Objective To fabricate a large-diameter vascular graft with a pore size gradient structure mimicking that of natural blood vessels, using poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as base materials through electrospinning and ultrasonic pore-forming techniques, and to evaluate its application potential. Methods A three-layered tubular graft was fabricated from a PCL/PLLA blend (mass ratio 6 : 4) via electrospinning, followed by an ultrasonic pore-forming process to create a gradient porosity. The resulting graft (diameter: 2 cm, length: 4 cm) was implanted into the descending thoracic aorta of an experimental pig using an end-to-end anastomosis. Graft patency and anastomotic sites were monitored by computed tomography angiography (CTA) at 1 and 6 weeks post-surgery. After 2 months, the graft was explanted for systematic evaluation of vascular regeneration and repair through gross examination, histopathology (H&E and elastic fiber staining), immunohistochemistry [for ETS-related gene (ERG), Actin, and Vimentin], and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Postoperative CTA confirmed excellent graft patency at both 1 and 6 weeks, with no evidence of thrombosis or anastomotic stenosis. Gross examination of the 2-month explant revealed a smooth luminal surface covered by neotissue. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the graft successfully induced the formation of a three-layered structure resembling a native vessel wall, comprising endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry further verified coverage of the luminal surface by endothelial cells (ERG-positive), along with the presence of neosmooth muscle (Actin-positive) and fibroblasts (Vimentin-positive). Endothelial cells were observed adhering to the inner surface of the artificial vessel under SEM. Conclusion The biomimetic, three-layered PLLA/PCL large-diameter vascular graft, constructed via electrospinning and ultrasonic pore-forming, exhibits excellent short-term patency and biocompatibility in a large animal model. More importantly, it demonstrates a significant potential to promote host cell infiltration and achieve in situ regeneration of a three-layered vascular wall structure, providing a promising experimental basis for the development of next-generation functional vascular substitutes.

To explore the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP)on leptospiro-sis induced by pathogenic Leptospira infection,the golden hamster model of leptospirosis was se-lected for the experiment.The Leptospira and Leptospira+ASP groups were intraperitoneally injected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai strain 56601(1 × 10 6 per hamster).After infec-tion,the Leptospira+ASP group was injected intraperitoneally with ASP(50 mg/kg)for three consecutive days,while the Leptospira group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline for three days.The experiment employed methods such as daily observation of the clinical symptoms of golden hamsters,statistics of the survival status of each group of golden hamsters,pathological damage of liver,kidney,and lung,bacterial load in organs,and the expression of inflammatory cy-tokines(IL-1β and TNF-α).The results indicated that ASP could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of the infected hamsters,enhance the survival rate,ameliorate the pathological damage of the body,reduce the bacterial load in various organs,and mitigate tissue inflammation.This study demonstrated for the first time that ASP has a protective effect on leptospirosis,providing medication guidance for the clinical treatment of leptospirosis.

Objective To propose a novel mechanical method and index to in-vivo characterize the health status of cancellous bone during the percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP),and validate its feasibility and consistency.Methods According to the theory of elasticity,the expression and physical significance of the mechanical index K were given.Then using clinical images of the lumbar spine L4,three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical results,as well as the consistency of the methodology and the indexes were verified for studies of different balloon shapes and puncture routes.Results The internal pressure of the balloon linearly varied with the injected fluid volume.The mechanical index K was closely related to the bone shear modulus and could well reflect the health status of cancellous bones.The balloon shape had a trivial influence on the Kresults,and the relative difference between the cylindrical and ellipsoidal shapes was less than 2％.The influence of surgical access route on the K results was also very small,and the relative difference between the routes by vertebral pedicle and by lateral margin of vertebral pedicle was less than 0.5％.Conclusions The in-vivo mechanical method and the mechanical index K can characterize the bone health of patients with good consistency.This study has a great significance for providing guidelines of the optimization of PKP operation plan and postoperative rehabilitation,collecting in vivo data of bone mechanical properties,and improving the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in clinic.

