BACKGROUND:Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2(PHD2)inhibitors can regulate bone metabolism and relieve osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.cpd17 is a small molecule oral PHD2 inhibitor newly developed by China Pharmaceutical University.It is effective in the treatment of renal anemia with few side effects,but its effect on bone formation and bone resorption is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of cpd17 on mouse osteogenic precursor cells. METHODS:Osteogenic precursor cells were treated with cpd17.Alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization were measured,and the expression levels of osteogenesis-and osteoclastogenesis-related markers,as well as PHD2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,were detected.After inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pathway using LW6(a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pathway inhibitor),alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization were detected again,as well as the expression levels of osteogenesis-and osteoclastogenesis-related markers,PHD2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:cpd17 significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization,up-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related markers,down-regulated the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related markers,up-regulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,down-regulate the expression of PHD2.However,cpd17's effects were significantly attenuated by LW6.To conclude,the PHD2 inhibitor cpd17 promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits osteoclastic differentiation through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the association between periampullary diverticula (PAD) and the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP), and to further classify diverticula types, and explore the impact of different types of diverticula on PEP.Methods:Data of 505 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for various reasons in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from May 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into the diverticula group ( n=133) and the non-diverticula group ( n=372) based on the presence of PAD. The diverticula group was subdivided into types Ⅰ ( n=29), Ⅱ ( n=57), Ⅲ ( n=34), Ⅳ ( n=13) according to the Li-Tanaka classification. The incidences of PEP were compared between the diverticula group and the non-diverticula group, as well as among the four subgroups within the diverticula group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for PEP. Results:There were significant differences in median age (72 years VS 66 years, Z=-4.626, P<0.001), common bile duct stones [80.45% (107/133) VS 59.94% (223/372), χ2=18.191, P<0.001], acute cholangitis [81.20% (108/133) VS 67.10% (231/372), χ2=16.208, P<0.001], malignant biliary stricture [8.27% (11/133) VS 23.39% (87/372), χ2=14.314, P<0.001] and pancreatic malignant diseases [7.52% (10/133) VS 18.55% (69/372), χ2=9.032, P=0.003] between the diverticula group and the non-diverticula group. The incidence of PEP in the diverticula group was significantly higher than that in the non-diverticula group [24.81% (33/133) VS 7.26% (27/372), χ2=28.835, P<0.001]. The incidence of PEP (36.84%,21/57) in type Ⅱ PAD patients was the highest, showing a significant difference compared with that of type Ⅲ [11.76% (4/34), χ2=6.984, P=0.008]. PAD ( OR=5.045, 95% CI: 2.898-11.194, P<0.001) and difficult cannulation ( OR=4.123, 95% CI: 1.968-8.490, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PEP. In the Li-Tanaka classification, type Ⅰ ( OR=3.055, 95% CI: 1.131-8.251, P=0.028) PAD and type Ⅱ PAD ( OR=6.082, 95% CI: 3.468-13.344, P<0.001) had a higher risk of PEP compared with non-PAD patients. Conclusion:PAD is one of the independent risk factors for PEP. Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ PAD, according to the Li-Tanaka classification, are associated with an elevated risk of PEP when compared with non-PAD patients.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of long intramedullary nails versus short intramedullary nails in the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femur fractures treated between March 2019 and August 2022. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (the long nail group and the short nail group). Thirty-four patients were treated with long intramedullary nails, including 16 males and 18 females, aged 68.41±17.84 years old (range 31-96 years). Twenty-six patients were treated with short intramedullary nails, including 13 males and 13 females, aged 72.23±13.97 years old (range 31-90 years). The causes of injury, fracture classification (AO/OTA classification), intraoperative blood loss, operation time, fracture healing time, imaging indexes (fracture reduction quality, postoperative neck trunk angle, and medial support), Harris score of the hip joint at the last follow-up, one-year mortality rates and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The follow-up time was 24.26±6.67 months in the long nail group and 24.31±5.60 months in the short nail group, and the general information of the two groups were comparable. Between the long nail and short nail group, the intraoperative blood loss was 281.47±235.28 ml vs. 121.92±84.14 ml and the operation time was 110.44±24.63 min vs. 81.15±28.54 min with significant differences ( P<0.05). While the length of hospital stay was 12.35±4.81 d vs. 10.89±4.30 d, the good rate of fracture reduction was 55.9% vs. 61.53%, the fracture healing time was 120.44±16.43 d vs. 128.07±18.33 d, the presence rate of medial support was 67.6% vs. 79.4%, and the excellent rate of Harris score was 65.4% vs. 65.4% with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). One-year mortality rates was 5.3% vs. 7.1% and complications was 11.7% vs. 15.4% with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both long intramedullary nails and short intramedullary nails are effective in the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, surgical time and intraoperative blood loss was less in the short nail group.

Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction syndrome caused by infection and immune dysfunction, with a high mortality rate. It affects multiple important organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Establishing corresponding animal models of organ dysfunction syndrome is an essential step in clarifying its pathogenesis, researching potential effective drugs, and evaluating the effectiveness and safety of treatment plans. This article first summarizes classic modeling methods for sepsis related organ injury, including the destruction of intestinal barrier tissue integrity and the implantation of pathogens or toxic drugs. The former mainly includes cecal ligation and puncture, ascending colon stent implantation, and cecal ligation incision. The latter is divided into intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, and intratracheal administration based on the clinical infection route being simulated. Cecal ligation and puncture and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection are the most commonly used methods. Secondly, this article summarizes the common modeling methods and evaluation methods for animal models of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and brain dysfunction. It points out that almost all organ injuries use classic modeling methods, and different organ injury models have additional modifications according to their different pathogenesis. For example, in addition to the classic modeling methods, lipopolysaccharide instillation in the trachea is more effective in modeling acute lung injury as it better simulates lung barrier dysfunction. Cecal ligation and puncture followed by Pseudomonas instillation in the trachea in a secondary challenge model better represents sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine is a mature modeling method of sepsis-induced acute liver injury. Intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide is a feasible model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. In addition to the different modeling methods, there are differences in the administration time, dosage and experimental time points according to the different experimental purposes. This article reviews the research progress of animal experimental models for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and brain dysfunction, aiming to provide a reference for the selection of animal experimental models and optimization of experimental design.

By analyzing the physiological structure and motion characteristics of human ankle joint, a four degree of freedom generalized spherical parallel mechanism is proposed to meet the needs of ankle rehabilitation. Using the spiral theory to analyze the motion characteristics of the mechanism and based on the method of describing the position with spherical coordinates and the posture with Euler Angle, the inverse solution of the closed vector equation of mechanism position is established. The workspace of mechanism is analyzed according to the constraint conditions of inverse solution. The workspace of the moving spherical center of the mechanism is used to match the movement space of the tibiotalar joint, and the workspace of the dynamic platform is used to match the movement space of subtalar joint. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the key scale parameters of the mechanism. The results show that the workspace of the generalized spherical parallel mechanism can satisfy the actual movement space of human ankle joint rehabilitation. The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis and experimental reference for the design of ankle joint rehabilitation robot with high matching degree.
Ankle Joint ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Movement ; Range of Motion, Articular

The 30th International Symposium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Motor Neuron Disease was held in Perth, Australia from December 4 to 6, 2019. This article mainly introduces the clinical research of this meeting, including epidemiology, non-motor symptoms, auxiliary examinations and biomarkers, etc., while the basic research includes genomics and genetics, protein metabolism abnormalities, neuroimmunity and inflammation, synapse pathology and preclinical treatment strategies,

The 29th International Symposium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?Motor Neuron Disease was held in Glasgow from December 7 to 9, 2018. The symposium was divided into 23 topics, with 109 special reports and paper′s exchange and 515 posters exchange. This article briefly introduces some topics of the symposium, involving basic researches, clinical researches and clinical trials. Among these, basic researches include genetics and genomics, axonal degeneration, disease models, and preclinical therapeutic strategies; Clinical researches include epidemiology, clinical progression, cognitive and psychological change, neuropathology, neurophysiology, neuroimaging and biomarkers.

