ObjectiveTo investigate the role of interleukin （IL）-17A in acute inhalational pneumonia induced by the highly drug-resistant and hypervirulent Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300-R in mice. MethodsAn acute inhalational pneumonia model was established in mice using an aerosolized pulmonary delivery technique. RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） were employed to examine the expression dynamics of Il17a mRNA and IL-17A protein， respectively， in the lungs of infected mice. Il17a knockout （Il17a^-/-） mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The survival rate， body weight， bacterial load in lung tissue， and histopathological changes were compared between Il17a^-/- and wild-type （WT） mice following inhalational infection with USA300-R. Results12 hours after USA300-R infection， compared to pre-infection， the expression level of Il17a mRNA in lung tissue and the level of IL-17A protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） increased by approximately 50-fold （P<0.01） and 6-fold （P<0.001）， respectively. Compared to WT mice， Il17a^-/- mice exhibited approximately 10-fold higher bacterial loads in lung tissue at both 12 and 24 hours post-infection （P<0.001， P<0.05）. However， they showed significantly attenuated lung histopathological injury， reduced alveolar wall thickening， markedly decreased neutrophil infiltration， and an approximately 50% improvement in survival rate （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn acute Staphylococcus aureus USA300-R inhalational pneumonia， IL-17A contributes to bacterial clearance by recruiting neutrophils； however， excessive neutrophil infiltration exacerbates pulmonary inflammation and injury， reduces survival rates， and represents a potential therapeutic target.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the grasslands of North China and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was used to select children under 14 years old by multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling in the grassland ecological area of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China from May to July 2018. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to gather food allergy-related information from the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with self-reported food allergy.Results:A total of 2 086 children completed the survey. The prevalence of self-reported food allergies was 22.0%(459/2 086). The prevalence of multiple food allergies (≥3 types) was 3.1%(64/2 086) versus 16.3% (341/2 086) for a single food allergy among all children. Mango allergy (6.1%, 127/2 086) was the most common, followed by peach allergy (4.1%, 85/2 086). Children who reported food allergies had a significantly higher prevalence of all 4 atopic disorders (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than those without food allergies(35.73% vs. 20.65%, 5.88% vs. 2.77%, 17.86% vs. 7.38%, 16.78% vs. 10.45%, χ2 =44.663 1, 10.434 3, 45.038 3, 13.728 4, all P<0.001).Significantly associated risk factors of food allergy were found to be pollen allergy ( OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.80-2.92) and drug allergy ( OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09). Conclusions:The prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the Zhangbei County area of the North China Grassland was relatively high. Pollen allergy and drug allergy are major risk factors.

At present,reforming and innovating the public health talent training model are the challenges that the construc-tion of new medical in our country.Medical Immunology is the initial driving force in preventive medicine.Based on the course con-struction of Medical Immunology and centering on the core link of post competency of preventive medicine undergraduates,this study comprehensively reshapes the course system of Medical Immunology from the aspects of theoretical courses,practical courses,experi-mental courses,ideological and political courses and assessment methods,so as to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of preventive healthcare undergraduates.

