As a model organism that bridges the gap between cells and traditional mammals,the zebrafish has broad application prospects in radiation medicine research.Among its unique advantages are its characteristics of a high homology with human genes,high fertility,short embryonic period,and transparent and easy to observe embryos,making it an important tool in radiation medicine research.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the application of zebrafish to investigate low-dose radiation biological effects,radiation therapy,and radiation damage prevention and treatment,key areas of radiation medicine.In this paper,these applications are reviewed;we explore the value of zebrafish in radiation medicine research and provide a reference for experimental research in related fields.

The applications of nuclear technology in industries, medicine, and other fields have increased the risk of radiation injury. Although some small-molecule drugs for radiation injury treatment have been applied clinically or are in preclinical research, their therapeutic efficacy is significantly limited by short circulation time and rapid metabolism. Nanomaterials have attracted growing attention with their outstanding bioactivity, chemical stability, tissue compatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities, therefore having the promise of offering the potential solutions to the limitations of current small-molecule drugs. However, their biosafety and clinical efficacy require further investigation. This review summarizes the design strategies and classifications of nanomaterials for radiation injury treatment, analyzes current research progress in their therapeutic applications, and introduces nanomaterial-based approaches for enhancing the elimination of internal radionuclide contamination. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of nanomaterials in radiation injury treatment are discussed. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in nanomaterial-based radiation injury therapeutics, thereby promoting further development in this field.

The applications of nuclear technology in industries, medicine, and other fields have increased the risk of radiation injury. Although some small-molecule drugs for radiation injury treatment have been applied clinically or are in preclinical research, their therapeutic efficacy is significantly limited by short circulation time and rapid metabolism. Nanomaterials have attracted growing attention with their outstanding bioactivity, chemical stability, tissue compatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities, therefore having the promise of offering the potential solutions to the limitations of current small-molecule drugs. However, their biosafety and clinical efficacy require further investigation. This review summarizes the design strategies and classifications of nanomaterials for radiation injury treatment, analyzes current research progress in their therapeutic applications, and introduces nanomaterial-based approaches for enhancing the elimination of internal radionuclide contamination. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of nanomaterials in radiation injury treatment are discussed. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in nanomaterial-based radiation injury therapeutics, thereby promoting further development in this field.

As a model organism that bridges the gap between cells and traditional mammals,the zebrafish has broad application prospects in radiation medicine research.Among its unique advantages are its characteristics of a high homology with human genes,high fertility,short embryonic period,and transparent and easy to observe embryos,making it an important tool in radiation medicine research.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the application of zebrafish to investigate low-dose radiation biological effects,radiation therapy,and radiation damage prevention and treatment,key areas of radiation medicine.In this paper,these applications are reviewed;we explore the value of zebrafish in radiation medicine research and provide a reference for experimental research in related fields.

With the extensive application of uranium in military, industrial and civil fields, the possibility of human exposure to uranium has become increasingly likely. When uranium is accidentally released into the environment, it can enter the human body by various pathways and accumulate in the kidneys, leading to proximal tubule epithelial cell damage or even death, and in severe cases, nephrotoxicity. Uranium exerts both chemical and radiological toxicity, with its kidney-damaging effects primarily attributed to chemical toxicity. Low-level uranium exposure causes mild kidney damage, while prolonged or high-level exposure alters kidney structure and biomarker level of uranium-induced nephrotoxicity (such as creatinine, urea nitrogen and kidney injury molecule-1, etc.). Uranium exposure also induces DNA damage and mutations, kidney inflammation, and renal cell autophagy. Current research on uranium nephrotoxicity primarily focuses on uranium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis (mainly by mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathway), ultimately causing renal tissue damage. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying uranium-induced kidney toxicity remain incomplete. Future research on mechanism of uranium-induced cell damage, especially metabolism, intracellular distribution, and additional mechanisms, remains a long-term and challenging endeavor.

A large number of people would be exposed to irradiation in large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents or nuclear terrorist attacks. Therefore, it is urgent to establish rapid and high-throughput biodosimetry for in triage, providing a basis for emergency management. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) possesses the high through put advantages of traditional flow cytometry and the sensitivity and specificity of microscope, and has a good application prospect in the research and development of rapid, automated, and high-throughput biological dose estimation technology. This article reviews the application progress of IFC in biodosimetry, and provides a reference for the development of biological dose estimation and detection equipment for large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents.

Objective To analyze the micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers, and to provide a basis for radiation protection to reduce occupational hazards caused by ionizing radiation. Methods A total of 1072 medical radiation workers were selected into radiation group, and 329 healthy adults who underwent pre-employment occupational physical examination and intended to be radiation workers were selected into control group. The micronucleated lymphocyte frequency was determined by whole blood micro-culture. Results There were no significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between the radiation group and the control group (both P > 0.05). The detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Female radiation workers had significantly higher micronucleated cell frequency, micronucleus frequency, and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities than male radiation workers (all P < 0.001). Between different types of work, significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency (both P < 0.05), but not in the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P > 0.05). Radiation workers with different lengths of working showed significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency (P < 0.05), micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05), and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between different age groups (both P < 0.05). The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency were positively correlated with the age of radiation workers (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The micronucleus frequency of radiation workers was related to the type and length of work, and had a positive correlation with age. Radiation protection should be enhanced for workers engaged in medical radiation for a long period, especially female workers and workers with a long length of service.

This paper summarizes and discusses the research and achievements in the effect of irradiation on extending the shelf life and quality guarantee period of seafood, on the quality of seafood, and on seafood sterilization, and seafood irradiation biological dosimeter study, and defines the concepts related to seafood irradiation. Moreover, we propose that irradiation sterilization on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of cold-chain seafood and seafood irradiation dose control are the main research content and directions.

Health monitoring of radiation workers is an important part of the radiation protection system. Occupational health examination is very important for the safe use of nuclear energy technology. This article analyzes the detection results of radiation-sensitive indicators reported in the literature to investigate the health status of radiation workers and to provide a reference for the further study of sensitive indicators in health monitoring of radiation workers.

Radiation sterilization is one of the most successful applications of ionizing radiation technologies. This paper reviews research on virus inactivation by ionizing radiation, focusing on its use in virus control for food, blood products, and homologous or heterologous tissue repair materials, inactivated viral vaccine preparation, and high-risk virus-related laboratory sample preparation, and also puts forward some thoughts on the application of ionizing radiation technologies in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019.