Objective:To establish a new method and platform for screening, identifying, and exploring a new strategy for anti-hepatitis B immunotherapy based on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific TCR.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with acute hepatitis B. CD3 +CD8 +CD137 +T single cells were sorted out after stimulation with the HBsAg peptide library. The α and β chains in TCRs of single cells were amplified by PCR. TCR double-chain pairing and lentiviral packaging were performed through high-throughput sequencing. Re-infected Jurkat-76-NFAT-GFP cells and the cell lines stably expressing TCR were screened. HBsAg peptide library and immortalized B lymphocytes co-cultured with J76N-TCR were used to screen HBsAg-specific TCRs. K562 cell lines stably expressing HLA-A*24:02 were established to determine epitope peptide by screening A*24:02-restricted TCR. The screened TCRs were replaced with mouse C regions and packaged with lentiviruses. Functional validation was performed on healthy human CD4 +T and CD8 +T lymphocytes following infection. Results:Stable TCR-expressing cell lines were successfully prepared based on single-cell TCRαβ double-chain amplification and pairing technology. Twenty-one TCRs were screened using immortalized B lymphocytes, resulting in nine possible HLA-A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCRs. Further screening with K562-A2402 resulted in six A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCRs with identically recognized epitope peptide. The functional determination of the two TCR clones revealed their specific recognition function for target cells expressing HBsAg.Conclusion:HLA-A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCR with recognition function for target cells expressing HBsAg was successfully obtained based on the new experimental technology system, laying an important foundation for further exploration of antiviral immunotherapy based on HBV-specific TCR.

Objective:To deeply analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases.Methods:The incidence data of notifiable intestinal infectious diseases in China from 2013 to 2022 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the distributions of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and the annual change rate and seasonal index were calculated.Results:During 2013-2022, intestinal infectious diseases were reported nationwide, with the cases accounting for 43.50% of all notifiable infectious disease cases. The average reported incidence rate was 224.50/100 000, showing a decreasing trend year by year (average annual percent change=-6.45%, t=-2.76, P=0.025). The top 5 intestinal infectious diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (130.40/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (80.18/100 000), dysentery (7.45/100 000), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (2.49/100 000) and viral hepatitis E (1.92/100 000). The incidences of dysentery, HFMD, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever, viral hepatitis A and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis all showed decreasing trends year by year (all P<0.05), while the incidences of hepatitis E and other infectious diarrhea showed no significant changes with year (both P>0.05). The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was high during May to October, with the peak in June. The incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was significantly higher in men than in women (all P<0.05). The HFMD, other infectious diarrhea and dysentery cases were mainly children aged 0-5 years, while the cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases were mainly farmers aged ≥20 years. The annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in southern provinces (283.66/100 000) than in northern provinces (142.63/100 000), and the annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in coastal provinces (279.52/100 000) than in inland provinces (181.78/100 000), the differences were all significant (both P<0.001). Conclusions:During 2013-2022, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases decreased significantly in China, with HFMD and other infectious diarrhea as the main diseases. Strengthened surveillance for intestinal infectious diseases should be carried out in key groups, such as children living scatteredly and farmers, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemiological characteristics of different diseases to effectively reduce the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p38 on stem cell maintenance of pancreatic cancer. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 were treated with different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)(0.5×IC₅₀, IC₅₀, and 2×IC₅₀) for 24 hours, and VX-702 (p38 phosphorylation inhibitor) was added, and the cells were inoculated in 6-well culture dishes with ultra-low adhesion to observe the changes of sphere tumors. The expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2), cyclin B1 and D1, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT4), SRY-box transcription factor 2(SOX2), Nanog and p38 were measured by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of p38, OCT4, Nanog and SOX2 were tested by RT-PCR. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and the proportion of CD44⁺CD133⁺PANC-1 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The results showed that 5-FU inhibited the formation of tumor spheres in PANC-1 cells, increased CD44⁺CD133⁺cell fragments, down-regulated the expression of OCT4, Nanog and SOX2, and inhibited the stemness maintenance of PANC-1 tumor stem cells. Phosphorylation of PANC-1 cells was inhibited by a highly selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, VX-702(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor), which had the same effect as 5-FU treatment. When VX-702 combined with 5-FU was used to treat PANC-1 cells, the therapeutic effect was enhanced. Conclusion p38 inhibitors decreased PANC-1 cell activity and increased cell apoptosis. p38 inhibitors inhibit the stemness maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells.
Humans ; Phosphorylation/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects* ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics*

Objective To investigate the early dynamic changes of biomarkers associated with capillary leak syndrome(CLS)in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and their correlation with multiple organ failure(MOF).Methods A total of 171 SAP patients admitted to the West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis,West China Hospital,Sichuan University between September 1,2019 and December 31,2020 were enrolled for this study.The patients were divided into MOF and non-MOF groups based on the occurrence of MOF in the first 5 days of hospitalization,and were further divided into subgroups based on the presence of moderate-to-severe intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH).We performed dynamic monitoring of the blood biomarkers(hematocrit[HCT].blood urea nitrogen[BUN].and creatinine[Cr]),plasma proteins(albumin[Alb].total protein[TP].and non-albumin plasma proteins[NAPP]),and intra-abdominal pressure.Trends in these indicators across groups were analyzed comprehensively.Results No significant differences in baseline data between the two groups were observed.The baseline data of the 2 groups were comparable.The MOF group had significantly higher rates of persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)lasting 48 hours(91.3％vs.71.8％),ICU admission(70.4％vs.17.6％),and length-of-stay([32±17.7]days vs.[19.0±12.2]days)compared to those of the non-MOF group(P＜0.05).The incidences of respiratory,circulatory,and renal failures were higher in the MOF group than those in the non-MOF group,showing significant differences in circulatory failure(69％vs.3.5％)and renal failure(65.5％vs.3.5％)(P＜0.05).In the first 5 days of hospitalization,the MOF group showed significantly elevated BUN and Cr levels,while Alb and TP levels dropped rapidly upon admission and then gradually recovered.The NAPP level of the MOF group continued to decrease after admission,and on the third day after admission,the NAPP level was lower than that of the Non-MOF group,showing statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The Alb/NAPP ratio of the MOF group decreased significantly on day 1 and then rapidly increased,showing significant differences between the groups on days 3 and 4(P=0.001).Subgroup analysis of MOF patients with moderate-to-severe IAH revealed similar trends in the dynamic changes and the overall changes in the indicators,and the difference was even more pronounced.The mixed linear model showed that the average levels of HCT,BUN,Alb/NAPP,and Alb/TP were higher and increased over time in the MOF combined with IAP subgroup(P＜0.001).Conclusion The CLS model of SAP patients is validated,confirming that CLS is a key factor in the progression from SIRS to MOF.The loss of NAPP is an early and important indicator of CLS persistence and progression to MOF.Additionally,moderate-to-severe IAH accelerates the deterioration of MOF.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms of MOF and warrant further validation through large-scale prospective studies.

Objective Focusing on gynecological surgery,we constructed a prediction model for surgical duration by extracting features from unstructured surgical planning texts and integrating multimodal data via artificial intelligence technology.Methods The clinical data of 34 614 patients who underwent gynecologic surgeries at West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University between January 2022 and October 2024 were collected.An embedding-transformer model was constructed to convert surgical planning texts into a one-dimensional numerical feature,referred to as the step feature.The predictive value of the step feature was assessed by comparing the performance improvements of linear regression,random forest,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),support vector regression,K-nearest neighbor regression,and artificial neural network algorithms in two scenarios—with and without the step feature as an input.The out-of-sample prediction accuracy of the models was assessed using mean absolute error(MAE),root mean squared error(RMSE),and R-squared(R2).Furthermore,the model interpretability was examined using SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values.Results SHAP results showed that the step feature had the highest predictive contribution.Temporal factors in surgical scheduling also influenced gynecological surgery duration.The XGBoost model demonstrated optimal performance on the test set,significantly improving prediction accuracy with a 40.43%increase in R2,while reducing MAE and RMSE by 21.27%and 20.13%,respectively,compared to the baseline model without the step feature.Conclusion The embedding-transformer model developed in this study effectively extracts features from surgical planning texts and enhances the predictive performance of machine learning models.The XGBoost prediction model can assist hospital administrators in implementing more refined management of gynecological surgeries and improving the utilization efficiency of surgical resources.

Objective To observe the effect of specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task train-ing combined with active self-disclosure on control and balance abilities in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 90 elderly AIS patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and the observation group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group received routine walk-ing training,while the observation group received specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training combined with active self-disclosure intervention.Control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological status were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of Sheikh Trunk Control Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),and the static balance score,dynamic balance score and total score of Berg Balance Scale(BBS)were significantly increased in both the observation and the control groups(P＜0.05),and all above scores were obviously higher in the former group than the latter one(P＜0.01).The two groups also obtained notably shorter single-and dual-task walking time after intervention,but there were no statistical difference in the single-task walking time in both groups before and after intervention(P＞0.05).After intervention,the observation group had significantly shorter dual-task walking time(22.87±7.36 s vs 27.52±8.71 s,P=0.008)and lower walking time cost of dual task[(11.16±4.07)％vs(25.61±7.82)％,P=0.000]when compared with the control group.After intervention,the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination were increased,and the scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were decreased in the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training com-bined with active self-disclosure intervention can effectively improve trunk control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological state in elderly AIS patients,has cer-tian clinical application value.

Objective:To deeply analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases.Methods:The incidence data of notifiable intestinal infectious diseases in China from 2013 to 2022 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the distributions of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and the annual change rate and seasonal index were calculated.Results:During 2013-2022, intestinal infectious diseases were reported nationwide, with the cases accounting for 43.50% of all notifiable infectious disease cases. The average reported incidence rate was 224.50/100 000, showing a decreasing trend year by year (average annual percent change=-6.45%, t=-2.76, P=0.025). The top 5 intestinal infectious diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (130.40/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (80.18/100 000), dysentery (7.45/100 000), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (2.49/100 000) and viral hepatitis E (1.92/100 000). The incidences of dysentery, HFMD, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever, viral hepatitis A and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis all showed decreasing trends year by year (all P<0.05), while the incidences of hepatitis E and other infectious diarrhea showed no significant changes with year (both P>0.05). The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was high during May to October, with the peak in June. The incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was significantly higher in men than in women (all P<0.05). The HFMD, other infectious diarrhea and dysentery cases were mainly children aged 0-5 years, while the cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases were mainly farmers aged ≥20 years. The annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in southern provinces (283.66/100 000) than in northern provinces (142.63/100 000), and the annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in coastal provinces (279.52/100 000) than in inland provinces (181.78/100 000), the differences were all significant (both P<0.001). Conclusions:During 2013-2022, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases decreased significantly in China, with HFMD and other infectious diarrhea as the main diseases. Strengthened surveillance for intestinal infectious diseases should be carried out in key groups, such as children living scatteredly and farmers, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemiological characteristics of different diseases to effectively reduce the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases.

Objective To observe the effect of specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task train-ing combined with active self-disclosure on control and balance abilities in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 90 elderly AIS patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and the observation group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group received routine walk-ing training,while the observation group received specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training combined with active self-disclosure intervention.Control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological status were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of Sheikh Trunk Control Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),and the static balance score,dynamic balance score and total score of Berg Balance Scale(BBS)were significantly increased in both the observation and the control groups(P＜0.05),and all above scores were obviously higher in the former group than the latter one(P＜0.01).The two groups also obtained notably shorter single-and dual-task walking time after intervention,but there were no statistical difference in the single-task walking time in both groups before and after intervention(P＞0.05).After intervention,the observation group had significantly shorter dual-task walking time(22.87±7.36 s vs 27.52±8.71 s,P=0.008)and lower walking time cost of dual task[(11.16±4.07)％vs(25.61±7.82)％,P=0.000]when compared with the control group.After intervention,the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination were increased,and the scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were decreased in the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training com-bined with active self-disclosure intervention can effectively improve trunk control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological state in elderly AIS patients,has cer-tian clinical application value.

