BackgroundWith the acceleration of population aging in China， studies have documented an increased prevalence of dementia in the elderly. Behavioral and psychological symptoms and impaired cognitive function are important problems affecting the quality of life in the elderly with dementia. It has been noted that there are certain limitations on the management of problems mentioned above by drug treatment alone， while its combination with music intervention is emerging as an effective approach. However， the application of this approach in the elderly with moderate to severe dementia is still in its relative infancy. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of music assisted drug treatment on behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive function in the elderly with moderate to severe dementia， so as to provide insights for the development of effective intervention. MethodsA randomized controlled study was utilized to enroll a coherent of 43 elderly patients with moderate to severe dementia who were hospitalized in Geriatric Psychiatry of Deyang Mental Health Center from January to July 2023 and met the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for dementia. Eligible subjects were divided into study group （n=22） and control group （n=21） based on random allocation using SPSS 26.0. Both groups received routine drug treatment and nursing care， while the study group added music intervention， which consisted of two 30-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks. Neuro Psychiatric Inventory （NPI） and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） were administered to all patients before and after intervention. ResultsA total of 36 patients completed the study， including 20 case in study group and 16 case in control group. No statistical difference was noted in baseline NPI score and MMSE score between two groups （P>0.05）. After intervention， study group reported a statistical reduction in NPI total score ［58.00 （49.00， 79.25） vs. 78.50 （55.00， 95.50）， Z=-3.902， P<0.01）］ along with a clinically unremarkable increase in MMSE score （P>0.05） compared with baseline data. After intervention， NPI total score and scores on sub-domains including agitation/aggression， depression/dysphoria， anxiety and aberrant motor behavior were all significantly lower in study group than those in control group （Z=-2.183， -2.438， -2.691， -3.716， -2.250， P<0.05 or 0.01）， while there was no significant difference in MMSE score between two groups （P>0.05）. ConclusionMusic assisted drugintervention may ameliorate behavioral and psychological symptoms in the elderly with moderate to severe dementia， while no significant improvement is documented on cognitive function. ［Fund by the "14^th Five Year Plan" for Philosophy and Social Sciences Research in Deyang （number， DY232C002）］

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Qishishenshu Capsule on renal fibrosis in mice with early diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods A DN mouse model was established by multiple injections of streptozotocin.The mice were randomly divided into a normal group(NC),model group(DN),and Qishi group(QS)(0.9 g/(kg·d)),with eight mice in each group.Mice were gavaged continuously for 4 weeks,and fasting blood glucose(FBG)was measured weekly.Four weeks later,urinary albumin/creatinine(UACR),serum creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin,periodicacid-Schiff,and Sirius red staining were used to analyze renal pathological changes.Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of fibronectin(FN),collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1(Col1a1),and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect FN,collagen type Ⅰ(Collagen Ⅰ),collagen typeⅢ(Collagen Ⅲ),α-SMA,Podocin,Nephrin,and transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD family member2/3(TGF-β1/Smad2/3)pathway-related proteins.Results Compared with mice in the NC group,those in the DN group showed significantly higher levels of FBG and UACR(P＜0.001),and mesangial hyperplasia,basement membrane thickening,and collagen deposition in the renal tissue.The mRNA levels of FN,Col1a1,and α-SMA were increased(P＜0.05).Protein levels of Podocin and Nephrin were decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of FN,Collagen I,Collagen Ⅲ,α-SMA,and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway proteins were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the DN group,the QS group's level of UACR was decreased(P＜0.05),their renal pathological injury was alleviated,and mRNA levels of FN,Collagen Ⅰ,andα-SMA were attenuated(P＜0.05);whereas their protein levels of Podocin and Nephrin were elevated(P＜0.05).The levels of FN,Collagen Ⅰ,Collagen Ⅲ,α-SMA,and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway proteins were also decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Qishishenshu Capsule improved renal fibrosis in DN mice,probably through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate whether prophylactic use of metal clips is necessary after cold snare polypectomy (CSP) of colorectal polyps of 6-10 mm.Methods:A total of 200 patients with 6-10 mm polyps that met the criteria of cold snare resection in Chengdu Third People's Hospital from 15 February 2022 to 30 May 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: a group that received preventive metal clip treatment and an observation group. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Boston score, endoscopy entry time, wound size, operation time, intraoperative bleeding time, postoperative delayed bleeding rate and cost between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:Ninety-eight patients in the metal clip group had 122 polyps removed, and 97 patients in the observation group had 119 polyps removed. There was no significant difference in the age, gender, BMI, Boston score, endoscopy entry time or wound size between the two groups. There were significant differences in the operation time (171.03±90.78 s VS 69.81±43.26 s, t=2.266， P=0.010), intraoperative bleeding time (19.98±17.37 s VS 29.16±17.56 s, t=-2.875， P=0.006) and surgery cost (571.63±110.92 yuan VS 366.32±13.2 yuan, t=18.102， P<0.001) between the metal clip group and the observation group. There was no significant difference in the delayed bleeding incidence［0.0%（0/98）VS 1.0%（1/97）， P=0.497］between the two groups. Conclusion:For patients with continuous bleeding time <60 seconds after CSP of 6-10 mm colonic polyps, the prophylactic use of metal clips may reduce the bleeding time, but may increase the operation time and cost. Metal clips have little effect on preventing postoperative complications.

