Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence of metronidazole tablet and reference formulation in Chinese healthy subjects.Methods A single-dose,two-cycle,randomized,open,self-crossover trial was designed with 48 healthy subjects randomly assigned to fasting or postprandial group.For each group,a single oral dose of metronidazole tablet(200 mg)or a reference preparation(200 mg)per cycle were enrolled.The concentration of metronidazole in plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The non-compartmental model was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence analysis via SAS 9.3 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets in the fasting group were as follows,the Cmax were(4 855.00±1 383.97)and(4 799.13±1 195.32)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(54 834.68±12 697.88)and(55 931.35±11 935.28)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(56 778.09±13 937.76)and(57 922.83±13 260.54)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were respectively 1.17 and 1.00 h;t1/2 were(8.99±1.76)and(9.11±1.73)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and its 90％confidence intervals(CI)of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.As for postprandial conditions,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets were as follows,the Cmax were(4 057.08±655.08)and(4 044.17±773.98)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(55 956.42±12 228.12)and(55 121.04±11 784.55)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(58 212.83±13 820.00)and(57 350.38±13 229.46)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were 2.50 and 2.25 h;the t1/2 were(9.37±1.68)and(9.37±1.79)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and 90％CI of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The two preparations were bioequivalent to Chinese healthy adult volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions.

Aim To explore whether isopropyl3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) -2-hydroxypropanoate (IDHP) could inhibit fat accumulation in liver cells by improving mitochondrial function, and alleviate the symptom of excessive fat accumulation in patients with NAFLD. Methods Cell steatosis model was established by inducing hepatocyte fat accumulation using palmitic acid and oleic acid (PA: OA molar ratio =1

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of His-Purkinje system pacing (HPSP) in patients with various sites of atrioventricular block (AVB) and provide clinical evidence for the selection of HPSP in patients with AVB. Methods: This is a retrospective case analysis. 637 patients with AVB who underwent permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation and requiring high proportion of ventricular pacing from March 2016 to September 2021 in the Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were enrolled. The site of AVB was determined by electrophysiological examination. His bundle pacing (HBP) was performed in the first 130 patients (20.4%) who were classified as the HBP group and HPSP included HBP and/or left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) was performed in later 507 patients (79.6%) and these patients were classified as the HPSP group. The basic clinical information such as age and sex of the two groups was compared, and the success rates of HBP or HPSP in patients with different sites of AVB and QRS intervals were analyzed. Results: The age of HBP group was (66.4±15.9) years with 75 males (57.7%). The age of HPSP group was (66.8±13.6) years with 288 (56.8%) males. Among 637 patients, 63.0% (401/637) had atrioventricular node block; 22.9% (146/637) had intra-His block; 14.1% (90/637) had distal or inferior His bundle block. Totally, the success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP [93.9% (476/507) vs. 86.9% (113/130), P<0.05]. In each group of patients with various AVB sites, the success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP respectively and both success rates of HBP and HPSP showed a declining trend with the distant AVB site. The success rate of HBP in patients with atrioventricular node block and intra-His block was higher than that in patients with distal or inferior His bundle block [95.2% (79/83) vs. 47.1% (8/17), P<0.001; 86.7% (26/30) vs. 47.1% (8/17), P=0.010]. The success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP in patients with distal or inferior His bundle block [87.7% (64/73) vs 47.1% (8/17), P=0.001]. In patients with QRS<120 ms, 94.9% (520/548) of AVB sites were in atrioventricular node or intra-His, and HBP had a similar high success rate with HPSP [95.6% (109/114) vs. 96.3% (418/434), P=0.943] in these patients. In patients with QRS ≥ 120 ms, 69.7% (62/89) of AVB sites were at distal or inferior His bundle, and the success rate of HBP was only 25.0% (4/16), while the success rate of HPSP was as high as 79.5% (58/73), P<0.001. Conclusions: In patients with QRS<120 ms and atrioventricular node block or intra-His block, success rates of HBP and HPSP are similarly high and HBP might be considered as the first choice. In patients with QRS ≥ 120 ms and AVB site at distal or inferior His bundle, the success rate of HPSP is higher than that of HBP, suggesting LBBP should be considered as the first-line treatment option.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrioventricular Block/therapy* ; Bundle of His/physiology* ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS） is a highly heterogeneous disease with various epidemiological and immunopathological characteristics among patients of distinct races and regions. Despite adequate and proper medical and endoscopic surgical treatment， a significant proportion of patients with CRS still experience postoperative recurrence. Difficult-to-treat severe CRS represents a number of management challenges to the practicing clinician. The advent of type 2 biologics provides a new option for the treatment of refractory and relapsed CRS. Currently， biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have been shown to be effective in improving clinical outcomes， and become a promising therapy of refractory nasal polyps in patients from western countries. However， the therapeutic effect of biologics targeting type 2 inflammation still needs to be further verified in Asian CRS patients since patients with CRS in Asia present more type 1 and type 3 inflammatory endotype as well as mixed type 2 inflammation. In addition， the development of new biologics targeting the specific endotype of Asian CRS patients will be an important research orientation in the future. In this review， we discuss the historical perspective of type 2 biologics， the inflammatory endotype characteristics of CRS in Asian， current treatment status and potential therapeutic prospects.

