Objective To identify factors associated with gastrointestinal heat retention in preschool children,and to provide a foundational understanding for future clinical investigations. Methods A case-control study was performed,which involved children from kindergartens in the Longgang District of Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,from May to July 2021. Using the Children's Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Diagnostic Self-assessment Scale,subjects were allocated into a case group (children diagnosed with gastrointestinal heat retention) and a control group (children without this condition). An online survey was used to collect data on dietary behaviors,caregivers' feeding behaviors,early antibiotic use,daily routines,and birth conditions. SPSS 27.0 software was used to facilitate precise sociodemographic matching and paired logistic regression analysis to explore the association between gastrointestinal heat retention and the above factors. Results From the analysis of 51,252 matched cases,the study found that several factors contributed to an increased risk of gastrointestinal heat retention. These factors included reduced food intake compared to peers,reports of picky eating by caregivers,distractions during meals,pronounced dietary preferences,disinterest in food,meal durations ≥ 25 min,reluctance to sample new foods,consistent refusal of specific food types for over one month,irregular meal locations,coercive feeding practices,use of micronutrient supplements,allowing children too much freedom in food choice,persuading children to eat,infrequent encouragement to experiment with new foods,early antibiotic introduction,inadequate sleep,and premature birth (P<0.05). In contrast,exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months,engagement in moderate to massive physical activity,and regular napping patterns were associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal heat retention (P<0.05). Conclusion The suboptimal dietary habits,improper feeding practices,insufficient physical activity,inadequate sleep,and premature antibiotic exposure may be significant risk factors for gastrointestinal heat retention. Future research dedicated to unraveling the cause of gastrointestinal heat retention should prioritize these elements.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in China from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the leptospirosis control strategy. Methods All data pertaining to clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases of leptospirosis reported in China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022 was collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System. The spatial, temporal and population distributions, and report and diagnosis institutions of leptospirosis cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 4 559 leptospirosis cases were reported in China from 2010 to 2022, with an annual average number of 351 cases, and the number of reported leptospirosis cases reduced from 679 cases in 2010 to 158 cases in 2018. A total of 4 276 leptospirosis cases were reported in Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guangdong Province, Hunan Province, Fujian Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province, accounting for 93.79% of the total number of leptospirosis cases in China. The number of leptospirosis cases had recently appeared a remarkable decline in Yunnan Province, while a significant rise was seen in the number of leptospirosis cases in two provinces of Zhejiang and Guangdong. No leptospirosis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020; however, there were 5 cases and 2 cases reported in 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was only one leptospirosis case reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2017; however, leptospirosis cases were reported in the province for 5 consecutive years since 2018. Leptospirosis cases were reported throughout the year in China from 2010 to 2022, with the peak of incidence found during the period between August and October, and the peak of leptospirosis incidence varied in provinces. A higher number of leptospirosis cases was seen among men than among women, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1, and the median age of leptospirosis cases was 50 years (interquartile range, 23 years), with the highest proportion of leptospirosis cases reported at ages of 51 to 60 years (23.21%). Among all reported leptospirosis cases, 53.28% were confirmed cases, and the proportion of confirmed cases increased from 35.05% in 2010 to 61.66% in 2022. In addition, there were 67.22% of leptospirosis cases (2 937 cases) reported by comprehensive hospitals, 20.44% (893 cases) by disease control and prevention institutions, 7.23% (316 cases) by grassroots healthcare institutions and 5.10% (223 cases) by other healthcare and medical institutions, and the mortality of reported leptospirosis cases was 1.07% in China from 2010 to 2022, with a higher mortality seen among men than among women (1.39% vs. 0.36%; χ² = 9.52, P = 0.002). Conclusions The incidence of leptospirosis remained at a low level in China from 2010 to 2022, and southern China was still the main endemic area for leptospirosis. The epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis cases varied in endemic provinces, and leptospirosis cases had been continued to be reported in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, which should be paid much attention to. Intensified surveillance of leptospirosis, improved diagnosis and treatment capability of leptospirosis cases and leptospirosis control with adaptations to local circumstance are recommended.