Objective To analyze the correlation between Glasgow coma score(GCS),blood lactic acid(Lac),and blood transfusion volume in traumatic emergency hemorrhagic shock patients,and their predictive value for patient prognosis.Methods Retrospective collection of clinical data from 128 trauma emergency shock patients who were treated and followed up in the Emergency Medical Center,Jinhua People's Hospital from March 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into good prognosis group(n=106)and poor prognosis group(n=22)according to their prognosis.The general information,GCS score,Lac level,and blood transfusion volume of two groups were compared.Using Cox regression model to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.Establish receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to analyze the predictive value of GCS score,Lac level,and blood transfusion volume on the prognosis of trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.Results Among 128 patients,22 had poor prognosis,accounting for 17.19％.The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,Lac,and white blood cell(WBC)in poor prognosis group were higher than those in good prognosis group,while the admission GCS score and hemoglobin(Hb)level were lower than those in good prognosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume was negatively correlated with admission GCS score and admission Hb level(P＜0.05),and positively correlated with admission Lac level(P＜0.05).The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,and admission Hb levels are all independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients(P＜0.05).The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,admission Hb level,and combined predicted area under the curve(AUC)were 0.722,0.872,0.881,0.798,and 0.931,respectively,with sensitivity of 68.2％,76.6％,85.7％,75.7％,and 88.8％,and specificity of 70.8％,81.0％,78.5％,81.0％,and 85.7％,respectively.Paired Z-tests showed that the combined AUC was higher than a single indicator,and both sensitivity and specificity were optimal(P＜0.05).Conclusion The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,and admission Hb levels are all independent risk factors for poor prognosis in trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients,and the combined prediction of the four has the highest efficacy value.

In the field of biomedicine,two-dimensional(2D)cell lines and animal models have played an im-portant role in the study of cell pathways and drug targets.However,due to species differences between humans and other animals,and the lack of hierarchy,cellular diversity,and cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions,2D cell lines could not ful-ly reflect what cells actually look like in the human body.Organoids are three-dimensional(3D)in vitro culture models de-rived from autologous tissue stem cells,which make up for the defects of 2D culture and can simulate the structure and function of real human organs to a certain extent,providing new ideas for disease diagnosis and treatment.Among them,lung organoids(LO)are a typical case studying the development process of human lung and the generation principle of lung diseases.Relevant studies have provided help for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis,lung cancer,lung injury and other diseases.This paper aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of lung organoids in recent years,and fur-ther summarize the application of LO in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of dynamic monitoring of occlusal force on the final therapeutic effect and the change of periodontal supporting tissue during combined periodontal orthodontic treatment.Methods The periodontal clinical index of 20 patients with traditional periodontal orthodontic treatment and 20 patients with combined periodontal orthodontic treatment assisted by T-Scan Ⅲ and Anycheck digital occlusion analysis system were compared before,during and after treatment,as well as the changes of bite force,bite time and tooth mobility in the experimental group.Results The depth of periodontal pocket(PD),loss of attachment(AL),bleeding index(BI)and tooth looseness were significantly reduced after combined periodontal orthodontic treatment in both groups.In the control group,the percentage of anterior and posterior biting force changed obviously,and the occlusion force balance was improved.Conclusion The combined treatment of periodontitis and orthodontics can improve the periodontal tissue of patients with periodontitis,and T-Scan system can observe and guide the adjustment of occlusal and better achieve occlusion force balance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of microwave on human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) capsid protein in simulated infectious wastes.Methods:Droplets of HAdV-2 virus suspension were added to medical disposable gloves to simulate infectious waste, irradiated under different microwave conditions, the temperature change was recorded, and the irradiated viral supernatant was treated with Dnase I and detected by PCR and qPCR to determine the effect of microwave on the integrity of the viral capsid. ELISA was used to detect the effect of microwave irradiation on the structure of viral hexon protein. The virus was treated alone at the highest temperature during microwave irradiation to investigate whether there were non-thermal effects during microwave disinfection.Results:The maximum temperature during microwave irradiation was 76 ℃, and the PCR and qPCR result showed that Dnase I could significantly damage the viral nucleic acid after microwave irradiation, while the virus control group and heat