This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a low-dose phage cocktail combined with antibiotics on burn wounds in-fected with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Given the risk of sepsis caused by drug-resistant bacteria infection after burns and the limitations of antibiotic monotherapy,we constructed a mouse model of burns combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.A saline control group,phage cocktail monotherapy group,antibiotic monotherapy group,and combined treatment group were examined.The combined treatment group showed a synergistic effect on the 7th day after infection:this group of mice had a sig-nificantly lower pathogenic bacterial load in the skin and liver tissues than observed in the single drug treatment group,and showed the strongest bacterial clearance effect.Histopathological analysis indicated improved structural integrity of the skin tissue,as well as decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells,and no obvious tissue damage,in the combined treatment group.Detection of serum in-flammatory factors indicated that the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased,whereas the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 significantly increased.The combination of low-dose phage cocktail and antibiotics synergistically en-hanced antibacterial activity and ameliorated infection through a dual mechanism of direct removal of pathogens and regulation of the host immune response.Our findings provide an experimental basis for the optimal treatment of wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective To explore the association between oral microbiota and esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods A case-control study design was employed. A total of 309 subjects were recruited, consisting of 159 healthy controls, 32 cases of esophageal basal cell hyperplasia, 32 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 14 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 72 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tongue swab samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The α-diversity and β-diversity of the microbiota were analyzed, and the characteristics of the microbial communities at different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis were compared. The strength of the association was expressed by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results α-diversity analysis indicated significant differences in the observed species number (Sobs) index across various stages of esophageal cancer progression (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the Simpson index was positively correlated with carcinogenesis (P=0.006). β-diversity analysis revealed differences in microbiota structure among the groups. After ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis and adjustment for multiple confounding factors, the relative abundance of Peptostreptococcus (OR: 2.06, 95%CI: 1.22–3.60), Patescibacteria (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.04–1.67), Capnocytophaga (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.05–1.54), and Bacteroidota (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00–1.05) was positively correlated with carcinogenesis. The relative abundance of Stomatobaculum (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.30–1.00) and Actinobacteriota (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92–0.98) was negatively correlated with carcinogenesis. Conclusion Specific oral microbiotas are significantly associated with esophageal carcinogenesis, and synergistic or antagonistic interactions may be observed among the microbiota.

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a low-dose phage cocktail combined with antibiotics on burn wounds in-fected with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Given the risk of sepsis caused by drug-resistant bacteria infection after burns and the limitations of antibiotic monotherapy,we constructed a mouse model of burns combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.A saline control group,phage cocktail monotherapy group,antibiotic monotherapy group,and combined treatment group were examined.The combined treatment group showed a synergistic effect on the 7th day after infection:this group of mice had a sig-nificantly lower pathogenic bacterial load in the skin and liver tissues than observed in the single drug treatment group,and showed the strongest bacterial clearance effect.Histopathological analysis indicated improved structural integrity of the skin tissue,as well as decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells,and no obvious tissue damage,in the combined treatment group.Detection of serum in-flammatory factors indicated that the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased,whereas the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 significantly increased.The combination of low-dose phage cocktail and antibiotics synergistically en-hanced antibacterial activity and ameliorated infection through a dual mechanism of direct removal of pathogens and regulation of the host immune response.Our findings provide an experimental basis for the optimal treatment of wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective: The effect of total flavonoids of litchi (TFL) on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- kappa B) in rat hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) induced by transforming growth factor - beta 1 (TGF- beta 1) in vitro was studied to explore the mechanism of action of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. Methods: HSC-T6 was cultured in vitro, induced by TGFβ1 for 24 h, and then treated with TFL at 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml for 48 h. The effect of TFL on NF-κB nuclear translocation in HSC-T6 was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The effects of TFL on the expression of TLR4, p-IκB ɑ, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB and Collagen I protein were detected by western blot. The expressions of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 were detected by immunofluorescence. Data were presented as mean±SEM. Homogeneity test of variance was performed and then followed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The multiple comparisons between groups were performed by LSD test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed TFL inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in activated HSC-T6 in a concentration-dependent manner and TFL down regulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, p-IκB ɑ, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB and collagen I protein in HSC-T6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion The mechanism of TFL against hepatic fibrosis may be related to the inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-κb in the activated HSC-T6 and the expression of TLR4, P-iκbɑ, P-nf-κb p65, NF-κb and collagen I protein in HSC-T6.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in critical hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods The data from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSChost, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Citation Database, and other references and grey literatures were retrieved, screening out all those related to clinical trials on treating critical HFMD by IVIG.Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the trials.Meta analysis was performed with Rev man 5.3 software.Results Eleven trials including 967 cases were investigated.The meta analysis showed that IVIG had significantly clinical efficacy (OR =6.84,95％ CI:3.74-12.52 ,P ＜ 0.05).IVIG could significantly decrease duration of fever (MD =-1.94,95％ CI:-3.07--0.81 ,P ＜0.05) ,hospitalization time (MD =-4.56,95％ CI:-8.95--0.17,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in duration of fever (MD =-0.28,95 ％ CI:-0.59-0.03, P ＞ 0.05), duration of herpes (MD =0.18,95％ CI:-0.22-0.59, P ＞ 0.05), hospitalization time (MD =-0.12,95％ CI:-0.47-0.23, P ＞ 0.05) when the dosage of injection was adjusted.Conclusions IVIG is recommended for treating critical HFMD because it is effective in decreasing the duration of fever and hospitalization.Well designed studies with more sample in multi-center are required in further study to explore the efficacy and safety of IVIG on critical HFMD.

The five flavours of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)stand for five tastes,such as pungent,sweet,sour,bitter and salt.The five flavours not only stand for the actual tastiness of herbs,but also the effect characteristic of TCM according to traditional medical theory.So this kind of situation led to a disorder of the marking standardization of five flavours.So the authors think that we should mark herbs(or TCM)based on their true tastiness,and this way maybe help us to solve the problem and to research the relationship between the flavours and the effect of the herbs(or TCM).

Objective To investigate correlation between aspirin resistance(AR) and inflammatory factors. Methods One hundred and ten patients with coronary heart disease took aspirin 0.1 mg/d for 14 days.It was detected platelet aggregation function induced with adenosine disphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA), and investigated correlation between AR and inflammatory factors. Interleukin-1? (IL-1?),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) levels. Results IL-6 level of patients with AR was significantly higher than that of aspirin sensitive (AS) patients. The other two index were not different between the two groups. Conclusion IL-6 levels could be used as predictor.