Objective:To analyze the surveillance data of population in rabies exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) clinics in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023, explore risk factors for exposure, and provide a basis for further standardizing PEP.Methods:Based on surveillance data from the rabies exposure treatment clinic vaccination information system, population, and spatial administrative division data in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023, descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze using SPSS 18.0.Results:The number of individuals receiving post-exposure treatment at PEP clinics in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023 was over 1 million annually and showed an increasing trend year by year, with the highest number of visits occurring from May to August each year. The number of female patients is increasing year by year. The 15-year-old and younger age group accounted for 31.69%-36.86% of clinic visits. Grade Ⅲ exposures accounted for 53.40%, and limbs accounted for approximately 89.81% of exposed areas. Approximately 1.94% is multi site exposure. The main injuring animals were dogs, followed by cats, and the proportion of cats is increasing year by year. The proportion of doctor′s office visitors who self-treated wounds increased from 32.32% to 45.46%, while the proportion of outpatient wound treatment decreased from 76.07% to 66.24%. The whole course vaccination rate after initial exposure is 63.79%. The whole course vaccination rate for the 15-29-year-old age group was lower than that for other age groups. The usage rate of passive immune preparations among grade Ⅲ exposed individuals is 35.66%. From 2019 to 2023, 8 cases of rabies were reported, none of whom received standard post-exposure treatment.Conclusions:The epidemic characteristics and exposure risk of people exposed to suspected rabies animals in Shandong province have changed. It is necessary to pay attention to the female population, the population with low vaccination rate between 15 to 29 years of age, cat bitten people, and carry out continuous monitoring on the exposed population, and timely adjust the prevention and control strategies.

Background::Data on the glycemic profile of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the perinatal period are sparse. This study described the intrapartum and early postpartum glucose profiles among pregnant women with GDM, and analyzed factors potentially affecting glycemic parameters during the period.Methods::This was a prospective observational study conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. Pregnant women with GDM receiving lifestyle interventions alone during pregnancy and matched women with non-diabetic pregnancies (NDPs) were enrolled from among patients admitted to the obstetrics department for childbirth. Glucose monitoring was performed via a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system on admission, and glucose readings during labor and early postpartum were analyzed. The clinical characteristics and FGM-based parameters of participants in the two groups were compared.Results::A total of 124 participants (mean age: 29.5 ± 3.5 years, 92 [74.2%] primipara) were included in the final analysis. A total of 17,571 glucose readings were retrieved. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the GDM ( n = 60) and NDP ( n = 64) groups. The average glucose level was 92.2 mg/dL, and the level was higher in the GDM group (95.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL vs. 89.1 ± 13.4 mg/dL, P = 0.008) during the intrapartum and early postpartum periods. The data were split into the intrapartum period (from the start of labor to delivery of the placenta) and the early postpartum period (within 24 h after placental delivery) for analysis. During intrapartum, women with GDM exhibited glycemic profiles and fluctuations similar to those in the NDP group. However, women with GDM had higher postpartum glucose levels (97.7 ± 13.4 mg/dL vs. 90.8 ± 15.3 mg/dL, P = 0.009), a longer time spent >140 mg/dL (8.7 ± 9.3% vs. 5.9 ± 10.3%, P = 0.011), and greater glycemic fluctuations than those with NDP. Postpartum hyperglycemia in GDM might be associated with high parity and postprandial glucose abnormalities in GDM screening tests. Conclusion::Compared to those with normoglycemia, pregnant women with GDM receiving lifestyle interventions alone had similar intrapartum glucose profiles but higher early postpartum glucose levels and greater glucose variability, providing evidence for modification of the current perinatal glucose monitoring strategy for GDM.Trial Registration::ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030972