Objective:To carry out a systematic review of the development, introduction or validation of drug literacy assessment tools for adults at home and abroad, and to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the assessment tools.Methods:The research framework of the scoping review was used to systematically search 8 Chinese and English databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search period was from database establishment to October 31, 2023. Studies on adult drug literacy assessment tools were screened and included, tool characteristics were extracted and analyzed, and ultimately the extracts were standardized for reporting.Results:A total of 31 articles that met the criteria were included, of which 26 were on the development and validation of assessment tools, three were on the localization and application of assessment tools, and two were on the revision of assessment tools, covering 33 assessment tools.Conclusions:It is needed to recognize the importance of drug literacy assessment, actively explore the diversity of drug literacy assessment tools, clarify the limitations of existing drug literacy assessment tools, further improve the reliability and validity of existing tools, continue to develop and introduce assessment tools suitable for China's national conditions, so as to increase the accuracy of drug literacy assessment.

To explore the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP)on leptospiro-sis induced by pathogenic Leptospira infection,the golden hamster model of leptospirosis was se-lected for the experiment.The Leptospira and Leptospira+ASP groups were intraperitoneally injected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai strain 56601(1 × 10 6 per hamster).After infec-tion,the Leptospira+ASP group was injected intraperitoneally with ASP(50 mg/kg)for three consecutive days,while the Leptospira group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline for three days.The experiment employed methods such as daily observation of the clinical symptoms of golden hamsters,statistics of the survival status of each group of golden hamsters,pathological damage of liver,kidney,and lung,bacterial load in organs,and the expression of inflammatory cy-tokines(IL-1β and TNF-α).The results indicated that ASP could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of the infected hamsters,enhance the survival rate,ameliorate the pathological damage of the body,reduce the bacterial load in various organs,and mitigate tissue inflammation.This study demonstrated for the first time that ASP has a protective effect on leptospirosis,providing medication guidance for the clinical treatment of leptospirosis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of non-ECG-gated scan using wide-body detector in left atrial computed tomo-graphy angiography(CTA)and to assess its value in evaluating left atrial appendage closure(LAAC)outcomes.Methods Patients who underwent LAAC and completed left atrial CTA were prospectively selected.Participants were randomly divided into groups A and B.In group A,the heart rate was measured using a finger clip oximeter before the examination,and the heart rate was set as the simula-ted heart rate.The simulated signal was generated by the CT equipment to complete the examination.In group B,the conventional ECG-gated scan was adopted.The residual leakage of left atrial appendage occluder,image quality,patient comfort and radiation dose of the two groups were compared,and statistical analysis was performed for these indicators.Results Both groups completed the evaluation of the endothelialization degree of the left atrial appendage occluder,and there was no significant difference in the objective image quality evaluation or subjective image score between the two groups(P＞0.05).The total scores of the physiological dimension,psy-chological dimension,social cultural dimension and environmental dimension of patients in group A were higher than those in group B(P＜0.001),and the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose length product(DLP)decreased by 25％and 25.36％respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Conclusion During the left atrial CTA examination,the wide-body detector with non-ECG-gated scan mode can provide good image quality for clinical use and observe the embolization of the left atrial appendage after LAAC surgery.At the same time,it can effectively reduce the radiation dose for patients and improve patient comfort dur-ing the examination,showing high clinical feasibility and appli-cation value.

Objective:To carry out a systematic review of the development, introduction or validation of drug literacy assessment tools for adults at home and abroad, and to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the assessment tools.Methods:The research framework of the scoping review was used to systematically search 8 Chinese and English databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search period was from database establishment to October 31, 2023. Studies on adult drug literacy assessment tools were screened and included, tool characteristics were extracted and analyzed, and ultimately the extracts were standardized for reporting.Results:A total of 31 articles that met the criteria were included, of which 26 were on the development and validation of assessment tools, three were on the localization and application of assessment tools, and two were on the revision of assessment tools, covering 33 assessment tools.Conclusions:It is needed to recognize the importance of drug literacy assessment, actively explore the diversity of drug literacy assessment tools, clarify the limitations of existing drug literacy assessment tools, further improve the reliability and validity of existing tools, continue to develop and introduce assessment tools suitable for China's national conditions, so as to increase the accuracy of drug literacy assessment.

