Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of malignant lymphoma of the head and neck in children, and to improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment of this type of disease by otolaryngologists. Methods:Clinical data of 49 children with malignant lymphoma of the head and neck hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Kunming Children's Hospital from 2013-2021 were retrospectively analyzed and statistically analyzed according to gender, age distribution, duration of the disease, site of onset, type of pathology and survival status. Results:A total of 49 cases of malignant lymphoma of the head and neck in children were collected, of which, 39 were male and 10 female. The minimum age was 3 years, the maximum was 14 years and 4 months, the median age of onset was 7 years, and the largest percentage （51.02%） of children was in the school age（6-12 years）. The duration of the disease ranged from 5 days to 2 years, with a median of 1 month, and the site of the lesion was located in the neck in the majority of cases, 41（83.67%）. The pathologic types of hodgkin lymphoma（HL） were 25 cases（51.02%） and non-hodgkin lymphoma（NHL） were 24 cases（48.98%）, and among hodgkin lymphomas, mixed-cell classical hodgkin lymphoma was the most common, with 9 cases（18.37%）; among non-hodgkin lymphomas,originated from B-cells in 16 cases （32.65%） and from T-cells in 7 cases （14.29%）, with Burkitt's lymphoma being the most numerous of B-cell origin in 13 cases （26.53%）, and T-cell lymphoblastoid lymphoma being the most common of T-cell origin in 4 cases （8.16%）. The follow-up period was from 22 days to 6 years and 10 months, with 3 cases losing, 43 cases surviving, 3 cases dying, with a survival rate of 93 5%, and 3 cases relapsing, with a relapse rate of 6 5%. Conclusion:Children's head and neck malignant lymphoma has its own characteristics in terms of age of onset, gender distribution, site of onset, pathological type and treatment prognosis, which should be comprehensively assessed, diagnosed as early as possible, and multidisciplinary joint treatment actively carried out to propose personalized treatment plans.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Lymphoma/therapy* ; Survival Rate ; Hodgkin Disease ; Prognosis ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Glioma represents the most prevalent malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with chemotherapy serving as an essential adjunctive treatment. However, most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study introduced a novel dual-targeting strategy for glioma therapy by modulating the formation of nanobody-driven protein coronas to enhance the brain and tumor-targeting efficiency of hydrophobic cisplatin prodrug-loaded lipid nanoparticles (C8Pt-Ls). Specifically, nanobodies (Nbs) with fibrinogen-binding capabilities were conjugated to the surface of C8Pt-Ls, resulting in the generation of Nb-C8Pt-Ls. Within the bloodstream, Nb-C8Pt-Ls could bound more fibrinogen, forming the protein corona that specifically interacted with LRP-1, a receptor highly expressed on the BBB. This interaction enabled a "Hitchhiking Effect" mechanism, facilitating efficient trans-BBB transport and promoting effective brain targeting. Additionally, the protein corona interacted with LRP-1, which is also overexpressed in glioma cells, achieving precise tumor targeting. Computational simulations and SPR detection clarified the molecular interaction mechanism of the Nb-fibrinogen-(LRP-1) complex, confirming its binding specificity and stability. Our results demonstrated that this strategy significantly enhanced C8Pt accumulation in brain tissues and tumors, induced apoptosis in glioma cells, and improved therapeutic efficacy. This study provides a novel framework for glioma therapy and underscores the potential of protein corona modulation-based dual-targeting strategies in advancing treatments for brain tumors.