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal aggregation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shandong Province, and to provide reference for formulating reasonable prevention and control strategies.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect HFRS surveillance data and confirmed case data in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020 in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Surveillance System". Geoda 1.18 software was used for global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, SaTScan 9.6 software was used for spatio-temporal scanning analysis, and ArcGis 10.7 software was used for map drawing and visual display.Results:A total of 3 753 cases of HFRS were reported in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020, including 56 deaths. The annual incidence rate was 1.26/100 000, 1.22/100 000, 0.75/100 000 and 0.53/100 000, respectively, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.94/100 000. The incidence of HFRS was obviously seasonal, mainly concentrated in autumn and winter from October to December, accounting for 50.41% (1 892/3 753). The age of onset was mainly 30-59 years old, accounting for 61.68% (2 315/3 753). The male to female ratio was 2.76 ∶ 1.00 (2 756 ∶ 997). The occupation distribution was mainly farmers, accounting for 81.99% (3 077/3 753). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that HFRS showed spatial aggregation areas in each year from 2017 to 2020 (Moran' I = 0.38, 0.33, 0.59, 0.46, Z = 7.47, 7.23, 10.69, 8.66, P < 0.001). The local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that "high-high" aggregation areas were mainly concentrated in central and southeast of Shandong Province, while "low-low" aggregation areas were mainly concentrated in northwest of Shandong Province. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis revealed 1 type Ⅰ agglomerations and 2 type Ⅱ aggregation areas. The type Ⅰ aggregation areas occurred from October to November 2018, covering 22 counties (districts) of 5 cities in Qingdao, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai and Rizhao. The first type Ⅱ aggregation area occurred from October to November 2017, involving 23 counties (districts) of 8 cities in Jinan, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Weifang, Jining, Tai 'an, Rizhao and Linyi. The second type Ⅱ aggregation area occurred in Jinxiang County, Jining City from February to March 2017. Conclusion:The incidence of HFRS in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020 has obvious spatio-temporal aggregation, and the hot spots are concentrated in central and southeast of Shandong Province, which should be regarded as a key area for prevention and control of HFRS.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of psychological capital between occupational fatigue and occupational burnout in nurses of the Operating Room, so as to provide a reference for alleviating nurses' occupational burnout.Methods:From October to December 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 230 nurses of Operating Room from 5 ClassⅢ hospitals in Changchun City as the research object. The General Information Questionnaire, Occupational Fatigue Scale, Psychological Capital Scale, and Occupational Burnout Scale were used to evaluate nurses in the Operating Room. The influence of psychological capital and occupational fatigue on occupational burnout was analyzed. Taking occupational fatigue as the independent variable, psychological capital as the mediating variable, and occupational burnout as the dependent variable, the structural equation model was used to test the mediating effect of psychological capital.Results:A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed, and 212 questionnaires were effectively returned. Among 212 nurses in the Operating Room, the scores of occupational fatigue, psychological capital and occupational burnout were (18.27±4.16) , (80.16±14.48) and (68.48±12.82) respectively. Occupational fatigue and occupational burnout of nurses in the Operating Room were positively correlated ( r=0.648, P<0.01) , psychological capital was negatively correlated with occupational burnout ( r=-0.589, P<0.01) , and occupational fatigue was negatively correlated with psychological capital ( r=-0.584, P<0.01) . The hierarchical linear regression results showed that occupational fatigue had a positive predictive effect on occupational burnout ( P<0.01) , while psychological capital had a negative predictive effect ( P<0.01) . The mediating effect of psychological capital between occupational fatigue and occupational burnout of nurses in the Operating Room was 0.18, accounting for 34.61% of the total effect. Conclusions:The psychological capital of nurses in the Operating Room plays a part of the intermediary role between occupational fatigue and occupational burnout. Improving the psychological capital of nurses in the Operating Room can help reduce their level of occupational burnout.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different fecal bacterial preservation time on the efficacy and complications of FMT.