OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency and related factors of ineffective triggering (IT) and double triggering (DT) in patients with acute brain injury undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a single-center observational trial. Patients with acute brain injury [traumatic brain injury, stroke, and post-craniotomy for brain tumors] undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Respiratory parameters and waveforms during the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation were recorded, with 15-minute waveform segments collected 4 times daily. Airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1) was measured via end-expiratory hold at the end of each recording. IT and DT were identified based on airway pressure, flow, and esophageal pressure waveforms, and the ineffective triggering index (ITI) and DT incidence were calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with IT and DT. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients with acute brain injury were ultimately enrolled, including 19 cases of traumatic brain injury (20.2%), 39 cases of stroke (41.5%), and 36 cases of post-craniotomy for brain tumor (38.3%). Supratentorial injury was observed in 49 patients (52.1%), while infratentorial injury was identified in 45 patients (47.9%). A total of 94 patients with 1 018 datasets were analyzed; 684 (67.2%) datasets were on pressure support ventilation (PSV), and 334 (32.8%) were on mandatory ventilation. IT was detected in 810 (79.6%) datasets, with a median incidence of 2.1% (0.3%, 12.0%). Datasets demonstrating IT were characterized by lower P_0.1, higher tidal volume (VT), reduced respiratory rate (RR), and decreased minute ventilation (MV) compared to those without IT. The proportion of datasets exhibiting IT was higher during PSV than in mandatory ventilation [83.8% (573/684) vs. 71.0% (237/334), P < 0.05], while, the prevalence of ITI ≥ 10% was lower [23.8% (163/684) vs. 33.5% (112/334), P < 0.05]. DT was detected in 305 datasets (30%), with a median incidence of 0.6% (0.4%, 1.3%). Datasets exhibiting DT were characterized by higher VT, reduced RR, and lower pressure support levels. The incidence of DT was lower in PSV compared to mandatory ventilation modes [0% (0%, 0.3%) vs. 0% (0%, 0.5%), P < 0.05]. The post-craniotomy for brain tumors group exhibited higher ITI, lower RR, reduced MV, and a greater proportion of infratentorial lesions, compared to the TBI group. The infratentorial lesion group demonstrated higher ITI and incidence of DT compared to the supratentorial lesion group [ITI: 3.1% (0.7%, 17.8%) vs. 1.5% (0%, 8.3%), incidence of DT: 0% (0%, 0.5%) vs. 0% (0%, 0%), both P < 0.05]. After adjusting for confounding factors through multivariate logistic regression analysis, infratentorial lesion [odds ratio (OR) = 2.029, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.465-2.811, P < 0.001], lower P_0.1 (OR = 0.714, 95%CI was 0.616-0.827, P < 0.001), and mandatory ventilation (OR = 1.613, 95%CI was 1.164-2.236, P = 0.004) were independently associated with IT. Additionally, infratentorial lesion (OR = 1.618, 95%CI was 1.213-2.157, P = 0.001), large tidal volume (OR = 1.222, 95%CI was 1.137-1.314, P < 0.001), lower pressure support levels (OR = 0.876, 95%CI was 0.829-0.925, P < 0.001), and mandatory ventilation (OR = 2.750, 95%CI was 1.983-3.814, P < 0.001) were independently associated with DT. CONCLUSION IT and DT were common in patients with acute brain injury. Infratentorial lesions and mandatory ventilation were independently associated with both IT and DT.
Humans ; Respiration, Artificial/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Brain Injuries/therapy* ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy* ; Logistic Models ; Aged ; Adult

