AIM: To compare the effectiveness of foldable capsular body(FCB)with traditional scleral buckling(SB)in the treatment of experimental retinal detachment animal models.METHODS: After successfully establishing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)animal models, 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(RRD models group, SB group, and FCB group), with 8 rabbits in each group. The FCB and SB groups underwent SB and FCB surgeries for the RRD animal models, while the RRD models group only consists of RRD models without any surgical intervention during the follow-up period. The follow-up duration was 3 mo. Wide-field neonatal fundus imaging system and ophthalmic B-ultrasound were used to assess the fundus conditions before and after surgery. The Icare® TONOVET Plus tonometer was utilized to evaluate intraocular pressure changes before and after surgery. The Eaton and Draize scoring systems were selected to monitor postoperative inflammatory reactions.RESULTS: The retinal reattachment rates in the FCB and SB groups were 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in both the FCB and SB groups increased postoperatively compared to preoperative levels(P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure at any time points during the follow-up period between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in the RRD models group remained at a low level throughout the follow-up period. The average surgical time for the FCB group was 16.87±2.29 min, which was shorter than 46.25±4.74 min in the SB group(t=-15.166, P<0.001). According to the Eaton and Draize scoring systems, the FCB group had lower grades of conjunctival hyperemia and edema in the early postoperative period compared to the SB group, indicating milder inflammatory reactions(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both FCB and SB are effective in treating experimental RRD. Compared to SB, FCB is simpler to operate, and also has a shorter surgical time and milder postoperative inflammatory reactions.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltration are associated with RA severity. We have reported the deletion of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) reprograms macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype by recovering G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. However, as more GRK2-interacting proteins were discovered, the GRK2 interactome mechanisms in RA have been understudied. Thus, in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model, we performed genetic GRK2 deletion using GRK2^f/fLyz2-Cre^+/- mice. Synovial inflammation and M1 polarization were improved in GRK2^f/fLyz2-Cre^+/- mice. Supporting experiments with RNA-seq and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new GRK2-interacting protein. We further confirmed that fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), which promoted macrophage migration to induce angiogenesis, was inhibited by GRK2-PPARγ signaling. Mechanistically, excess GRK2 membrane recruitment in CIA MDMs reduced the activation of PPARγ ligand-binding domain and enhanced Flt-1 transcription. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with GRK2 activity inhibitor resulted in significantly diminished CIA pathology, Flt-1⁺ macrophages induced-synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis. Altogether, we anticipate to facilitate the elucidation of previously unappreciated details of GRK2-specific intracellular signaling. Targeting GRK2 activity is a viable strategy to inhibit MDMs infiltration, affording a distinct way to control joint inflammation and angiogenesis of RA.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified Tianwang Buxindan （MTBD） on the skin of sleep-deprived （SD） mice and investigate its mechanism. MethodSixty 2-month-old female Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a vitamin C （VC， 0.08 g·kg^-1）， and MTBD low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （6.5， 12.5， 25 g·kg^-1）. Except for the blank group， the other groups were subjected to SD mouse model induction （using multiple platform water environment method for 18 hours of sleep deprivation daily from 15：00 to next day 9：00）， continuously for 14 days， and caffeine （CAF， 7.5 mg·kg^-1） was injected intraperitoneally from the 2nd week onwards， continuously for 7 days. While modeling， the blank group and the model group were administered with normal saline （0.01 mL·g^-1）， and the other groups received corresponding drugs for treatment. On the day of the experiment， general observations were recorded （such as body weight， spirit， fur， and skin）. After sampling， skin tissue pathological changes were observed under an optical microscope using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining methods. Skin thickness and skin moisture content were measured. Biochemical assay kits were used to detect skin hydroxyproline （HYP） content， skin and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and IL-1β levels in mice. Western blot was used to detect skin tissue type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， protein kinase B （Akt）， p-Akt， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase （HO）-1， and nuclear factor （NF）-κB protein expression. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed varying degrees of changes. In general， signs of aging such as reduced body weight （P<0.01）， listlessness， dull fur color， and formation of wrinkles on the skin appeared. Tissue specimen testing revealed skin thinning， flattening of the dermoepidermal junction （DEJ）， and reduced collagen fibers under the optical microscope. Skin thickness and moisture content decreased， skin tissue HYP content significantly decreased （P<0.01）， skin and serum SOD activity significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and MDA content significantly increased （P<0.01）. Serum IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β levels significantly increased （P<0.01）. Skin ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， Nrf2， and HO-1 protein expression significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and NF-κB expression increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the VC group and the MTBD low-dose group showed increased skin moisture content， HYP content， SOD activity， and ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased serum MDA content （P<0.05）. In addition， a decrease in serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels was detected in the MTBD low-dose group （P<0.05）， while the above indicators in the MTBD medium- and high-dose groups improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSleep deprivation accelerates the aging process of the skin in SD model mice. MTBD can improve this phenomenon， exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the