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 483 patients with slow transit constipation undergoing voluntary FMT at Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center from August 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the storage time of fecal bacterial samples used in FMT treatment, the cases were divided into fresh bacterial solution ( n=29), bacterial solution stored at -80℃ for 1 week ( n=187), 1 month ( n=121), 3 months ( n=89), 6 months ( n=38), and 12 months (n=19). The total number of complete bowel movement, Wexner constipation score, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), FMT satisfaction score and related adverse reactions were summarized and compared among groups 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data of patients among different bacterial solution storage time (all P>0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the overall frequency of defecation of all the patients was (3.83 ± 1.22) times/week, Wexner constipation score was (6.74 ± 3.56) points, GIQLI score was (108.76 ± 15.38) points, clinical cure rate was 57.8% (279/483). The improvement rate was 66.3% (320/483), and the treatment satisfaction was (3.85 ± 0.93) points. No severe FMT-associated complication and death were observed during treatment and follow-up period. FMT-related adverse events occurred in 115 cases (23.8%), including nausea in 25 cases (5.2%), vomiting in 13 (2.7%), diarrhea in 21 (4.3%), abdominal pain in 16 (3.3%), abdominal distension in 33 (6.8%), sore throat in 56 (11.6%) and fever in 16(3.3%), all of which relieved after symptomatic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of defecations, Wexner constipation scores, and GIQLI scores before FMT, 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment among different bacterial solution storage groups (all P>0.05). Differences of clinical cure rate, clinical improvement rate, and treatment satisfaction of patients 1 week and 1 month after treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the groups, differences in the overall complications and types of complications after FMT treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions:FMT is safe and effective in the treatment of slow transit constipation. Fresh fecal bacterial samples or fecal bacterial samples frozen at -80℃ for 1 year can be safely applied to FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation, with stable short-term efficacy and without serious adverse reactions.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the different route administration for slow transit constipation (STC).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 270 STC patients who voluntarily received FMT treatment in the Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from May 2018 to May 2019 were collected. Non-relative healthy adult standard donors were applied. The treatment routes of bacterial flora transplantation included nasojejunal tube (nasal enteral tube group, 120 cases), oral enterobacterial capsule treatment (oral capsule group, 120 cases), and colonoscopy infusion (colonoscopy group, 30 cases). The efficacy and safety of treatment among the three groups were compared.Results:Transplanted bacteria of three groups were extracted from 100 g of fresh feces. All the patients successfully completed the transplantation. The waiting time for the nasal enteral tube group, oral capsule group and colonoscopy group was (1.5±0.5) d, (0.4±0.3) d and (3.6±0.8) d respectively; the cost of establishing the transplantation path was (495±20) yuan, (25±10) yuan and (1420±45) yuan respectively, whose differences were statistically significant ( F=9.210, P=0.03; F=10.600, P=0.01). The clinical improvement rates at 1 month after FMT treatment in the nasojejunal tube group, oral capsule group and colonoscopy group were 74.2% (89/120), 60.0% (72/120) and 53.3% (16/30) respectively, whose difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.990, P<0.05). The clinical improvement rates at 3 months after treatment were 71.1% (69/97), 53.6% (45/84), and 44.0% (11/25) respectively, whose difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.620, P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the colonoscopy group was 76.7% (23/30), which was higher than that in the nasal nasojejunal group (39.2%, 47/120) and oral capsule group (21.7%, 26/120). The most common adverse reactions in the nasojejunal tube group, oral capsule group and colonoscopy group were respiratory discomfort (17.5%, 21/120), nausea and vomiting (10.0%, 12/120), and diarrhea (36.7%, 11/30). During the 3-month follow-up after treatment, no FMT-related adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions:The nasojejunal tube route has stable clinical efficacy and operability, while the oral capsule route has shorter waiting time and less cost. However, the adverse reactions caused by different transplantation methods are different, thus personalized transplantation method should be recommended.

