BACKGROUND:Delayed healing and nonunion of fractures are common clinical issues.Clinical observations have shown that patients with limb fractures combined with traumatic brain injury experience significantly faster fracture healing compared with those without brain injury.The potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon have become a crucial focus of current research.Recent studies indicate that traumatic brain injury significantly accelerates callus formation and fracture healing processes by regulating cytokines,hormones,neural signals,and stem cell mechanisms.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the latest research progress in the mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing,thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical applications.METHODS:The first author conducted a search of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library databases for literature published from January 2013 to October 2024,with some references traced back up to 20 years.The search terms used were"traumatic brain injury,callus,fracture healing,inflammatory response,cytokines,hormones,neuropeptides,genes,stem cells"in Chinese and English.A total of 83 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were ultimately selected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mechanism by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing is highly complex,involving multiple regulatory pathways such as cytokines,hormones,the nervous system,and stem cells.However,the precise mechanisms are still not fully understood and require further investigation.Current research suggests that traumatic brain injury accelerates bone callus formation and bone tissue regeneration by promoting the release of cytokines(e.g.,insulin-like growth factor-1)and hormones(e.g.,growth hormone and leptin),regulating the nervous system,and promoting stem cell proliferation and differentiation.Additionally,traumatic brain injury triggers a series of immune responses,including the release of inflammatory factors and activation of immune cells,which modulate fracture healing.These responses improve local blood flow,cell migration,and fibroblast activation,supporting various stages of bone healing.Stem cell activation induced by traumatic brain injury is also crucial,as activated stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts,chondrocytes,and adipocytes,facilitating bone tissue regeneration and repair.Therefore,traumatic brain injury-induced immune responses and stem cell activation work together to accelerate fracture healing,providing essential support for the process.These mechanisms significantly shorten the healing time and improve patient outcomes.In conclusion,traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing through multiple mechanisms,highlighting its importance in bone repair.Future research should focus on the signaling pathways and regulatory factors influenced by traumatic brain injury to further understand its mechanisms.These findings will provide a foundation for developing targeted therapies,stem cell treatments,and neural regulation therapies,with potential clinical value in shortening healing time,optimizing recovery protocols,and improving prognosis.Exploring traumatic brain injury-induced biological effects will open new avenues for fracture treatment.

OBJECTIVE To deeply explore the in vivo pharmacodynamic substance basis of Zhigancao Decoction,a classic tradi-tional Chinese medicine formula,and provide scientific evidence for its rational application and development in modern clinical practice.METHODS Wistar rats were treated with 12.15 g·kg-1 Zhigancao Decoction by gavage.Rat plasma samples were collect-ed at 10 time points(5,15,30,60,120,240,360,480,600 and 720 min after administration)and rat heart(atrial and ventricu-lar)tissue samples were collected at 12 h after administration.Components in the plasma and heart samples were qualitatively identi-fied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS),and the distri-bution characteristics of Zhigancao Decoction in vivo were analyzed.At the same time,the time-concentration curve of the prototype components and metabolites in Zhigancao Decoction was drawn to observe the changes of blood drug concentration.RESULTS A total of 11 prototype components(Ajugol,Nicotiflorin,Isoschaftoside,4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,Rehmapicrogenin,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Calycosin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone,Pinellic acid,Truxillic acid)and 7 metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of Zhigancao Decoction,mainly including flavonoids(flavonoids glycosides),organic acids,and iridoid glyco-sides,etc.Additionally,6 prototype components(Ajugol,Isoschaftoside,Rehmapicrogenin,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Liquiritigenin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone)and 3 metabolites were identified from the cardiac samples(the atrium and the ventricle showed the same results).The metabolic pathways mainly involved Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation.CONCLUSION The prototype compo-nents and metabolites in plasma and heart tissue of Zhigancao Decoction is preliminarily determined,providing a reference for analyzing the active components of Zhigancao Decoction in heart tissue.

