Malignant tumors (commonly referred to as cancer) represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden. Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates, enabling timely intervention, and enhancing patient survival rates. However, current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening, which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection. A scientifically rational, multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages: it optimizes the use of biological samples, reduces time costs for participants, enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening, and minimizes overall expenses. Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources, ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer. To address this need, the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China. This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and international researches on cancer screening, early detection, and treatment for prevalent malignancies. Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context, as well as practical screening experiences, the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations, screening technologies, and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening. These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization (WHO), aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China, improve early detection rates, and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancer)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden.Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhancing pa-tient survival rates.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifical-ly rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of bio-logical samples,reduces time costs for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensive-ness of screening,and minimizes overall expenses.Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer.To address this need,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and interna-tional researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment for prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context,as well as practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to:enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detec-tion rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancers)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute substan-tially to the global disease burden.Early screening plays a crucial role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhan-cing patient survival.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifically rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of biological samples,reduces the time burden for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening,and min-imizes overall expenses.Moreover,this approach facilitates rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the soci-etal burden of cancer.To address gap,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest do-mestic and international researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment of prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context and practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the prin-ciples and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detection rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To investigate the neural regulatory mechanism of parvalbumin-positive interneurons(PV-INs)in the dentate gyrus(DG)involved in the impairment of spatial recognition memory by exercise-induced chronic fatigue.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into control group and fatigue group by random num-ber method.A three-level incremental load treadmill training program was selected to establish a chronic exhaustion exercise fatigue model.The spatial recognition memory ability of rats was tested by novel object recognition test.The ac-tivation levels and quantitative changes of astrocytes(AS)and PV-INs in the DG region was observed and quantified through immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining.The phosphorylation level of calcium/calmodu-lin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMK Ⅱ)in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results:In the test of novel object recognition,the exploration time of novel object was reduced in the fatigue group,and the discrimination index was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining showed that PV-INs in the DG region of fatigue rats were lighter and fewer than those in the control group,the fibers were short and sparse,and the positive cell density and average optical density of cells were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01).Immunofluorescence staining showed that AS was significantly activated,glial fibrillary acidic pro-tein(GFAP)was stained deeply,and the cell processes were dense and elongated in the DG region of fatigue rats.The positive cell density and mean fluorescence intensity were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).The results of Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of CaMK Ⅱ protein in the hippocampus of the fatigue group was significantly reduced than that of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Exercise-induced chro-nic fatigue inhibited PV-INs in the rat hippocampal DG region.The excessive activation of AS following exercise fatigue may be a major contributor to this PV-INs suppression.Concurrently,reduced phosphorylation levels of CaMK Ⅱ protein were observed in hippocampal tissue.These alterations ultimately impaired spatial recognition memory in the rats.

Objective:To explore the effect of behavioral activation therapy on subthreshold depression and quality of life in patients with diabetes foot amputation, and to provide reference for clinical psychotherapy and quality of life improvement in patients with diabetes foot amputation.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted to select 50 patients with diabetes foot amputation from September to December 2023 in the People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University by convenient sampling. The participants were divided into an control group and a observation group, with 25 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The patients in the control group received routine nursing care of diabetes feet, and the patients in the observation group were given behavior activation therapy on the basis of the control group. The Centre for Epidomiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form (BADS-SF), and Short Form Health Measure (SF-12) were used to assess patients′ subthreshold depression, behavior, and quality of life before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.Results:The final number of patients who completed the study in the control group and observation group were 23 and 24, respectively. There were 11 males and 12 females in the control group, with an age of (69.70 ± 7.01) years. There were 12 males and 12 females in the observation group, with an age of (69.17 ± 6.83) years. At the end of the intervention and 3 months after the intervention, the CES-D scores of the observation group were (21.13 ± 2.19) and (18.83 ± 1.86) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (25.70 ± 1.72) and (25.91 ± 1.65) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-7.93, -13.80, both P<0.05). At the end of the intervention and 3 months after the intervention, the BADS-SF behavioral activation dimension scores in the observation group were (17.67 ± 2.41) and (18.50 ± 2.19) points, respectively, higher than the control group's (11.83 ± 1.78) and (11.57 ± 2.02) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=31.65, 34.45, both P<0.05). The behavioral avoidance dimension scores were (9.48 ± 1.50) and (9.65 ± 1.99) points, respectively, lower than the control group's (10.75 ± 1.42) and (11.88 ± 1.57) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.53, 13.17, both P<0.05). Three months after the intervention, the total score of SF-12 in the observation group was (65.96 ± 2.94) points, and the psychological dimension score was (37.50 ± 4.14) points, both of which were higher than those in the control group (60.30 ± 2.42) and (30.13± 5.15) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=51.54, 5.42, both P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in time, between groups, and interaction effects in CES-D score, scores of two dimensions of BADS-SF and SF-12 total score ( F values were 10.04-190.71). Conclusions:Behavioral activation therapy can improve the symptoms of subthreshold depression in patients with diabetes foot amputation, enhance their behavioral activation level, and improve the quality of life to a certain extent.

