[摘 要] 目的：探讨复发/转移性鼻咽癌（NPC）接受含PD-1单抗免疫治疗的临床特征和预后影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年3月至2024年7月期间南部战区总医院确诊的95例NPC患者的临床资料和外周血生化及免疫学指标。预后分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线，组间比较使用Log-rank检验，采用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：95例患者中男性81例，女性14例，中位年龄49.72岁（16~74岁），Ⅳ期91例（95.79%），所有患者均采用免疫治疗，联合或不联合化疗方案治疗，中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为10.5个月，客观缓解率（ORR）70.53%，疾病控制率（DCR）89.47%，接受含铂治疗方案患者PFS相对更长，且差异有统计学意义。紫杉醇 + 顺铂 + 氟尿嘧啶（TPF）对比吉西他滨 + 顺铂（GP）和紫杉醇 + 顺铂（TP）显示出更长的PFS，但差异无统计学意义。不同PD-1单抗治疗组间的PFS未显示出有统计学意义的差异。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，肿瘤复发状态、初始血浆EBV感染状态、治疗周期数、基线外周血SII是复发/转移性NPC患者接受PD-1抑制剂治疗疗效预测的独立相关因素（均P < 0.05），并且非复发患者、初始血浆EBV DNA阳性、接受 ≥ 4治疗周期、基线外周血SII < 772.81的患者接受PD-1抑制剂治疗预后相对更好。结论：在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的复发/转移性NPC患者中，非复发患者、初始血浆EBV DNA阳性、≥ 4治疗周期且外周血SII < 772.81者PFS相对更长，可早期识别免疫治疗效果不佳患者并精准干预。

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China， and its common complications include digestive system abnormalities， cognitive impairment， depression， stroke-associated pneumonia， and hemiplegia. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has great potential in treating post-stroke complications. Xinglou Chengqitang （XLCQT） is a representative prescription of alleviating the disease in the upper part by treating the lower part. It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety. Clinically， XLCQT is often used to treat stroke and its complications. However， the quantity and quality of clinical trials of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications need to be improved. Additionally， since the basic research is weak， the material basis and multi-target mechanism for the efficacy of this prescription are unknown. This article reviews XLCQT in terms of the pharmacodynamic basis， medicinal properties， safety evaluation， and progress in clinical research and mechanisms in treating post-stroke complications. This article summarizes 22 key active ingredients of XLCQT in treating acute stroke complicated with syndrome of phlegm heat and fu-organ excess. Among these key active ingredients， resveratrol， kaempferol， luteolin， chrysoeriol， apigenin， （+）-catechin， and adenosine have good pharmacokinetic properties and high bioavailability. The mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications are complex， including inflammatory response， brain-gut axis， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， intestinal flora， neurotrophic factors， autophagy， oxidative stress， and free radical damage. This review helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of XLCQT against post-stroke complications and the development of drugs.