OBJECTIVE To deeply explore the in vivo pharmacodynamic substance basis of Zhigancao Decoction,a classic tradi-tional Chinese medicine formula,and provide scientific evidence for its rational application and development in modern clinical practice.METHODS Wistar rats were treated with 12.15 g·kg-1 Zhigancao Decoction by gavage.Rat plasma samples were collect-ed at 10 time points(5,15,30,60,120,240,360,480,600 and 720 min after administration)and rat heart(atrial and ventricu-lar)tissue samples were collected at 12 h after administration.Components in the plasma and heart samples were qualitatively identi-fied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS),and the distri-bution characteristics of Zhigancao Decoction in vivo were analyzed.At the same time,the time-concentration curve of the prototype components and metabolites in Zhigancao Decoction was drawn to observe the changes of blood drug concentration.RESULTS A total of 11 prototype components(Ajugol,Nicotiflorin,Isoschaftoside,4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,Rehmapicrogenin,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Calycosin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone,Pinellic acid,Truxillic acid)and 7 metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of Zhigancao Decoction,mainly including flavonoids(flavonoids glycosides),organic acids,and iridoid glyco-sides,etc.Additionally,6 prototype components(Ajugol,Isoschaftoside,Rehmapicrogenin,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Liquiritigenin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone)and 3 metabolites were identified from the cardiac samples(the atrium and the ventricle showed the same results).The metabolic pathways mainly involved Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation.CONCLUSION The prototype compo-nents and metabolites in plasma and heart tissue of Zhigancao Decoction is preliminarily determined,providing a reference for analyzing the active components of Zhigancao Decoction in heart tissue.

BACKGROUND:Delayed healing and nonunion of fractures are common clinical issues.Clinical observations have shown that patients with limb fractures combined with traumatic brain injury experience significantly faster fracture healing compared with those without brain injury.The potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon have become a crucial focus of current research.Recent studies indicate that traumatic brain injury significantly accelerates callus formation and fracture healing processes by regulating cytokines,hormones,neural signals,and stem cell mechanisms.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the latest research progress in the mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing,thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical applications.METHODS:The first author conducted a search of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library databases for literature published from January 2013 to October 2024,with some references traced back up to 20 years.The search terms used were"traumatic brain injury,callus,fracture healing,inflammatory response,cytokines,hormones,neuropeptides,genes,stem cells"in Chinese and English.A total of 83 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were ultimately selected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mechanism by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing is highly complex,involving multiple regulatory pathways such as cytokines,hormones,the nervous system,and stem cells.However,the precise mechanisms are still not fully understood and require further investigation.Current research suggests that traumatic brain injury accelerates bone callus formation and bone tissue regeneration by promoting the release of cytokines(e.g.,insulin-like growth factor-1)and hormones(e.g.,growth hormone and leptin),regulating the nervous system,and promoting stem cell proliferation and differentiation.Additionally,traumatic brain injury triggers a series of immune responses,including the release of inflammatory factors and activation of immune cells,which modulate fracture healing.These responses improve local blood flow,cell migration,and fibroblast activation,supporting various stages of bone healing.Stem cell activation induced by traumatic brain injury is also crucial,as activated stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts,chondrocytes,and adipocytes,facilitating bone tissue regeneration and repair.Therefore,traumatic brain injury-induced immune responses and stem cell activation work together to accelerate fracture healing,providing essential support for the process.These mechanisms significantly shorten the healing time and improve patient outcomes.In conclusion,traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing through multiple mechanisms,highlighting its importance in bone repair.Future research should focus on the signaling pathways and regulatory factors influenced by traumatic brain injury to further understand its mechanisms.These findings will provide a foundation for developing targeted therapies,stem cell treatments,and neural regulation therapies,with potential clinical value in shortening healing time,optimizing recovery protocols,and improving prognosis.Exploring traumatic brain injury-induced biological effects will open new avenues for fracture treatment.

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) among patients with dementia in China.Methods:All participants were recruited from a psychiatric hospital, two old people′s homes and three community mental health centers in Huzhou city. Convenience sampling method was used. All participants were tested by the Chinese version of RUDAS and The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cronbach α coefficient and retest reliability were used for reliability test. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used for validity test. The criterion validity of MMSE and Chinese version of RUDAS was tested by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:EFA extracted 6 factors and factor loadings of each item ranged from 0.594 to 0.960, which contributed to 62.584% variance totally. Six factors were identified, namely, visual-spatial orientation, imitation and judgment, visual structure, delayed recall, linguistic accuracy, and linguistic fluency. Compared with the original scale, the dimension of verbal communication showed reduced dimension. In the CFA, χ 2/ df=1.031, GFI=0.882, AGFI=0.853, CFI=0.996, TLI=0.996, RMSEA=0.014, all the indicators were in adaption standard range. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.793, and the Cronbach α coefficients for six dimensions ranged from 0.503 to 0. 930.The test-retest reliability for the Chinese version of RUDAS was 0.91. Conclusion:The Chinese version of RUDAS showed satisfactory psychometric properties in dementia screening, which can provide guidance and reference for further diagnostic research and application practice of this scale.

