of falls（55.6%， AR=6.5）and motor vehicle accidents（4.8%， AR=3.6）compared to other age groups. The most frequently injured body regions were upper limbs（43.9%），head/face/neck（27.0%），and lower limbs（16.7%）. The infant and toddler group had higher rates of head/face/neck（34.8%， AR=15.4），upper limb（46%， AR=3.6），and whole body（8.9%， AR=18.7）injuries. The nature of CI mainly includes contusion/bruise/crush injury（34.3%），fractures（20.0%）and sharp/open wounds（19.5%）. School-age children exhibited higher rates of fractures（30.1%， AR=22.1），strains/sprains（10.1%， AR=13.0），contusion/bruise/crush injury（36.6%， AR=4.2），and multi-site injuries（0.7%， AR=4.4）compared to the other two groups. Injuries were mostly mild（90.8%），with infants and toddlers showing higher mild injury rates（95.0%， AR=12.7），whereas school-aged children had more moderate injuries（11.7%， AR=11.0）. Conclusion:The epidemiological characteristics of CI in infants and toddlers，preschoolers and school-age children are different，and different intervention strategies are needed for different age groups.

Objective To investigate the impact of smoking cessation on high-resolution compu-ted tomography(HRCT)phenotypes in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its relationship with the frequency of acute exacerbations.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 237 smokers with COPD who could cooperate with a 1-year follow-up.Among them,160 patients underwent a comprehensive 1-year smoking cessation intervention,and were divided into smoking cessation failure group(87 patients)and smoking cessation success group(73 patients)based on whether they successfully quited smoking.The remaining 77 smokers with COPD who did not receive smoking cessation intervention were designated as smoking group.HRCT phenotypes,total lung volume(TLV),total emphysema volume(TEV),emphysema index(EI)and the number of acute exacerbation at different time points were compared among the three groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between smoking cessation and the number of acute exac-erbations.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of A phenotype patients among the three groups before intervention and at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with A phenotype in the smoking group was lower than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before the intervention and at the 3rd,6th and 9th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with E phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).Before intervention and at the 3rd and 6th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with M phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with M phenotype in the smoking group was higher than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before intervention,there were no statisti-cally significant differences in TLV,TEV and EI among the three groups(P＞0.05).One year af-ter the intervention,TLV,TEV and El in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group were lower than those in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 3rd,6th,9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbations in the the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbation in the smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking cessation failure group(P＜0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that smoking cessation was negatively correlated with the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD(P＜0.05),and this negative correlation gradually in-creased with the extension of smoking cessation duration.Conclusion Smoking cessation can im-prove HRCT phenotypes and effectively reduce the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD.

The armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) gene is part of a family of protein-coding genes that are rich in armadillo repeat sequences, are ubiquitously present in eukaryotes, and mediate interactions between proteins, playing roles in various cellular processes. Current research has demonstrated that reduced expression or absence of the ARMC5 gene in various tumor tissues can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, thereby inducing a range of diseases. The ARMC5 gene was initially extensively studied in the context of bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease (BMAD), with harmful pathogenic variants in ARMC5 identified in approximately 50% of BMAD patients. With advancing research, scientists have discovered that ARMC5 pathogenic variants may also have potential effects on other diseases and could be associated with increased susceptibility to certain cancers. This review aims to present the latest research progress on how the ARMC5 gene plays its role in tumors. It outlines the basic structure of ARMC5 and the regions where it functions, as well as the diseases currently proven to be associated with ARMC5. Moreover, some evidence suggests its relation to embryonic development and the regulation of immune system activity. In conclusion, the ARMC5 gene is a crucial focal point in genetic and medical research. Understanding its function and regulation is of great importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies related to diseases associated with its pathogenic variants.
Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics* ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics*