ObjectiveTo analyze the research hotspots and development trends in the field of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsLiterature about SCS for SCI was retrieve from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, with a time range from January, 1999 to July, 2025. VOSviewer 1.6.20 and CiteSpace 6.4.R2 were used to analyze the annual publication volume, countries, authors, institutions, journals and keywords. ResultsA total of 636 literatures were included. From 1999 to 2025, the overall publication trend in this field showed an upward trajectory, with recent years fluctuating but tending to stabilize. The country with the most publications was the United States (429 papers), followed by Russia (98 papers) and China (70 papers). The institution with the highest number of publications was the University of California, Los Angeles (76 papers), the author with the most publications was V. Reggie Edgerton (70 papers), and the journal with the most publications was Journal of Clinical Medicine (31 papers). The most frequently cited study focused on exploring the combination of epidural spinal cord stimulation with task-specific training to restore motor function in patients with complete SCI. Keyword analysis showed that the research hotspots in this field were mainly focused on neuroregulation mechanisms, recovery of motor and autonomic nervous dysfunction, artificial intelligence, closed-loop stimulation and brain-computer interface technology innovations. In recent years, the research focus gradually shifted from basic mechanisms to personalized and precise multifunctional rehabilitation strategies. ConclusionThe field of SCS for SCI has undergone phases of basic mechanism exploration and clinical application expansion. Current research hotspots and future trends focus primarily on the development of new stimulation paradigms and combined innovative technologies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) cases in Jingzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in Jingzhou City. MethodsSARI surveillance was carried out in two sentinel hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2018 to 2023. Respiratory tract samples were collected from cases and influenza virus nucleic acid was measured using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ResultsA total of 2 603 SARI samples were tested from 2018 to 2023, and 338 samples were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, with a detection rate of 12.99%. The highest positive detection rate was 20.22% in 2019, followed by 14.29% in 2022, and the lowest detection rate was 7.75% in 2020. There were significant differences for the positive detection rates of influenza in each monitoring year (χ²=30.386, P<0.001). There were epidemic peaks in the five surveillance years from 2018 to 2023 except 2020. There were winter epidemic peaks during 2018‒2019 and 2021‒2022, and an obvious summer epidemic peak was also observed from 2019 to 2022. H1N1, H3N2, B-Victoria and B-Yamagata were alternately prevalent in the six surveillance years. In 2019, H1N1, H3N2 and B-Victoria were alternately prevalent with time progress, in 2021 only B-Victoria was prevalent, and in 2022 H3N2 and B-Victoria were prevalent. There was no statistically significant difference for the positive detection rates of influenza virus between different genders (χ²=0.178, P=0.673). Among the four age groups, the positive rate of influenza virus in the age group of 15‒<25 years old was the highest (40.91%), followed by the age group of 25‒<60 years old (21.31%). There were statistically significant differences for the positive rates of influenza virus among different age groups (χ²=24.496, P<0.001). ConclusionThe surveillance of SARI cases in Jingzhou City could serve as an effective supplement to the surveillance of ILI in sentinel hospitals. It is suggested to expand the surveillance scope, strengthen public education and outreach on the prevention and control of respiratory diseases, thereby providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, chatbots have shown great potential in the healthcare sector. From personalized health advice to chronic disease management and psychological support, chatbots have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. As the scope of their applications expands, the relationship between technological complexity and practical application scenarios has become increasingly intertwined, necessitating a more comprehensive evaluation of both aspects. This paper, from the perspective of he althcare applications, systematically reviews the technological pathways and development of chatbots in the medical field, providing an in-depth analysis of their performance across various medical scenarios. It thoroughly examines the advantages and limitations of chatbots, aiming to offer theoretical support for future research and propose feasible recommendations for the broader adoption of chatbot technologies in healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with blade needle therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 60 patients with KOA were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases each group. The control group received acupuncture at Neixiyan (EX-LE4)，Dubi (ST35), Yinlingquan (SP9), Liangqiu (ST34), Xuehai (SP10), Yanglingquan (GB34) and Zusanli (ST36) on the affected side, once every other day, 3 times a week. The observation group received blade needle therapy on the basis of the treatment in the control group, once every 3 days, 2 times a week. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before treatment, after 2, 4 weeks of treatment, and after 1 month of treatment completion (in follow-up), the scores of pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and Lequesne index were observed in the two groups, and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: After 2, 4 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the pain VAS scores, Lequesne index scores, and pain, stiffness, function scores of WOMAC in both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the VAS scores, Lequesne index scores and pain, function scores of WOMAC in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The effective response rate in the observation group was 76.7% (23/30), while that in the control group was 70.0% (21/30), there was no statistically significant difference in the effective response rates between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in either group. CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with blade needle therapy could alleviate pain and promote functional recovery in KOA patients, and achieve long-lasting improvements.
Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Needles ; Combined Modality Therapy