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) among patients with dementia in China.Methods:All participants were recruited from a psychiatric hospital, two old people′s homes and three community mental health centers in Huzhou city. Convenience sampling method was used. All participants were tested by the Chinese version of RUDAS and The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cronbach α coefficient and retest reliability were used for reliability test. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used for validity test. The criterion validity of MMSE and Chinese version of RUDAS was tested by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:EFA extracted 6 factors and factor loadings of each item ranged from 0.594 to 0.960, which contributed to 62.584% variance totally. Six factors were identified, namely, visual-spatial orientation, imitation and judgment, visual structure, delayed recall, linguistic accuracy, and linguistic fluency. Compared with the original scale, the dimension of verbal communication showed reduced dimension. In the CFA, χ 2/ df=1.031, GFI=0.882, AGFI=0.853, CFI=0.996, TLI=0.996, RMSEA=0.014, all the indicators were in adaption standard range. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.793, and the Cronbach α coefficients for six dimensions ranged from 0.503 to 0. 930.The test-retest reliability for the Chinese version of RUDAS was 0.91. Conclusion:The Chinese version of RUDAS showed satisfactory psychometric properties in dementia screening, which can provide guidance and reference for further diagnostic research and application practice of this scale.

Chloroquine (CQ) phosphate has been suggested to be clinically effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting tissue distribution of CQ and apply it to optimize dosage regimens, a PBPK model, with parameterization of drug distribution extrapolated from animal data, was developed to predict human tissue distribution of CQ. The physiological characteristics of time-dependent accumulation was mimicked through an active transport mechanism. Several dosing regimens were proposed based on PBPK simulation combined with known clinical exposure-response relationships. The model was also validated by clinical data from Chinese patients with COVID-19. The novel PBPK model allows in-depth description of the pharmacokinetics of CQ in several key organs (lung, heart, liver, and kidney), and was applied to design dosing strategies in patients with acute COVID-19 (Day 1: 750 mg BID, Days 2-5: 500 mg BID, CQ phosphate), patients with moderate COVID-19 (Day 1: 750 mg and 500 mg, Days 2-3: 500 mg BID, Days 4-5: 250 mg BID, CQ phosphate), and other vulnerable populations (.., renal and hepatic impairment and elderly patients, Days 1-5: 250 mg BID, CQ phosphate). A PBPK model of CQ was successfully developed to optimize dosage regimens for patients with COVID-19.

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Echinococcus ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Livestock ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sheep

Purpose To investigate the effects of chemotactic factor CCR4 on the abi1ity of pro1iferation,ce11 cyc1e,invasion,and mi-gration of human ga11b1adder cancer ce11. Methods Western b1ot was used to detect the expression 1eve1 of CCR4 in ga11b1adder carci-noma ce11s. Ga11b1adder carcinoma ce11s was infected by means of s1ow virus,the CCR4 gene si1encing was conducted using siRNA-CCR4 interference techno1ogy. Ga11b1adder carcinoma ce11s GBC-SD were divided into three groups( GBC-SD,GBC-SD/CCR4-RNAi and GBC-SD/contro1). CCL17,a 1igand of CCR4,was used to act on these three groups of ce11s. CCK8 method was used to detect the ce11 pro1iferation abi1ity of three groups. F1ow cytometry was used to test ce11 cyc1e. Tanswe11 assay was app1ied to detect ce11 migration and invasion abi1ity. Western b1ot was performed to detect the expression of its corresponding 1igands CCL17 and CCL22 proteins. Re-sults CCR4 gene si1ence did not inf1uence ce11 cyc1e and pro1iferation of ga11b1adder ce11 GBC-SD,but can significant1y inhibit GBC-SD ce11 invasion and movement abi1ity,CCR4 gene si1ence had no inf1uence on the expression of CCL17 and CCL22 gene in tumor ce11s. Conclusion Ga11b1adder carcinoma ce11s GBC-SD express chemokine receptor CCR4,chemokine receptor CCR4 can promote the invasion and metastasis of GBC-SD ce11s.

Objective To analyze Mycoplasma detection and drug sensitivity test of 3 127 urogenital tract infection women ,and to provides important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods Mycoplasma detection and drug sensitivity of 3 127 uro-genital tract infection women were detected .Results Among 3 127 cases ,1 800 patients were detected Mycoplasma ,and the posi-tivity was 57 .6% .The infection rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) ,Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and Uu+ Mh mixed infection were 46 .2% ,1 .2% ,10 .1% .Uu was sensitive to minocycline ,doxycycline and clarithromycin .Mh was sensitive to minocycline , doxycycline and josamycin .Uu+ Mh mixed infection was sensitive to minocycline ,doxycycline and josamycin .Conclusion Myco-p lasma infections have been the major pathogen of urogenital tract diseases ,the clinical treatment should be based on drug sensitivity test .