Objective:To investigate the neural regulatory mechanism of parvalbumin-positive interneurons(PV-INs)in the dentate gyrus(DG)involved in the impairment of spatial recognition memory by exercise-induced chronic fatigue.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into control group and fatigue group by random num-ber method.A three-level incremental load treadmill training program was selected to establish a chronic exhaustion exercise fatigue model.The spatial recognition memory ability of rats was tested by novel object recognition test.The ac-tivation levels and quantitative changes of astrocytes(AS)and PV-INs in the DG region was observed and quantified through immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining.The phosphorylation level of calcium/calmodu-lin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMK Ⅱ)in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results:In the test of novel object recognition,the exploration time of novel object was reduced in the fatigue group,and the discrimination index was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining showed that PV-INs in the DG region of fatigue rats were lighter and fewer than those in the control group,the fibers were short and sparse,and the positive cell density and average optical density of cells were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01).Immunofluorescence staining showed that AS was significantly activated,glial fibrillary acidic pro-tein(GFAP)was stained deeply,and the cell processes were dense and elongated in the DG region of fatigue rats.The positive cell density and mean fluorescence intensity were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).The results of Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of CaMK Ⅱ protein in the hippocampus of the fatigue group was significantly reduced than that of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Exercise-induced chro-nic fatigue inhibited PV-INs in the rat hippocampal DG region.The excessive activation of AS following exercise fatigue may be a major contributor to this PV-INs suppression.Concurrently,reduced phosphorylation levels of CaMK Ⅱ protein were observed in hippocampal tissue.These alterations ultimately impaired spatial recognition memory in the rats.

Objective:To explore the effect of behavioral activation therapy on subthreshold depression and quality of life in patients with diabetes foot amputation, and to provide reference for clinical psychotherapy and quality of life improvement in patients with diabetes foot amputation.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted to select 50 patients with diabetes foot amputation from September to December 2023 in the People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University by convenient sampling. The participants were divided into an control group and a observation group, with 25 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The patients in the control group received routine nursing care of diabetes feet, and the patients in the observation group were given behavior activation therapy on the basis of the control group. The Centre for Epidomiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form (BADS-SF), and Short Form Health Measure (SF-12) were used to assess patients′ subthreshold depression, behavior, and quality of life before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.Results:The final number of patients who completed the study in the control group and observation group were 23 and 24, respectively. There were 11 males and 12 females in the control group, with an age of (69.70 ± 7.01) years. There were 12 males and 12 females in the observation group, with an age of (69.17 ± 6.83) years. At the end of the intervention and 3 months after the intervention, the CES-D scores of the observation group were (21.13 ± 2.19) and (18.83 ± 1.86) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (25.70 ± 1.72) and (25.91 ± 1.65) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-7.93, -13.80, both P<0.05). At the end of the intervention and 3 months after the intervention, the BADS-SF behavioral activation dimension scores in the observation group were (17.67 ± 2.41) and (18.50 ± 2.19) points, respectively, higher than the control group's (11.83 ± 1.78) and (11.57 ± 2.02) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=31.65, 34.45, both P<0.05). The behavioral avoidance dimension scores were (9.48 ± 1.50) and (9.65 ± 1.99) points, respectively, lower than the control group's (10.75 ± 1.42) and (11.88 ± 1.57) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.53, 13.17, both P<0.05). Three months after the intervention, the total score of SF-12 in the observation group was (65.96 ± 2.94) points, and the psychological dimension score was (37.50 ± 4.14) points, both of which were higher than those in the control group (60.30 ± 2.42) and (30.13± 5.15) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=51.54, 5.42, both P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in time, between groups, and interaction effects in CES-D score, scores of two dimensions of BADS-SF and SF-12 total score ( F values were 10.04-190.71). Conclusions:Behavioral activation therapy can improve the symptoms of subthreshold depression in patients with diabetes foot amputation, enhance their behavioral activation level, and improve the quality of life to a certain extent.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancer)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden.Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhancing pa-tient survival rates.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifical-ly rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of bio-logical samples,reduces time costs for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensive-ness of screening,and minimizes overall expenses.Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer.To address this need,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and interna-tional researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment for prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context,as well as practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to:enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detec-tion rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancers)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute substan-tially to the global disease burden.Early screening plays a crucial role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhan-cing patient survival.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifically rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of biological samples,reduces the time burden for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening,and min-imizes overall expenses.Moreover,this approach facilitates rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the soci-etal burden of cancer.To address gap,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest do-mestic and international researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment of prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context and practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the prin-ciples and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detection rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors (commonly referred to as cancer) represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden. Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates, enabling timely intervention, and enhancing patient survival rates. However, current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening, which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection. A scientifically rational, multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages: it optimizes the use of biological samples, reduces time costs for participants, enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening, and minimizes overall expenses. Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources, ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer. To address this need, the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China. This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and international researches on cancer screening, early detection, and treatment for prevalent malignancies. Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context, as well as practical screening experiences, the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations, screening technologies, and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening. These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization (WHO), aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China, improve early detection rates, and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.