Objective : To investigate the status of electronic cigarette use and its influencing factors among residents aged ≥15 years in Chengdu City in 2021 and 2024, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing electronic cigarette control strategies. Methods: Two rounds of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2021 and 2024. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥15 years in Chengdu City as survey subjects. The Chinese Adult Tobacco Survey Questionnaire was used to collect information on gender, age, and electronic cigarette use. Complex sampling weighting was used to calculate the rate of electronic cigarette use and the proportion of reasons for electronic cigarette use. A complex sampling multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for electronic cigarette use. Results: A total of 7 950 and 6 920 people were surveyed in 2021 and 2024, respectively, including 3 868 and 3 653 males (48.65% and 52.79%), and 4 082 and 3 267 females (51.35% and 47.21%), respectively. The rate of electronic cigarette use in 2024 was lower than in 2021 (2.29% vs. 3.15%, P<0.05). In 2024, the rates of electronic cigarette use were lower in males, rural areas, people aged 15-<45 years, educational level of bachelor' s degree or above, occupation in government/public institutions or occupation in enterprises/commercial/service industries, and current smokers compared with 2021, while the rate of electronic cigarette use was higher in residents aged ≥65 years compared with 2021 (all P<0.05). In 2021 and 2024, the main reasons for electronic cigarette use were smoking cessation and the belief that electronic cigarettes are less harmful. Smoking cessation accounted for 27.78% and 23.28%, and the belief that electronic cigarettes are less harmful accounted for 24.26% and 22.10%, respectively. Complex sampling multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (15-<25 years, OR=15.682, 95%CI: 5.660-43.450; 25-<45 years, OR=7.463, 95%CI: 2.987-18.647; 45-<65 years, OR=3.425, 95%CI: 1.562-7.510), educational level (bachelor' s degree or above, OR=2.916, 95%CI: 1.444-5.891), and smoking (current, OR=23.992, 95%CI: 8.182-70.353; former, OR=20.393, 95%CI: 6.150-67.624) were influencing factors for electronic cigarette use in 2021. Gender (male, OR=2.279, 95%CI: 1.074-4.832), age (25-<45 years, OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.148-3.892), educational level (high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=2.792, 95%CI: 1.414-5.514; bachelor' s degree or above, OR=3.321, 95%CI: 1.567-7.039), occupation (unemployed, retired, and retired, OR=0.449, 95%CI: 0.226-0.892), and smoking (current, OR=10.547, 95%CI: 5.563-19.994; former, OR=8.998, 95%CI: 3.833-21.125) were influencing factors for electronic cigarette use in 2024. Conclusions Compared with 2021, the rate of electronic cigarette use among residents in Chengdu City decreased in 2024. Young people, males, bachelor' s degree or above, and current smokers are the key populations for electronic cigarette control. The cognitive bias held by residents that electronic cigarette can aid in smoking cessation and pose minimal harm needs to be corrected.

【Objective】 To explore the incidence rate and characteristics of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Xi’an so as to provide a basis for pulmonary TB and HCV prevention and control measures. 【Methods】 We carried out behavior investigation and serological detection of 219 heroin addicts with pulmonary TB infection in Xi’an Eighth Hospital. We analyzed HCV infection risk factors by Chi-square test and multi-factor Logistic regression method. 【Results】 The prevalence of HCV infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB was 71.2% and 92.9% in injected drug users (IDUs). The HCV infection rate was higher than the infection rate of HBV (10.9%) and HIV (5.9%) in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB. The major infection risk factors were intravenous injection (OR=18.632, 95% CI: 8.146-41.284) and longer duration of drug use (OR=1.428, 95% CI: 1.086-1.876). 【Conclusion】 The study found high HCV infection rate in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB and that the independent risk factors are the drug injection and duration of drug use. In order to prevent further spread of HCV in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB, we should establish and perfect the management system of HCV infection.

Objective To investigate the copy number changes of A20 and TNF genes,and determine the contribution of the two genes in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.Methods Forty-one cases of archive paraffin-embedded ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma tissues were detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the commercial chromosome 6 centromere probe (CEP6),and house-made site-specific probe of A20 and TNF. Results Of the 41 ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma cases,loss of heterozygosity (LOH)in A20 locus was detected in 2 cases (4.88 ％).TNF extra copies were found in 5 cases (12.20 ％),of which three cases simultaneously had extra CEP6 signals.No A20 deletion were found coexistence with TNF extra copies in any case.Conclusion A20 gene deletion is present in the small part of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, and might contribute to the development of Chinese ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.A20 deletion is not associated with extra copies of TNF locus.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and human herpes virus 8 (HHV8; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus), and to develop an in situ hybridization (ISH) technique effective for clinical pathological diagnosis.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to synthesize a digoxigenin-labeled single stranded DNA probe specific for HHV8 open reading frame 72 cyclin D homolog gene encoded mRNA as the probe accompanying with a tyramide signal amplification system (TSA) for ISH assay. Totally 20 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 14 cases of KS from Danish patients were collected for HHV8 detection. In order to compare the result obtained, all of these cases were checked simultaneously using PCR technique.

RESULTSHHV8 was detected in 10 of 14 (71%) KS cases, of which 8 cases were positive for HHV8 by both ISH and PCR. In ISH, HHV8 hybridization signal was seen as a dot or patch located in the nuclei of both the neoplastic spindle cells and the endothelial cells. HHV8 was found in lesions in all the stages of KS including early patch, plaque and late nodular or tumor lesions, as well as in the primary and metastatic lesions. All the control cases showed a relevant positive or negative results.

CONCLUSIONSThe results further confirmed that there is a strong association between Kaposi's sarcoma and HHV8. The ISH technique with single stranded probe and TSA would be helpful in clinical pathological diagnosis for HHV8 infected diseases, such as KS, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; pathology ; virology ; Tyramine