Objective To explore the effects of different types of drinking water on the growth and fecal flora of mice.Methods Specific pathogen-free NIH mice were randomly divided into five groups,32 mice each group,with half males and half females in each group.The group were given either purified water(control group),acidified water,alkalized water,weakly acidic water or solid water.Diet and body weight were monitored continuously for 20 days.After the experiment,animal fecal samples were collected,and the V3-V4 region was amplified with bacterial 16S rDNA universal primers.An Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform was used for high-throughput sequencing,and microbial community,α diversity and β diversity were analyzed by bioinformatics method.Results The body weight of female mice given different pH values of weakly acidic water was higher,while the weight of the other groups was lower,than that of the control group(P＞0.05).The body weight of male mice in the acidified water group was higher,while that of other groups was lower,than that of control group,but there was no statistical difference between the groups(P＞0.05).The body weights of male and female mice in the solid water group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The food and water intake of the female animals in the alkaline water group and the water intake of female animals in the solid water group were lower than those of the other groups.OTU clustering analysis showed that the data volume of the sequencing was reasonable,and the fecal flora species of NIH mice were divided into five phyla,among which Bacteroides and Firmicutes were dominant.Unclassified Pseudopurpuromonas,Lactobacillus and Alistipes were the main genera.There were differences in fecal flora abundance and diversity among the mice given the five drinking water types.α analysis showed that the acidified water group had the highest flora abundance and diversity,while the solid water group had the lowest flora diversity.β analysis showed that the fecal flora composition in the solid water group was the closest to that of the control group,followed by the alkalized water group,acidified water group and weakly acidic water group.Conclusions Through an exploration of the effects of consuming different forms of water,this study revealed that solid water consumption had the greatest effects on body weight,feed intake,water consumption,and fecal flora of mice.The abundance and diversity of fecal flora in mice were affected by different pH values of drinking water,especially acidified water.

Objective To study the impact of a Western diet-type feed on biological indicators and histopathology in APOE-/-mice.Methods Forty-eight female and 48 male APOE--mice,and 48 female and 48 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into eight breeding groups:APOE-/-breeding feed group,APOE-/-Western dietary feed group,C57BL/6J breeding feed group,and C57BL/6J Western dietary feed group(24 male and 24 female mice per group).Mice were fed the respective diets from 3 weeks until the end of the experiment at 20 weeks.After the experiment,serum was collected for measurement of biochemical indicators.Aortas were removed for oil red O staining and gross examination and the aorta root was paraffin sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results A Western diet did not significantly increase body weight in APOE-/-mice,but did significantly improve the blood lipid index and total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,and high-density lipoprotein levels,and promoted the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.Male mice were suitable for modeling gross aortic plaques while female mice were suitable for modeling aortic arch root plaques.Conclusions A Western diet can promote atherosclerosis in APOE-/-mice,increase the aortic plaque area ratio,shorten modeling time,and improve modeling uniformity.