Objective:To identify clinical features,possible risk factors and treatment related to rituximab-associated interstitial pneumonia(RTX-IP). Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics,immune phenotype and treatment of six patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)develped after receiving R-CDOP treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Six patients had agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia within 1 week before RTX-IP diagnosis,and the median interval time was 3 courses of treatment.All six patients had double-expressor lymphoma(DEL)or triple-expressor lymphoma(TEL).Of the six patients,four had germinal-center B-cell-like lymphoma(GCB),and two had non-GCB.The expression of Ki-67 was＞70％,except for one patient with transformed lymphoma(TL).After treatment with methylprednisolone for about 1 week,all patients'chest CT showed inflammatory absorption.However,one patient developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the process of hormone reduction,and recovered after 27 days of comprehensive treatment with hormones and anti-pneumocystosis therapy.All patients received CDOP regimen(a total of 8 courses)for the treatment of the primary disease,and the process was smooth. Conclusion:R-CDOP regimen may lead to a high incidence of RTX-IP in DLBCL patients(30.0％).The DLBCL patients with DEL or TEL,GCB subtype,TL and high Ki-67 expression were more liable to develop RTX-IP,and the recovery of agranulocytosis may be related to the pathogenesis of RTX-IP.High-resolution CT scan can provide valuable evidence for early diagnosis of RTX-IP.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)helps to distinguish IP from pathogen infections.High dose of glucocorticoids is effective treatment strategy.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of infection in the process of glucocorticoids application.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The clinical data of 431 DLBCL patients admitted to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate time-dependent covariate Cox regression model were constructed. The relationship between the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients was analyzed.Results:The age, tumor diameter, tumor width all met the proportion hazard hypothesis (correlation coefficients were 0.044, -0.015, and -0.680, respectively, all P > 0.05). The effects of disease grade, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased or not, and CD20 positive or not on survival time changed with time change. When the above indicators did not meet the proportional hazard hypothesis, they were time-dependent covariables (all P < 0.05). Time-dependent covariate Cox regression multivariate analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased or not ( χ2 = 13.78, P < 0.001), β 2 microglobulin (β 2-MG) increased or not ( χ2 = 5.36, P = 0.021), tumor diameter ( χ2 = 4.12, P = 0.042) and CD20 positive or not ( χ2 = 7.09, P = 0.008) and ESR increased or not ( χ2 = 5.46, P = 0.019) were independent influencing factors of the death of DLBCL patients. Conclusions:Patients with elevated LDH, increased β 2-MG, tumor diameter, increased ESR and CD20 positive have poor prognosis. Clinicians should take further treatment measures for these patients to reduce the mortality.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and the differences in clinical manifestations and survival between the two main pathological subtypes of PTL.Methods:The clinical data of 52 patients with PTL diagnosed in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics and survival between the two main pathological subtypes [diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT)] were compared.Results:Among 52 PTL patients, there were 12 males and 40 females, with a median age of 65 years old (34-83 years old). All patients presented with anterior cervical mass at the time of visit. MALT was diagnosed in 12 cases (23.1%). DLBCL was diagnosed in 37 cases (71.2%), of which 5 cases were double/triple expression lymphoma. B-cell lymphoma (unclassified) was diagnosed in 2 cases (3.8%). Follicular lymphoma (FL) was diagnosed in 1 case (1.9%). There was statistical difference in the proportion of patients with cervical lymph node enlargement between MALT and DLBCL patients [66.7% (8/12) vs. 94.6% (35/37), χ2 = 4.23, P < 0.05]. The 3-year OS rates of MALT and DLBCL patients were 90.9% and 73.9%, and the difference in OS between the two groups of patients was statistically significant ( χ2 = 5.11, P = 0.024). Conclusions:Pathological subtypes of PTL are related to the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To observe the effects of polishing the anterior and posterior capsule with irrigation/aspiration (I/A) injection needle and capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation on intraocular lens (IOL) capsular stability after phacoemulsification for ultra-high myopia with 2.0 mm coaxial micro incision.Methods:This is a prospective randomized controlled study. There were 40 patients(80 eyes) aged 46-72 years old with ultra-high myopia cataract. The grade of lens opacity was grade II-IV, and the diopter was -10 D - -24 D. During 2.0 mm coaxial micro incision phacoemulsification, adopt coin tossing method randomly, 1 eye was operated using the anterior and posterior capsule polishing 360° with I/A injection needle combined with CTR implantation as the experimental group(40 eyes), the other eye was neither polished nor CTR implantated as the control group(40 eyes). The operation interval of both eyes was less than 1 week. The size of anterior capsular orifice, effective intraocular lens position(ELP), IOL eccentricity and posterior capsular opacification(PCO) were recorded at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after operation in outpatient clinic. Two independent sample t-test and Fisher exact probability test were used to compare the differences between the 2 groups. P<0.05 was defined significant difference. Results:During the follow-up period, there were no significant change in the anterior capsule area, IOL eccentricity and ELP in the experimental group. However in the control group, the anterior capsular area decreased gradually with time, and gradually IOL eccentricity increased and ELP decreased. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in each observation index at 1 week after operation, but it was ELP that first showed the difference tendency( P<0.01). The ELP of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in anterior capsule area and IOL eccentricity between the 2 groups at 1 and 3 months after operation( P>0.05), but there was a significant difference at 6 months( P<0.05). In terms of PCO, the incidence of PCO was 0%, 2.5% and 7.5% in the experimental group and 5.0%, 17.5% and 32.5% in the control group respectively at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation. The incidence of PCO in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ultra-high myopia with cataract are prone to have capsular contraction after operation, which is characterized by IOL instability and anterior capsular orifice narrowing gradually. Combined 360° anterior and posterior capsular polishing with tension ring implantation in operation can effectively maintain the stability of ELP, reduce the degree of contraction of anterior capsular orifice, reduce the eccentricity of IOL and the incidence of PCO. Polishing the anterior and posterior capsule with I/A injection needle combined with CTR implantation, is safe and effective for patients with ultra-high myopia cataract.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between hippocampal cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)signaling pathway and cognitive dysfunction in rats with chronic pathological pain.Methods Thirty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:control group(group C,n=8),sham operation group(group S,n=8)and chronic pathological pain group(group CP,n=16).Chronic pathological pain model was established by injecting cobra venom 0.4 mg(4 μl)into the sheath of the infraorbital nerve.The mechanical pain threshold was measured at 3 days before establishment of the model(baseline)and 4 days and 1,2,3,4 and 8 weeks after establishment of the model.Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities at 5 and 9 weeks after establishment of the model.Eight rats were sacrificed at 5 and 9 weeks after establishment of the model in CP group,and rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test at 9 weeks after establishment of the model in C and S groups.The hippocampi were isolated for determination of the expression of phosphorylated CREB and BDNF in the hippocampal tissues using Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at each time point after establishment of the model,the escape latency was prolonged at 5 and 9 weeks after establishment of the model,the rate of time of staying at the target quadrant was decreased,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and the expression of phosphorylated CREB and BDNF was down-regulated at 9 weeks after establishment of the model in group CP(P<0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group S(P>0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction may be related to inhibited activation of CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats with chronic pathological pain.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feature of primary light chain amyloidosis patients treated with high-dose melphalan with auto peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) and bortezomib plus dexamethasone (VD).