Objective: The relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure (BP) has been inconclusive. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study in northwestern China to investigate the effect of outdoor temperature on BP and effect modification by season. Methods: A total of 32,710 individuals who participated in both the baseline survey and the first follow-up in 2011-2015 were included in the study. A linear mixed-effect model and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were applied to estimate the association between outdoor temperature and BP after adjusting for confounding variables. Results: The mean differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between summer and winter were 3.5 mmHg and 2.75 mmHg, respectively. After adjusting for individual characteristics, meteorological factors and air pollutants, a significant increase in SBP and DBP was observed for lag 06 day and lag 04 day, a 0.28 mmHg (95% Conclusions This study demonstrated a significant negative association between outdoor temperature and BP in a high-altitude environment of northwest China. Moreover, BP showed a significant seasonal variation. The association between BP and temperature differed by season and individuals' demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI), unhealthy behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and chronic disease status (CVDs, hypertension, and diabetes).
Adult ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Temperature

China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology* ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies

Objective To investigate the expression of long non－coding ＲNA SFTA1P in non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and its biological function in NSCLC cell lines． Methods Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction( qＲT－PCＲ) was used to detect the expression of SFTA1P in 18 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues． The expression of SFTA1P was detected by qＲT－PCＲ in five different NSCLC cell lines ( A549，SPCA1，H460，H1975 and H1299) and one normal lung epithelial cell line ( HBE) ． The overexpression vector of SFTA1P was designed and constructed． The overex- pressed cell line was constructed by transfection，the effects of overexpression of SFTA1P on proliferation， invasion and migration of NSCLC cells were detected by CCK－8 assay and transwell assay． Ｒesults The expression of SFTA1P in NSCLC tissues was lower than that of adjacent normal tissues ( t = 2. 158，P = 0. 043) ． SFTA1P expression was detected in 5 strains of NSCLC cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell line． The expression of SFTA1P was the lowest in A549 and H460 cell lines ( t = 5. 769，P = 0. 004; t = 5. 772，P= 0. 004) ，and the highest in H1299 and H1975 cell lines ( t = 22. 248，P＜0. 001; t = 11. 814，P ＜0. 001) ． SFTA1P overexpression cell models were successfully constructed using A549 and H460 cell lines( all P＜0．05) ． The overexpression of SFTA1P could inhibit proliferation，invasion and migration of H460 and A549 cells ( ( all P ＜ 0． 05) ． Conclusions SFTA1P can affect the biological functions of NSCLC cells by inhibiting the proliferation，migration and invasion． SFTA1P may play a role as a tumor suppressor gene in tumorigenesis and development．

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the application of residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model in the prediction of infant mortality rate in some countries along the “Belt and Road” (China-Indo-China Peninsula Economic Corridor). Methods The time series data of infant mortality rate in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and China for 1978-2013 were used as training set to fit residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The 2014-2016 data was used as the validation set to compare the performance of model prediction. Results The akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the residual autoregressive model was superior to Holt's two-parameter exponential model. Both prediction models showed high accuracy, and most evaluation indicators (absolute error and relative error) of residual autoregressive prediction model were smaller than Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The residual autoregressive models of Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia were better than the Holt’s two-parameter exponential model for the infant mortality rate(IMR) prediction in different years. Conclusions The residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model performed well in infant mortality rate prediction in some countries along the China-Indo-china Peninsula Economic Corridor. The residual autoregressive model has better fitting effect. The residual autoregressive model for infant mortality prediction is superior to the Holt two-parameter exponential model in most countries in most years.