Objective:To investigate the current status of implementing medical insurance performance evaluation in the hospitals of China under the background of China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment reform, explore the perspectives and recommendations of key department leaders (e.g., health insurance, medical affairs, pricing, and performance evaluation departments) regarding health insurance performance evaluation, analyze the influencing factors in its implementation, so as to provide references for hospitals to develop and refine health insurance performance evaluation strategies.Methods:A questionnaire was designed and distributed to hospitals across 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from December 1 to 31, 2023. The survey targeted secondary and tertiary general or specialized hospitals. The main responsible persons from four functional departments, including medical insurance, healthcare, pricing, and performance, were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the questionnaire data, and the chi-square test was used for differential analysis of unordered categorical variables, while the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for differential analysis of ordered categorical variables.Results:A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected. Most respondents were health insurance department leaders (420, 55.19%). Among them, 741 respondents reported that their hospitals used CHS-DRG or DIP payment, with 258 indicating that their hospitals had already developed and implemented health insurance performance evaluation plans. A majority (685, 90.01%) expressed support for such initiatives. Influencing factor analysis revealed that hospital type, level, scope of health insurance management departments, and payment methods might impact the implementation of health insurance performance evaluation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Few hospitals have currently adopted health insurance performance evaluation, underscoring the urgency to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation plan as a robust tool for internal hospital management.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the prescribing habits of general practitioners (GPs) in relation to single-pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive drugs.Methods:This was a qualitative study. Using the purposive sampling method, 2 general hospitals (designated as HAZ1-2) and 4 community health service centers (designated as HAS1-4) in Huai′an city, Jiangsu province were selected from April to May 2023. In addition, 4 general practitioners (designated as A-D) were selected as interviewees from each general hospital and center. The selected individuals were interviewed using on-site thematic group interviews. The interview mainly included the principles of clinical selection of SPC antihypertensive drugs; the degree of acceptance of SPC antihypertensive drugs by patients after prescription; the evaluation of SPC antihypertensive drugs and the difficulties existing in their clinical use. The data of the interview were analyzed according to the thematic framework.Results:Twenty-four GPs were interviewed. Four themes and 9 sub-themes were extracted regarding factors influencing GP prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs. The study showed that: (1) the prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs by GPs according to patients′ specific conditions; (2) the prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs by GPs was influenced by factors such as price and drug adjustment; (3) the different evaluations of SPC antihypertensive drugs among GPs; (4) GPs in community health service centers faced many difficulties in prescribing SPC antihypertensive drugs (relatively fewer varieties of SPC drugs in the community, lower patient trust in community GPs, and lower standardization of prescribing by community GPs).Conclusion:The factors influencing GPs′ prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs mainly include the patients′ specific situation, price, medication adjustment, attitude of GPs, and some clinical practice problems.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between relative fat mass(RFM)and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR)in an elderly hypertensive population.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled elderly hypertensive individuals aged 65 years and older from Huai'an city between June 2023 and December 2023.Clinical data for these subjects were collected, and RFM and eGFR were calculated according to established formulas.Subsequently, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their eGFR levels: the eGFR normal group and the eGFR decreased group.Differences between these two groups were compared.Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between RFM and eGFR, and a subgroup analysis was conducted.The predictive value of RFM for renal function decline was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC).Results:Among the 2, 603 subjects, 921(35.4%)were assigned to the eGFR decreased group, while 1, 682(64.6%)were assigned to the eGFR normal group.The proportion of males, married individuals, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, as well as diastolic blood pressureand cultural levels, were significantly lower in the eGFR decreased group compared to the eGFR normal group (all P<0.05). Conversely, the duration of hypertension, proportion of comorbidities, age, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), relative fat mass(RFM), visceral fat index(VAI), dysfunctional obesity index(DAI), body roundness index(BRI), and conicity index(C-index)were all significantly higher in the eGFR decreased group compared to the eGFR normal group(all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that when RFM was treated as a continuous variable, the risk of eGFR decline increased with rising RFM(odds ratio[ OR]=1.035, 95% confidence interval[95% CI]: 1.008-1.063, P=0.010). When grouped according to RFM quartile levels(in ascending order)into Q1(<26.22), Q2(26.22-<30.53), Q3(30.53-<39.26), and Q4(≥39.26), using the Q1 group as a reference, the risk of eGFR decline increased in the Q3( OR=1.691, 95% CI: 1.777-2.430, P=0.004)and Q4( OR=1.743, 95% CI: 1.118-2.717, P=0.014)groups.In the subgroup analysis, gender( P-interaction=0.034)and smoking( P-interaction=0.012)were identified as having significant interaction effects on RFM and the decline in eGFR.In the male subgroup( OR=1.067, 95% CI: 1.027-1.108, Ptrend=0.001)and the smoking subgroup( OR=1.109, 95% CI: 1.026-1.199, Ptrend=0.009), the risk of eGFR decline significantly increased with higher levels of RFM.The restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis indicated that when RFM exceeded 30.609, the risk of eGFR decline increased with rising RFM levels, demonstrating a non-linear correlation between RFM and the risk of eGFR decline( Pnonlinearity=0.048 5). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)for RFM in predicting eGFR reduction was 0.635(95% CI: 0.613-0.657, P1<0.001), which was significantly higher than the AUC for VAI(AUC=0.573, 95% CI: 0.550-0.596, P2<0.001), DAI(AUC=0.562, 95% CI: 0.539-0.584, P2<0.001), BRI(AUC=0.564, 95% CI: 0.541-0.587, P2<0.001), and the C-index(AUC=0.536, 95% CI: 0.513-0.559, P2<0.001). Conclusions:Elevated RFM is an independent risk factor for eGFR decline in elderly hypertensive individuals.There exists a significant interaction between gender and smoking with respect to the risk of RFM and eGFR decline.Additionally, RFM demonstrates a notable predictive value for eGFR decline in elderly hypertensive individuals.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between relative fat mass(RFM)and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR)in an elderly hypertensive population.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled elderly hypertensive individuals aged 65 years and older from Huai'an city between June 2023 and December 2023.Clinical data for these subjects were collected, and RFM and eGFR were calculated according to established formulas.Subsequently, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their eGFR levels: the eGFR normal group and the eGFR decreased group.Differences between these two groups were compared.Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between RFM and eGFR, and a subgroup analysis was conducted.The predictive value of RFM for renal function decline was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC).Results:Among the 2, 603 subjects, 921(35.4%)were assigned to the eGFR decreased group, while 1, 682(64.6%)were assigned to the eGFR normal group.The proportion of males, married individuals, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, as well as diastolic blood pressureand cultural levels, were significantly lower in the eGFR decreased group compared to the eGFR normal group (all P<0.05). Conversely, the duration of hypertension, proportion of comorbidities, age, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), relative fat mass(RFM), visceral fat index(VAI), dysfunctional obesity index(DAI), body roundness index(BRI), and conicity index(C-index)were all significantly higher in the eGFR decreased group compared to the eGFR normal group(all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that when RFM was treated as a continuous variable, the risk of eGFR decline increased with rising RFM(odds ratio[ OR]=1.035, 95% confidence interval[95% CI]: 1.008-1.063, P=0.010). When grouped according to RFM quartile levels(in ascending order)into Q1(<26.22), Q2(26.22-<30.53), Q3(30.53-<39.26), and Q4(≥39.26), using the Q1 group as a reference, the risk of eGFR decline increased in the Q3( OR=1.691, 95% CI: 1.777-2.430, P=0.004)and Q4( OR=1.743, 95% CI: 1.118-2.717, P=0.014)groups.In the subgroup analysis, gender( P-interaction=0.034)and smoking( P-interaction=0.012)were identified as having significant interaction effects on RFM and the decline in eGFR.In the male subgroup( OR=1.067, 95% CI: 1.027-1.108, Ptrend=0.001)and the smoking subgroup( OR=1.109, 95% CI: 1.026-1.199, Ptrend=0.009), the risk of eGFR decline significantly increased with higher levels of RFM.The restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis indicated that when RFM exceeded 30.609, the risk of eGFR decline increased with rising RFM levels, demonstrating a non-linear correlation between RFM and the risk of eGFR decline( Pnonlinearity=0.048 5). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)for RFM in predicting eGFR reduction was 0.635(95% CI: 0.613-0.657, P1<0.001), which was significantly higher than the AUC for VAI(AUC=0.573, 95% CI: 0.550-0.596, P2<0.001), DAI(AUC=0.562, 95% CI: 0.539-0.584, P2<0.001), BRI(AUC=0.564, 95% CI: 0.541-0.587, P2<0.001), and the C-index(AUC=0.536, 95% CI: 0.513-0.559, P2<0.001). Conclusions:Elevated RFM is an independent risk factor for eGFR decline in elderly hypertensive individuals.There exists a significant interaction between gender and smoking with respect to the risk of RFM and eGFR decline.Additionally, RFM demonstrates a notable predictive value for eGFR decline in elderly hypertensive individuals.