Objective:To investigate the effect of intestinal preparation on the efficacy and complications of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical and follow-up data of 1501 patients who received FMT in the department of Colorectal Disease Specialty, Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Tenth People′s Hospital, Tongji University from February 2018 to June 2019 were collected retrospectively. According to the intestinal preparation before FMT treatment, patients were divided into non-intestinal preparation group ( n=216), antibiotic pretreatment group ( n=383), intestinal cleansing group ( n=267), and antibiotic combined with intestinal cleansing group ( n=635). The adverse reactions after FMT treatment and the effective rates at 4-week and 8-week after treatment among the groups were compared. Patients, who repeated FMT treatment in the 3rd month and the 6th month due to reduced efficacy or ineffectiveness were divided into two subgroups: without intestinal preparation group and with intestinal preparation group. The effective rates of the two subgroups were compared. Results:Of the 1501 cases, 588 were male and 913 were female with mean age of (43.3±13.7) years and body mass index of (20.2±2.1) kg/m 2. Transplantation course was (3.3±1.7) weeks. The underlying diseases mainly included constipation ( n=564), Crohn's disease ( n=157), ulcerative colitis ( n=142), irritable bowel syndrome ( n=158), recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) ( n=106), autism ( n=84), radiation intestinal injury ( n=133), radiation enteritis ( n=133), and non-CDI chronic diarrhea ( n=60); the remaining cases ( n=155). Baseline data among the 4 groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). The overall morbidity of complication was 31.1% (467/1501), including 41 cases of vomiting (2.7%), 91 of nausea (6.1%), 49 of diarrhea (3.3%), 41 of abdominal pain (2.7%), 79 of bloating (5.3%), 72 of throat pain (4.8%), 38 of dizziness (2.5%), 51 of fever (3.4%), 3 of pulmonary infection (0.2%) and 2 of intestinal infection (0.1%). The above symptoms disappeared after symptomatic treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the 4 groups ( P>0.05). After 4-week of FMT treatment, the overall effective rate was 63.5% (902/1420); the effective rate of non-intestinal preparation group, antibiotic pretreatment group, intestinal cleaning group, and antibiotic combined with intestinal cleansing groupwas 57.6% (114/198), 64.2% (231/360), 60.2% (154/265) and 66.5% (403/606), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ 2=6.659, P=0.084). After 8-week of FMT treatment, the overall effective rate was 61.3% (729/1293); the effective rate of non-intestinal preparation group, antibiotic pretreatment group, intestinal cleaning group, and antibiotic combined with intestinal cleansing group was 54.0% (88/163), 62.2% (202/325), 57.4% (132/230) and 64.4% (370/575), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ 2=13.620, P=0.003). The effective rates of antibiotic combined with intestinal cleansing group and antibiotic pretreatment group were obviously higher than that of non-intestinal preparation group (χ 2=5.789, P=0.016; χ 2=10.117, P=0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that in the third month, the effective rate at 4-week after treatment was 60.1% (184/306) in the without intestinal preparation group and 61.5% (115/187) in the with intestinal preparation group, whose difference was not significant (χ 2=0.091, P=0.763); however, in the sixth month, the effective rate at 4-week after treatment was 51.4% (89/173) in the without intestinal preparation group and 61.2% (161/263) in the with intestinal preparationgroup, whose difference was significant (χ 2=4.229, P=0.040). Conclusions:FMT treatment is safe and effective. The combination of antibiotics and intestinal cleaning can improve overall efficacy of FMT. For patients who need repeated FMT treatment, the combination of antibiotics and intestinal cleaning program within 3 months has no significant effect on the effective rate, but in the sixth month, combinedpreparation is necessary.