Rare small intestinal diseases are characterized by a broad disease spectrum,non-specific clinical manifestations,and relatively limited diagnostic modalities,which significantly hinder early diagnosis and treatment.Meanwhile,the subspecialty development of rare digestive diseases lags behind,with insufficient physician awareness and a scarcity of experienced multidisciplinary collaborative teams,further exacerbating the difficulties in disease management.In recent years,advancements in gene testing technologies,along with con-tinuous refinements in imaging and endoscopic techniques,have substantially improved the diagnostic and ther-apeutic landscape for rare small intestinal diseases.This article outlines the difficulties and challenges in diag-nosing and treating these conditions,and reviews the evolving applications of common diagnostic and therapeutic approaches across various rare small intestinal diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of Lianpu Yin on duodenal microinflammation in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD)by regulating NLRP3 activation.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group.FD rats were reconstructed by iodoacetamide method(2%sucrose solution containing 0.1%iodoacetamide),and the model was verified.FD model rats were randomly divided into model group,Lianpu Yin group and Moxapride group by random number expression method.After a period of two weeks of administration,measurements were taken to determine the body mass,three-hour food consumption,as well as the rates of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.The pathological structure of duodenal tissue was observed by HE staining.The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.The expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in each group were detected by Western blot.Expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the blank group,body weight,food intake at 3 h,gastric emptyand intestinal propulsion rate in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and inflammatory infiltration of duodenum tissue appeared in the model group.Meanwhile,the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 proteins,as well as the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the duodenal tissue of the model group,showed significant increasing(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,rats in the Lianpu Yin and Moxapride groups displayed significant increasing in body weight,gastric emptying rate,and intestinal propulsion rate(P<0.01).Additionally,inflammatory infiltration of duodenum tissue reduced in these groups.Furthermore,NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expressions,as well as IL-1β and IL-18 levels,significantly decreased in the Lianpu Yin and Moxapride groups compared to the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion Lianpu Yin can treat FD rats by inhibiting duodenal microinflammation and then restoring gastrointestinal motility,which may be related to the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the grasslands of North China and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was used to select children under 14 years old by multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling in the grassland ecological area of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China from May to July 2018. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to gather food allergy-related information from the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with self-reported food allergy.Results:A total of 2 086 children completed the survey. The prevalence of self-reported food allergies was 22.0%(459/2 086). The prevalence of multiple food allergies (≥3 types) was 3.1%(64/2 086) versus 16.3% (341/2 086) for a single food allergy among all children. Mango allergy (6.1%, 127/2 086) was the most common, followed by peach allergy (4.1%, 85/2 086). Children who reported food allergies had a significantly higher prevalence of all 4 atopic disorders (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than those without food allergies(35.73% vs. 20.65%, 5.88% vs. 2.77%, 17.86% vs. 7.38%, 16.78% vs. 10.45%, χ2 =44.663 1, 10.434 3, 45.038 3, 13.728 4, all P<0.001).Significantly associated risk factors of food allergy were found to be pollen allergy ( OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.80-2.92) and drug allergy ( OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09). Conclusions:The prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the Zhangbei County area of the North China Grassland was relatively high. Pollen allergy and drug allergy are major risk factors.

At present,reforming and innovating the public health talent training model are the challenges that the construc-tion of new medical in our country.Medical Immunology is the initial driving force in preventive medicine.Based on the course con-struction of Medical Immunology and centering on the core link of post competency of preventive medicine undergraduates,this study comprehensively reshapes the course system of Medical Immunology from the aspects of theoretical courses,practical courses,experi-mental courses,ideological and political courses and assessment methods,so as to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of preventive healthcare undergraduates.

Ergonomic Principle for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 1: General Principles (T/WSJD 14.1-2020) is the first guideline standard for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders provided to employers and occupational health technical service institutions in China, which covers ergonomic risk factors and their hazard definition, ergonomic prevention principles, risk assessment process, risk control process and risk evaluation principles. The standard specifically clarify the specific types of adverse ergonomic risk factors and control strategies and the standard process of systematic ergonomic risk assessment, providing implementation paths and practical guidance for eliminating/reducing adverse ergonomic risks and enhance workplace environments to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This paper interprets and analyzes the background of standard establishment, formulation process, fundamental basis, and main content, etc., to provide scientific and accurate technical support for enterprise managers, labours and technical personnel of occupational health institutions to optimize the use of this standard.

Objective To study the clinical features,management,and outcomes of benign lesions of the vocal folds in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 686 children diagnosed with benign lesions of vocal folds from 2010 to 2021.The clinical features were analyzed.One hundred children with follow-up records were divided in-to conservative observation group(66 cases)and surgical treatment group(34 cases),and the outcomes was analyzed.Results A total of 455(66.3％)children with benign lesions of vocal folds were boys,and most children(249 cases,36.3％)were within the age group of 6～10 years old.Vocal fold polyps were the most common cases(451 cases,65.7％).The long-term effective rates of the conservative observation and the surgery groups were 63.6％and 79.4％,respectively.The recurrence rate of vocal fold polyps was 31.8％in children aged 3 to 10 years.All the children with vocal fold cyst failed to respond to conservative treatment.Conclusion Benign lesions in children are more common in boys and those aged 6～10 years old,and vocal fold polyps being the most common lesions.Conservative observation is preferred when children with vocal fold polyps are under six years old,and surgical treatment is considered when they are aged 10 and above.Surgery is recommended for children with vocal fold cysts.