METHODSThirty-eight patients diagnosed from September 2004 to September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively, including 15 cases received auto-PBSCT, 23 cases exposed with VD.

RESULTSThe median follow-up duration for the patients was 34 months (range, 1-112 months), including auto-PBSCT group of 38 months (range, 5-112 months) and VD group of 31 months (range, 1-108 months). The organ response rate in all the patients was 39.5% (15/38), and the organ response rate between these two groups has no significant difference [33.3% (5/15) vs 43.5% (10/23), P=0.532]. However, the median time of organ response was significant difference [6 (3-10) months vs 3 (1-6) months, respectively (P=0.032)]. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the two groups were 72.0% and 66.9%, and their average survival were 84.7 months and 75.9 months, respectively (P=0.683). In the patients with auto-PBSCT, the occurrence of III-IV grade of bone marrow suppression (P<0.001), fever (P<0.001), nausea and infection (P=0.006) were obviously higher than those with VD, but there was no statistically significant difference in pulmonary infection (P=0.069) and bloodstream infection (P=0.059).

CONCLUSIONSThe preliminary results have presented that primary light chain amyloidosis patients treated with auto-PBSCT or VD had similar organ response rate and survival. However, more adverse events occurred in the group of auto-PBSCT.

Amyloidosis ; therapy ; Bortezomib ; therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis ; Melphalan ; therapeutic use ; Myeloablative Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To observe the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula (ZJJF) on the ability of learning and memory and the expressions of JNK, Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus in diabetic rats with depression; To explore the protective mechanism of hippocampal damage in diabetic rats with depression. Methods High-fat gavage combined with intravenous injection of STZ was used to establish the model of diabetic rats. 28 days of chronic stress was given continuously and diabetic rats complicated with depression were built successfully. Then rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including normal, model, positive medicine, high-, medium-, and low-dose of ZJJF groups. After the last administration, Morris water maze was used to detect escape latency time;Western blot was used to disclose the protein expressions of JNK, Bcl-2 and Bax in rat hippocampaus;RT-PCR was used to test the gene expressions of JNK and Bcl-2 and Bax. Results Compared with the normal group, escape latency time in model rats was significant longer (P<0.01), the protein and gene expression of JNK and Bax in rat hippocampaus significantly increased, Bcl-2 was markedly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);Compared with the model group, escape latency time in positive medicine group and high-dose of ZJJF group was significant shorter (P<0.01), the protein and gene expressions of JNK and Bax significantly decreased, and Bcl-2 markedly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion ZJJF can significantly improve the ability of learning and memory in diabetic rats with depression, which might be associated with preventing neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus.

Retrospective analysis was performed for 68 sacroiliac joint pain patients treated at our hospital from June 2007 to March 2012.And 27 patients received sacroiliac joint ozone injection,and others anti-inflammatory and analgesic solution.Both methods can significantly relieve sacroiliac joint pain (P ＜ 0.05).However there was no inter-group difference (P ＞ 0.05).No difference existed in efficacy [(0.51 ±0.03) vs.(0.34 ±0.06) cm],treatment frequency (1.98 ±0.94) vs.(1.82 ±0.88) or hospitalization duration [(14.6 ± 7.0) vs.(14.9 ± 6.4) days] between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Thus sacroiliac joint ozone injection can significantly relieve sacroiliac joint pain and its effect is similar to anti-inflammatory analgesic injection.