Nanozymes are a distinct category of nanomaterials that exhibit catalytic properties resembling those of enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Nanozymes derived from Chinese herbal medicines exhibit the catalytic functions of their enzyme mimics, while retaining the specific medicinal properties of the herb (termed "herbzymes"). These nanozymes can be categorized into three main groups based on their method of synthesis: herb carbon dot nanozymes, polyphenol-metal nanozymes, and herb extract nanozymes. The reported catalytic activities of herbzymes include POD, SOD, CAT, and GPx. This review presents an overview of the catalytic activities and potential applications of nanozymes, introduces the novel concept of herbzymes, provides a comprehensive review of their classification and synthesis, and discusses recent advances in their biomedical applications. Furthermore, we also discuss the significance of research into herbzymes, including the primary challenges faced and future development directions.
Nanostructures/chemistry* ; Humans ; Herbal Medicine/methods* ; Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry* ; Catalase/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Catalysis ; Glutathione Peroxidase/chemistry*

BACKGROUND: Prospective evidence on how offspring number influences morbidity and mortality remains limited. This study investigated the associations between number of offspring and morbidity and mortality risks among 0.5 million Chinese adults. METHODS: By using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB; n = 512,723, an approximately 12-year follow-up), sex-stratified phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) analyses were conducted to investigate associations between offspring number (without vs . with offspring; more than one vs . one offspring) and risks of ICD10-coded morbidity and mortality. Sex-specific adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS: Among 210,129 men and 302,284 women aged 30-79 years, 1,338,837 incident events were recorded. PheWAS results revealed that offspring number was associated with disease risks across multiple systems. Cox models showed that childless men ( vs . one offspring) had higher risks for nine of 36 diseases, while childless women for five of 37. Each additional offspring was associated with reduced risks of mental and behavioral disorders in men (aHR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.87-0.98]) and both mental and behavioral disorders (aHR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.89-0.97]) and breast cancer (aHR [95% CI] = 0.82 [0.78-0.86]) in women. However, each additional offspring was associated with a 4% increase in the risk of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in women (aHR [95% CI] = 1.04 [1.02-1.07]). Among 282,630 patients, 44,533 deaths were documented. Childless patients had higher mortality risk in both men (aHR [95% CI] = 1.37 [1.28-1.47]) and women (aHR [95% CI] = 1.27 [1.15-1.41]). For men, each additional offspring reduced mortality by 4% (aHR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.95-0.98]), while for women, the lowest risk was observed among those with three to four offspring ( Pnonlinear <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Offspring number is closely linked to morbidity and mortality risks. Further research is warranted to verify our findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms involved.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Morbidity ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Family Characteristics ; Mortality ; East Asian People

Flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (3GT) is a key enzyme in the glucosidation of anthocyanins. To investigate the 3GT gene in rhododendron, we cloned an open reading frame (ORF) of 3GT gene (named Rh3GT) from Rhododendron hybridum Hort (Red cultivar) and then characterized this gene and the deduced protein in terms of the biochemical characteristics, expression level, and enzymatic function. The results showed that Rh3GT had a full length of 993 bp and encoded 330 amino acid residues. The deduced protein was hydrophilic, stable, weak acid, belonging to the glycosyltransferase family (GT-B type), with glutamine (Q) at position 44 in the PSPG box. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Rh3GT was most closely related to Vc3GT from Vaccinium corymbosum and Vm3GT from Vaccinium myrtillus. Rh3GT was expressed in the stems, leaves, and flowers and almost not expressed in the roots, with the highest expression level in petals during full blooming stage. Introduction of pCAMBIAL1302-Rh3GT into petals significantly up-regulated the expression level of Rh3GT and increased the total anthocyanin accumulation. Rh3GT was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 in the form of inclusion bodies with a size of about 36 kDa. The results of HPLC showed that the recombinant Rh3GT after denaturation, purification, and dilution could catalyze the synthesis of cyanidin and UDP-glucose to synthesize cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, indicating that the expressed protein had 3GT activity. This study provides basic data for further studying the molecular regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and theoretical support for molecular breeding of rhododendron.
Rhododendron/classification* ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis* ; Anthocyanins/biosynthesis* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Amino Acid Sequence

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors are common types of digestive system disorders， and their complex pathogeneses have led to difficulties in early diagnosis and a high metastasis rate， with persistently high incidence and mortality rates in China， which greatly affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Studies have shown that heparanase （HPSE）， as a key effector molecule in matrix remodeling， plays a crucial regulatory role in tumor invasion and metastasis and microenvironment remodeling， and it is significantly associated with clinical prognosis. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of HPSE in hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors， in order to provide a strong scientific basis for developing diagnostic markers and targeted interventions for hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors.

The prevalence and abuse of new psychoactive substances are becoming more and more serious. The structural characteristics and pharmacological and toxicological effects of new psychoactive substances of fentanyl compounds were summarized, which focused on the pre-treatment and analysis methods of fentanyl substances in different scenes such as biological samples, drugs or illegal drugs, and environmental samples. The difficulties of current laboratory detection and field rapid detection were also summarized, and the development trend and application prospect of various technologies were prospected.

Objective:To explore the expressions of calcium-activated chloride channel protein 1(ANO1)and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer(CRC)tissue and their relationships with the clinicopathological characteristics of the CRC patients,and to clarify their clinical significances.Methods:The surgical tissue specimens from 77 patients with primary CRC were collected.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)method was used to detect the protein expressions of ANO1 and E-cadherin in CRC tissue;Spearman correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between their expressions;PCR fluorescence probe method was used to detect the KRAS/NRAS mutations in CRC tissue;chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method was used to analyze the relationships between the expressions of ANO1 and E-cadherin and clinicopathological characteristics of the CRC patients.Results:The IHC results showed that the positive expression rate of ANO1 in CRC tissue was 24.7％,and the positive expression rate of E-cadherin was 63.6％.The Spearman analysis results showed that the expressions of ANO1 and E-cadherin in CRC tissue were positively correlated(r=0.458,P<0.05).Compared with the patients with tumor located in rectum,the positive expression rate of ANO1 in cancer tissue of the CRC patients with tumor located in colon was significantly increased(χ2=5.499,P=0.019);compared with the patients with TNM stageⅢ-Ⅳ,the positive expression rate of ANO1 in cancer tissue of the CRC patients with TNM stageⅠ-Ⅱ was significantly increased(χ2=4.774,P=0.029);compared with the patients with lymphnode metastasis,the positive expression rate of ANO1 in the CRC patients without lymphnode metastasis was significantly increased(P=0.034).Compared with the CRC patients with T4 stage,the positive expression rate of E-cadherin in the CRC patients with T1-T3 stage was significantly increased(P=0.024).Compared with the CRC patients with p53 positive,Ki-67≥90％,PMS2 positive and KRAS wild-type,the positive expression rate of ANO1 in cancer tissue of the CRC patients with p53 negative,Ki-67<90％,PMS2 negative and KRAS mutant was significantly increased(P=0.031,P=0.036,P=0.048,P=0.028).Conclusion:The expressions of ANO1 and E-cadherin in primary CRC tissue of the patients are positively correlated;ANO1 and E-cadherin are associated with multiple clinicopathological characteristics of the patients;ANO1 and E-cadherin may be involved in the occurrence and progression of CRC.