Objective:To establish a new method and platform for screening, identifying, and exploring a new strategy for anti-hepatitis B immunotherapy based on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific TCR.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with acute hepatitis B. CD3 +CD8 +CD137 +T single cells were sorted out after stimulation with the HBsAg peptide library. The α and β chains in TCRs of single cells were amplified by PCR. TCR double-chain pairing and lentiviral packaging were performed through high-throughput sequencing. Re-infected Jurkat-76-NFAT-GFP cells and the cell lines stably expressing TCR were screened. HBsAg peptide library and immortalized B lymphocytes co-cultured with J76N-TCR were used to screen HBsAg-specific TCRs. K562 cell lines stably expressing HLA-A*24:02 were established to determine epitope peptide by screening A*24:02-restricted TCR. The screened TCRs were replaced with mouse C regions and packaged with lentiviruses. Functional validation was performed on healthy human CD4 +T and CD8 +T lymphocytes following infection. Results:Stable TCR-expressing cell lines were successfully prepared based on single-cell TCRαβ double-chain amplification and pairing technology. Twenty-one TCRs were screened using immortalized B lymphocytes, resulting in nine possible HLA-A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCRs. Further screening with K562-A2402 resulted in six A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCRs with identically recognized epitope peptide. The functional determination of the two TCR clones revealed their specific recognition function for target cells expressing HBsAg.Conclusion:HLA-A*24:02-restricted HBsAg-specific TCR with recognition function for target cells expressing HBsAg was successfully obtained based on the new experimental technology system, laying an important foundation for further exploration of antiviral immunotherapy based on HBV-specific TCR.

Ischemic colitis is a disease in which local tissue in the intestinal wall dies to varying de-grees due to insufficient blood supply to the colon.Risk factors include cardiovascular disease,diabetes,chronic kidney disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,etc.Typical clinical manifestations of the disease are abdominal pain and hematochezia.The most common locations are the watershed areas of splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction.The lesions are segmental and clearly demarcated from normal mucosa under endoscopy.The digestive tract is a common extra-pulmonary organ affected by the novel coronavirus,which can be directly damaged by the virus or indirectly caused by virus-mediated inflamma-tion and hypercoagulability.The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)associated intestinal injury can be characterized by malabsorption,malnutrition,intestinal flora shift,etc.CT can show intestinal ische-mia,intestinal wall thickening,intestinal wall cystoid gas,intestinal obstruction,ascites,intussusception and other signs.In this study,we reported a case of ischemic colitis in a moderate COVID-19 patient.The affected area was atypical and the endoscope showed diffuse lesions from the cecum to the rectosig-moid junction.No signs of intestinal ischemia were found on imaging and clear thrombosis in small inter-stitial vessels was found in pathological tissue.Combined with the fact that the patient had no special risk factors in his past history,the laboratory tests indicated elevated ferritin and D-dimer,while the autoanti-bodies and fecal etiology results were negative,we speculated that the hypercoagulability caused by novel coronavirus infection was involved in the occurrence and development of the disease in this patient.After prolonged infusion support and prophylactic anti-infection therapy,the patient slowly resumed diet and eventually went into remission.Finally,we hoped to attract clinical attention with the help of this case of moderate COVID-19 complicated with ischemic colitis which had a wide range of lesions and a slow reco-very.For patients with abdominal pain and blood in the stool after being diagnosed as COVID-19,even if they are not severe COVID-19,they should be alert to the possibility of ischemic colitis,so as not to be mistaken for gastrointestinal reactions related to COVID-19.