Objective To propose a novel mechanical method and index to in-vivo characterize the health status of cancellous bone during the percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP),and validate its feasibility and consistency.Methods According to the theory of elasticity,the expression and physical significance of the mechanical index K were given.Then using clinical images of the lumbar spine L4,three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical results,as well as the consistency of the methodology and the indexes were verified for studies of different balloon shapes and puncture routes.Results The internal pressure of the balloon linearly varied with the injected fluid volume.The mechanical index K was closely related to the bone shear modulus and could well reflect the health status of cancellous bones.The balloon shape had a trivial influence on the Kresults,and the relative difference between the cylindrical and ellipsoidal shapes was less than 2％.The influence of surgical access route on the K results was also very small,and the relative difference between the routes by vertebral pedicle and by lateral margin of vertebral pedicle was less than 0.5％.Conclusions The in-vivo mechanical method and the mechanical index K can characterize the bone health of patients with good consistency.This study has a great significance for providing guidelines of the optimization of PKP operation plan and postoperative rehabilitation,collecting in vivo data of bone mechanical properties,and improving the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in clinic.

Benign biliary strictures are frequently encountered after liver transplantation or as a result of iatrogenic injury, among others. Complex and refractory benign biliary obstructions refer to biliary strictures that persist or treatment fails despite multiple endoscopic therapies. Traditional endoscopic approaches demonstrate suboptimal therapeutic effects in treating such patients, with a high recurrence rate. Moreover, surgical operations are highly invasive, and the outcomes are also unsatisfactory. The magnetic dilation technology establishes an external drainage sinus tract via percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and positions a magnet above the obstructed biliary tract; through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, another magnet is placed beneath the obstructed biliary tract. The two magnets mutually attract each other, exerting pressure on the scar tissue in the middle of the magnets, causing it to gradually become ischemic, necrotic, and detached, and subsequently discharged along with the magnets. The biliary epithelial cells surrounding the magnets gradually repair and heal, ultimately forming a new patent anastomosis. The magnetic dilation technology, through slow compression, realizes the concurrent process of “removing” scars and healing, avoiding severe local inflammatory responses and excessive tissue hyperplasia. Consequently, the magnetic dilation technology possesses advantages such as minimally invasiveness and reliable effects, gradually emerging as an effective modality for treating complex and refractory benign biliary stricture cases.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of non-ECG-gated scan using wide-body detector in left atrial computed tomo-graphy angiography(CTA)and to assess its value in evaluating left atrial appendage closure(LAAC)outcomes.Methods Patients who underwent LAAC and completed left atrial CTA were prospectively selected.Participants were randomly divided into groups A and B.In group A,the heart rate was measured using a finger clip oximeter before the examination,and the heart rate was set as the simula-ted heart rate.The simulated signal was generated by the CT equipment to complete the examination.In group B,the conventional ECG-gated scan was adopted.The residual leakage of left atrial appendage occluder,image quality,patient comfort and radiation dose of the two groups were compared,and statistical analysis was performed for these indicators.Results Both groups completed the evaluation of the endothelialization degree of the left atrial appendage occluder,and there was no significant difference in the objective image quality evaluation or subjective image score between the two groups(P＞0.05).The total scores of the physiological dimension,psy-chological dimension,social cultural dimension and environmental dimension of patients in group A were higher than those in group B(P＜0.001),and the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose length product(DLP)decreased by 25％and 25.36％respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Conclusion During the left atrial CTA examination,the wide-body detector with non-ECG-gated scan mode can provide good image quality for clinical use and observe the embolization of the left atrial appendage after LAAC surgery.At the same time,it can effectively reduce the radiation dose for patients and improve patient comfort dur-ing the examination,showing high clinical feasibility and appli-cation value.