The 29th International Symposium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-Motor Neuron Disease was held in Glasgow from December 7 to 9, 2018. The symposium was divided into 23 topics, with 109 special reports and paper′s exchange and 515 posters exchange. This article briefly introduces some topics of the symposium, involving basic researches, clinical researches and clinical trials. Among these, basic researches include genetics and genomics, axonal degeneration, disease models, and preclinical therapeutic strategies; Clinical researches include epidemiology, clinical progression, cognitive and psychological change, neuropathology, neurophysiology, neuroimaging and biomarkers.

Objective To observe the clinical features ofuveal effusion syndrome (UES) and the efficacy of sclerectomy in the treatment of UES.Methods A retrospective case series.Twenty patients (36 eyes) of UES with sclerectomy were enrolled in this study from June 2012 to December 2016 in Beijing Tongren Hospital.Among them,there were 12 males (22 eyes) and 8 females (14 eyes),with an average age of 37.8 years.All patients suffered from bilateral diseases,including 4 patients in single eye group and 16 patients in double eye group.Visual acuity,intraocular pressure,indirect ophthalmoscope,UBM,FFA combined with ICGA,A/B ultrasonography,axial length (AL) and scleral thickness were measured.All patients underwent lamellar sclerectomy,and those with exudative retinal detachment underwent four quadrant lamellar sclerectomy,followed by four quadrant full-thickness sclerectomy with the size of 1 mm × 2 mm in the center of the scleral bed.The follow-up time after operation was more than 6 months.Visual acuity,intraocular pressure and fundus examination were performed 1,3 and 6 months after operation with the same equipment and methods before operation.Results There was no obvious inflammation in the anterior chamber of all eyes,and intraocular pressure was 24-28 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) in 4 eyes (11.1％).Axial length of 8 eyes (22.2％) were 16-18 mm (true microphthalmia).12 eyes (33.3％) had scleral thickness ＞ 1.0-1.8 mm.Visual acuity ranged from hand movement to 0.05 in 20 eyes,0.1 to 0.3 in l0 eyes and＞0.3 in 6 eyes.Fundus examination showed peripheral choroidal and ciliary detachment;UBM examination showed annular peripheral ciliary and choroidal detachment.32 eyes (88.9％) were complicated with exudative retinal detachment.FFA examination showed that 14 eyes (38.9％) had leopard spot changes.Compared with preoperative vision,the visual acuity improved in 28 eyes (77.8％) and remained unchanged in 8 eyes (22.2％) after surgery.Thirty-two eyes with different degrees of retinal detachment were found before surgery.After surgery,ciliary body detachment,choroidal detachment and retinal detachment were restored.Six eyes (16.7％) recurred and underwent sclerectomy again.Conclusions The mild symptoms and recurrent attack are the characteristics of UES.Sclerectomy is an effective method to treat UES.

Objective To analyze the factors that influence the articular function after open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures.Methods From July 2014 to January 2016,111 ankle fractures received surgery in our hospital.There were 54 males and 57 fenales,with a mean age of 43.5 years (frown 18 to 75 years).By the Broos & Bisschop classification,there were 43 unimalleolar,38 bimalleolar and 30 trimalleolar fractures.The postoperative articular function was evaluated according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scoring at the final follow-up.Comparisons were made between the patients with excellent functional scores and those with lower than excellent functional scores.The potential influencing factors were analyzed,including age,gender,body mass index,smoking history,primary hypertension history,diabetes history,injured side,fracture cause,Broos & Bisschop classification,combined presence of obvious inferior tibiofibular separation,combined presence of ankle dislocation,combined presence of other injury,time from injury to surgery,physical status classification by the American Society of Anesthesiologists system,operation time,early functional exercise,removal of internal fixation and postoperative complications.The influencing factors were identified using univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results The average follow-up period was 15.5 months (from 8 to 25 months).The clinical union time of the fractures averaged 3.2 months (from 3 to 5 months).The ankle function at the final follow-up was excellent in 58 cases,good in 48,fair in 5 and poor in 0,with an excellent and good rate of 95.5％.Removal of internal fixation (P =0.001),early functional exercise (P =0.002),and postoperative complications (P =0.049) were identified as the independent risk factors influencing the articular function after surgery for ankle fractures.Conclusion For patients with ankle fracture,enhancing intraoperative procedures,reducing postoperative complications,encouraging the patients to do early functional exercise,and removing internal fixation after firacture union can effectively improve their ankle function.