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the prescribing habits of general practitioners (GPs) in relation to single-pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive drugs.Methods:This was a qualitative study. Using the purposive sampling method, 2 general hospitals (designated as HAZ1-2) and 4 community health service centers (designated as HAS1-4) in Huai′an city, Jiangsu province were selected from April to May 2023. In addition, 4 general practitioners (designated as A-D) were selected as interviewees from each general hospital and center. The selected individuals were interviewed using on-site thematic group interviews. The interview mainly included the principles of clinical selection of SPC antihypertensive drugs; the degree of acceptance of SPC antihypertensive drugs by patients after prescription; the evaluation of SPC antihypertensive drugs and the difficulties existing in their clinical use. The data of the interview were analyzed according to the thematic framework.Results:Twenty-four GPs were interviewed. Four themes and 9 sub-themes were extracted regarding factors influencing GP prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs. The study showed that: (1) the prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs by GPs according to patients′ specific conditions; (2) the prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs by GPs was influenced by factors such as price and drug adjustment; (3) the different evaluations of SPC antihypertensive drugs among GPs; (4) GPs in community health service centers faced many difficulties in prescribing SPC antihypertensive drugs (relatively fewer varieties of SPC drugs in the community, lower patient trust in community GPs, and lower standardization of prescribing by community GPs).Conclusion:The factors influencing GPs′ prescribing of SPC antihypertensive drugs mainly include the patients′ specific situation, price, medication adjustment, attitude of GPs, and some clinical practice problems.

Objective:To investigate the current status of implementing medical insurance performance evaluation in the hospitals of China under the background of China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment reform, explore the perspectives and recommendations of key department leaders (e.g., health insurance, medical affairs, pricing, and performance evaluation departments) regarding health insurance performance evaluation, analyze the influencing factors in its implementation, so as to provide references for hospitals to develop and refine health insurance performance evaluation strategies.Methods:A questionnaire was designed and distributed to hospitals across 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from December 1 to 31, 2023. The survey targeted secondary and tertiary general or specialized hospitals. The main responsible persons from four functional departments, including medical insurance, healthcare, pricing, and performance, were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the questionnaire data, and the chi-square test was used for differential analysis of unordered categorical variables, while the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for differential analysis of ordered categorical variables.Results:A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected. Most respondents were health insurance department leaders (420, 55.19%). Among them, 741 respondents reported that their hospitals used CHS-DRG or DIP payment, with 258 indicating that their hospitals had already developed and implemented health insurance performance evaluation plans. A majority (685, 90.01%) expressed support for such initiatives. Influencing factor analysis revealed that hospital type, level, scope of health insurance management departments, and payment methods might impact the implementation of health insurance performance evaluation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Few hospitals have currently adopted health insurance performance evaluation, underscoring the urgency to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation plan as a robust tool for internal hospital management.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

The rational use of medical insurance fund(MIF) plays an important role in promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals, and the supervision of MIF is in a trend of under the rule of law, normalization, professionalization and standardization, and unannounced inspection will become the norm. The authors systematically analyzed three main trends of MIF unannounced inspections, namely, gradually increasing intensity, constantly innovating methods, and increasingly serious consequences. The problems exposed in unannounced inspections were sorted out from five dimensions: form of results, severity, scope of attribution, subjective intention, and regulatory screening ideas. The enlightenment of MIF unannounced inspections to hospital management was explored from four aspects: compliance awareness, organizational system, fine management, and daily supervision. It was proposed that public hospitals should transform their roles and positions, improve the working mechanism of departmental collaboration, and achieve fine management in policy understanding, system formulation, process design, information support, data governance, regulatory implementation, personnel training, and performance matching. At the same time, internal simulated unannounced inspections in hospitals should be regarded as a routine work.