treatment group were not significantly affected, indicating that microwave irradiation could destroy the integrity of the viral capsid. The result of ELISA showed that microwave irradiation could significantly weaken the binding ability of Hexon protein and antibody, and the result of heat treatment group were similar.Conclusions:Microwave irradiation can destroy the integrity of the HAdV-2 capsid and the structure of Hexon protein, in which the damage to the integrity of the capsid is mainly due to non-thermal effects, and the structural changes of hexon protein are mainly due to thermal effects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of endoscopic Draf Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery in the treatment of recurrent frontal sinus infection and fistula formation after craniocerebral trauma.METHODS There were 8 cases of recurrent frontal sinus infection after craniocerebral trauma,the main manifestations were headache,recurrent frontal infection,discharge of pus,fistula formation.The average onset time was 43.25 months.The patients underwent DRAF Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery under nasal endoscopy,including Draf Ⅱa 2,Draf Ⅱb 5,and Draf Ⅲ1,respectively.During the operation,the frontal sinus ostium was expanded.It was found that bone wax blocked the frontal sinus ostium in the frontal sinus.The bone wax was removed,and the frontal sinus drainage was smooth.No facial incision was made in all patients.RESULTS There were 8 patients with frontal infection who were cured after surgery.No cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or intracranial infection occurred during or after operation.After discharge,the outpatient follow-up review was conducted in 1,3,6,and 12 months.It was found that the frontal sinus remained unobstructed.The frontal sinus did not become infected again,and the fistula gradually healed.CONCLUSION Draf Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery under nasal endoscopy is an effective way to treat recurrent frontal sinus infection and fistula formation after craniocerebral trauma.

Ferroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, involves multi-molecular and multi-signaling pathways, and the core processes is iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It affects cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease, and many other diseases. While, ischemia-reperfusion injury is an extremely complex pathological process, including ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, brain, liver and kidney, etc., which often occurs in shock, organ surgery and organ transplantation, seriously affecting human health, and there is no effective radical treatment. However, ferroptosis is closely related to ischemia-reperfusion injury so that it is possible to find the prevention and treatment measures of ischemia-reperfusion injury by exploring the internal relationship between them. Therefore, the author tries to summarize the signaling pathways of ferroptosis, and explores the relationship between ferroptosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart, brain, liver and kidney by moderating the ferroptosis targets properly to find the effective ways to treat cancer, improve inflammation and relieve other diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement mechanism of caudatin on liver injury of rats. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， caudatin low-dose and high-dose groups （25， 50 mg/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. Diethylnitrosamine （DEN） was injected intraperitoneally three times per week for eight weeks to establish liver injury model of rats. At 5th week of modeling， the rats received relevant medicine or 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose intragastrically for 4 weeks. The levels of liver function indexes [alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， total protein （TP） and total bilirubin （TBI）] and inflammatory factors [interleukin （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， IL-1β] in serum were detected； the histopathological morphological changes of rat liver were observed； the positive protein expressions of nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） and 78 kDa glucose regulatory protein （Grp78） in liver tissue were also determined； the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein Grp78， C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， activating transcription factor 6 （ATF6） and inositol requiring enzyme 1α （IRE1α） and the level of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase robertluoyi@126.com （PERK） in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with blank group， serum levels of ALT， AST， TBI， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β and positive expressions of NF-κB and Grp78 in liver tissue as well as protein expressions of Grp78， CHOP， ATF6 and IRE1α， PERK protein phosphorylation level were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while the serum level of TP was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The disordered structure of liver lobule， swollen liver cells， unclear intercellular boundary were observed and accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with model group， most of the above indexes were significantly reversed in caudatin groups （P＜0.05）； the structure of hepatic lobule was relatively complete and clear， the cells were arranged orderly， and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was also reduced. CONCLUSIONS Caudatin has a significant improvement effect against DEN-induced liver injury in rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory reaction.