Objective:To examine the association between the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in recipients and the choice of donor, and to observe the characteristics of intestinal flora and metabolites among different donors.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Donor whose feces was administrated for more than 30 recipients was enrolled. Data of 20 FMT donors and corresponding recipients at Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Tenth People′s Hospital from October 2018 to December 2019 were collected retrospectively. During follow-up, the efficacy of each recipient 8-week after FMT treatment was recorded and analyzed. Based on the efficacy of each donor, the donors were divided into three groups: high efficacy group (effective rate >60%, 10 donors), moderate efficacy group (effective rate 30%-60%, 6 donors) and low efficacy group (effective rate <30%, 4 donors). The structure of the bacterial flora and the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids in each group of donors were detected and compared among groups. Association of the efficacy of each donor group with the morbidity of complications, and association of efficacy of recipients with donors were analyzed. The evaluation indicators of FMT efficacy included objective clinical effectiveness and/or subjective effectiveness. Objective effectiveness indicated clinical cure plus clinical improvement, and subjective effectiveness indicated marked effectiveness plus medium effectiveness through questionnaire during follow-up.Results:A total of 1387 recipients were treated by 20 donors, including 749 cases of chronic constipation, 141 cases of chronic diarrhea, 107 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 121 cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 83 cases of autism, and 186 cases of other diseases, such as radiation bowel injury, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, paralytic intestinal obstruction, functional bloating and allergic diseases. There were 829 cases, 403 cases, and 155 cases in high efficacy group, moderate efficacy group and low efficacy group respectively. Baseline data among 3 groups were not significantly different (all P> 0.05). In comparison of bacterial abundance (operational taxonomic unit, OTU) among different effective donor groups, the high efficacy group was the highest (330.68±57.28), the moderate efficacy group was the second (237.79±41.89), and the low efficacy group was the lowest (160.60±49.61), whose difference was statistically significant ( F=16.910, P<0.001). In comparison of bacterial diversity (Shannon index), the high efficacy group and the moderate efficacy group were higher (2.96±0.36 and 2.67±0.54, respectively), and the low efficacy group was lower (2.09±0.55), whose difference was statistically significant ( F=5.255, P=0.017). In comparison of butyric acid content among three groups, the high efficacy group had the highest [(59.20±9.00) μmol/g], followed by middle efficacy group [(46.92±9.48) μmol/g], and the low efficacy group had the lowest [(37.23±5.03) μmol/g], whose difference was statistically significant ( F=10.383, P=0.001). The differences of acetic acid and propionic acid among three groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). A total of 418 cases developed complications (30.1%). Morbidity of complication in low efficacy group, moderate efficacy group and high efficacy group was 40.6% (63/155), 30.0% (121/403) and 28.2% (243/829) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=9.568, P=0.008). The incidence of diarrhea in low efficacy group, moderate efficacy group and high efficacy group was 7.1% (11/155), 4.0% (16/403) and 2.8% (23/829) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.239, P=0.027). Comparing the incidences of other types of complications, no statistically significant differences were found (all P>0.05). Follow up began 8 weeks after the FMT treatment. The total follow-up rate was 83.6% (1160/1387). The overall effective rate 58.3% (676/1160). Effective rates of various diseases were as follows: chronic constipation 54.3% (328/604), chronic diarrhea 88.5% (115/130), IBD 56.1% (55/98), IBS 55.1% (59/107), autism 61.6% (45/73), and other diseases 50.0% (74/148). Comparing the effective rate of three groups of donors for different diseases, there was no statistically significant difference in chronic diarrhea ( P>0.05); there was a positive correlation trend in IBD, IBS and autism, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). For chronic constipation and other diseases, high efficacy group had the highest effective rate [65.0% (243/374) and 63.2% (55/87)], followed by moderate efficacy group [49.4% (86/174) and 38.1% (16/42)], and low efficacy group had the lowest [16.1% (9/56) and 15.8% (3/19)], whose differences were significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Different donors have different efficacy in different diseases. Chronic constipation, radiation bowel injury, etc. need to choose donors with high efficacy. IBD, IBS and autism may also be related to the effectiveness of donors, while chronic diarrhea is not associated to the donor. The efficiency of the donor is negatively correlated to the morbidity of complications. The abundance and diversity of intestinal flora and the content of butyric acid may affect the efficacy of the donor.