Objective To investigate the effects of thermosensitive moxibustion on psoriasis model rats'skin;To discuss its mechanism based on JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods 5%imiquimod cream was used on the skin of rats back and along the route of the Sanjiao meridian of hand-shaoyang for psoriasis modeling.The SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group and treaament group.The treatment group received moxibustion therapy at"Waiguan"for 40 minutes each time for 7 consecutive days,and were divided into moxibustion group and thermosensitive moxibustion group according to sensitization state.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in skin lesions,and ELISA was used to detect serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-23 levels.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expressions of p-JAK3 and p-STAT3 in the skin lesion tissue,and RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of JAK3,STAT3,IL-17A and IL-17F in the skin lesion tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,model group rats were with protruding and thickened skin lesions accompanied by extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,the contents of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-23 significantly increased(P<0.01),and the positive expressions of p-JAK3 and p-STAT3 in the skin lesion tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),the mRNA expressions of JAK3,STAT3,IL-17A and IL-17F significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the thickness of the spinous layer in the skin lesions of rats in the thermosensitive moxibustion group was reduced,and there was no significant infiltration of inflammatory cells.The contents of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-23 significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the positive expressions of p-JAK3 and p-STAT3 in skin lesion tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the mRNA expressions of JAK3,STAT3,IL-17A and IL-17F significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the moxibustion group,the serum contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the thermosensitive moxibustion group were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the positive expression of p-JAK3 in the skin lesion tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Thermosensitive moxibustion can improve the pathological symptoms of psoriasis model rats.Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway,reduction of regulatory T cell-17 differentiation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To analyze the development trajectory and predictors of endocrine therapy associated arthralgia in breast cancer patients.Methods From January 2022 to July 2022,breast cancer patients in the breast medicine department or outpatients of a tertiary cancer hospital in Hunan Province were selected as respondents using a convenience sampling method.A baseline survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,the Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Treated with Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer,and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale within 1 week prior to patient treatment.The Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Treated with Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer was used to assess patients'arthralgia levels at 3,6,and 9 months after treatment,and data were analyzed using growth mixed model,univariate analysis of variance,and multiple logistic regression.Results A total of 418 breast cancer patients completed the follow-up,with 235 cases(56.22%)developing arthralgia.3 potential categories of arthralgia develop-ment trajectories were identified:high level-slowly increasing group(11.48%),low level-slowly increasing group(44.74%),and asymptomatic group(43.78%).The results of multifactorial analysis showed that anxiety,history of bone and joint disease,sleep duration,place of residence,monthly household income,and frequency of exercise were predictors of potential categories for the development of trajectory of arthralgia levels associated with endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients(P<0.05).Conclusion Arthralgia levels associated with endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients exhibit different trajec-tories,and clinical staff should emphasize the assessment and intervention of pain levels in patients with the anxiety,a history of bone and joint disease,poor sleep,poor finances,living in urban areas,and low frequency of exercise.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism.MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS: Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.

Objective:To construct a psychological support training program for palliative care specialist nurses based on positive psychology theory and make a preliminary application.Methods:From August to September, 2020, 142 palliative nursing specialist nurses in Hunan Provincial Palliative Nursing Specialist Training Base were selected as the research objects. Based on positive psychology therapy, using literature review and analysis, semi-structured interviews, expert group meetings and other methods to construct the program, and the work stress, psychological resilience and subjective well-being scores of nurses before and after 8 weeks of psychological support training were compared.Results:The program included three dimensions: cognition, emotion and behavior. After the psychological support training for 8 weeks, the nursing staff′s work stress score 80.76 ± 20.43 was lower than that before the psychological support training 84.70 ± 19.88, the difference was statistically significant( t=6.59, P<0.05), and the psychological resilience score 64.40 ±14.26 was higher than that before the psychological support training 60.19 ±15.85, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-7.39, P<0.05), and the subjective well-being score 75.70 ± 7.70 was higher than that before the psychological support training 74.13 ± 5.98, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.52, P<0.05). Conclusions:The psychological support training program based on positive psychology theory can reduce the the work stress, improve psychological resilience and increase subjective well-being of palliative care specialist nurses.

Objective:To investigate the infection rate in close contacts of COVID-19 patients before and after the last negative nucleic acid test, evaluate the effect of dynamic nucleic acid test in determining the infectivity of COVID-19 patients.Methods:Dynamic nucleic acid test results of COVID-19 cases were collected in a retrospective cohort study. COVID-19 cases with negative nucleic acid test results before their first positive nucleic acid tests were selected as study subjects. Close contacts of the index cases and the secondary close contacts were kept isolation for medical observation to assess their risk of infection.Results:This study included 89 confirmed cases from two local COVID-19 epidemics in Ningbo. A total of 5 609 close contacts were surveyed, the overall infection rate was 0.20%. No close contacts of the COVID-19 cases before the last negative nucleic acid test were infected, and the infection rate in the close contacts of the COVID-19 cases after the last negative nucleic acid test was 1.33%, all of these close contacts lived together with the index cases. No secondary close contacts were infected.Conclusion:COVID-19 patient becomes infectious after the last nucleic acid is negative, and has no infectivity before the last nucleic acid negative.