changes of sex hormone levels in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)in infertile population after the assisted reproductive technology treatment,and to provide an evidence for the choice of the treatment.Methods The medical data of patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2016 to June 2021 were collected and divided into PCOS group(103)and non-PCOS group(589)according to whether they were diagnosed with PCOS,and the sex hormone changes of the two groups were compared.Results The patients in PCOS group were younger and had the higher BMI,more sinus follicles,higher AMH value,and lower total Gn usage.The number of LH/FSH>2 in PCOS group was higher than that in non-PCOS group(P<0.05).After the treatment,LH in both groups decreased,FSH,E2 and(P<0.05)increased;The difference of LH and E2 before and after the treatment in PCOS group was greater than that in non-PCOS group<0.05).Conclusion Compared with non-PCOS infertile patients,the changes of sex hormone indexes in PCOS infertile patients before and after the treatment were more obvious.In order to obtain the better clinical effect in patients with polycystic ovaries,it is recommended to pay attention to the changes of related sex hormone levels in the course of subsequent treatment,and choose a reasonable treatment plan.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)levels on the development potential of oocytes in patients with polycystic ovarian morphology(PCOM)complicated with infertility during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Methods A total of 480 infertile patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected(160 cases in control group,104 cases in PCOM group and 216 cases in PCOS group),AMH levels were compared among different groups.According to the serum AMH level(4.7ng/ml as normal value,＞4.7ng/ml as high value),both PCOM and PCOS patients were divided into normal AMH group and high AMH group.The differences of oocyte indexes and their correlation between different AMH levels in PCOM and PCOS patients were ana-lyzed.Results The basal androgen level in PCOS group was significantly higher than that in PCOM group(P＜0.01).The comparison of serum AMH value showed that the control group＜PCOM group＜PCOS group(P＜0.001).Laboratory indexes showed that the num-ber of mature oocytes,2PN,fertilization,D3 cleavage and total embryos in the high AMH group were significantly higher than those in the normal AMH group in PCOM and PCOS patients(P＜0.05).The AMH levels was positively correlated with the number of mature oo-cytes,2PN,fertilization,D3 cleavage and total embryos(P＜0.05).In the PCOS group,the number of dominant follicles,oocytes,high-quality embryos and available embryos in the high AMH group were significantly higher than those in the normal AMH group(P＜0.05),and the AMH levels was positively correlated with the number of dominant follicles,oocytes,high-quality embryos and available embryos(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the above indicators among different AMH levels in PCOM group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The serum AMH level of PCOM patients with infertility is higher than that of the control group,but lower than that of PCOS patients.PCOM patients with high AMH level can obtain better quality oocytes and more embryos,and increase the number of transplantation in patients with repeated transplantation failure,thereby improving the clinical pregnancy rate.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ERBB2 interacting protein (Erbin)in liver tissues in blood coagulation of septic mice.Methods:Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice and 30 Erbin knockout mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into wild-type+ sham operation group (WT+ Sham group), wild-type+ sepsis group (WT+ SEP group), Erbin gene knockout+ sham operation group (EKO+ Sham group) and Erbin gene knockout+ sepsis group (EKO+ SEP group) by a random number table method, with 15 animals in each group. The mouse sepsis model was prepared by the cecal ligation and perforation method in anesthetized animals. Eye blood samples were collected at 24 h after surgery and liver tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of histopathological changes (by HE staining) which were scored and for determination of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities (by colorimetry), expression of Erbin and tissue factor (TF) (by Western blot), expression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrinogen (Fib)mRNA (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), concentrations of PT, APTT, thrombin time (TT) and Fib (by automatic coagulation analyzer), and plasma TF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results:Compared with WT+ Sham group, the lung injury score was significantly increased, the expression of TF, t-PA mRNA and FGA mRNA was up-regulated, PT, APTT and TT were prolonged, the plasma Fib concentration was increased, and the activities of ALT and AST and concentrations of TF and IL-6 in plasma were increased in WT+ SEP group ( P<0.05). Compared with WT+ SEP group, the lung injury score was significantly increased, the expression of TF, t-PA mRNA and FGA mRNA was up-regulated, PT, APTT and TT were prolonged, the plasma Fib concentration was increased, and the activities of ALT and AST and concentrations of TF and IL-6 in plasma were increased in EKO+ SEP group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Erbin in liver tissues exerts an endogenous protective effect on blood coagulation by inhibiting the up-regulation of TF expression in septic mice.

Objective To investigate the classification,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid lesions and provide a reference for clinical practice.Methods Hospital ethical approval and patient informed consent were obtained.We report a case of oral lichenoid lesion in children and review the diagno-sis and treatment of oral lichenoid damage in the literature.Results The patient experienced repeated rupture of the dorsal surface of the tongue with pain for more than 3 years.There was a large area of tongue back surface erosion with an irregular shape,surrounded by pearly-white lines.The left erosive area was accompanied by tissue hyperplasia,which was approximately 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm,with tough texture and broad masses.The pathological diagnosis of the pa-tient was oral lichenoid lesion.After biopsy of the dorsal surface of the tongue,the pathological diagnosis of the patient was granulomatous inflammation.The final diagnosis of lichenoid granulomatous stomatitis was made on the basis of the patient's intraoral damage features,systemic history,medication history and histopathological findings.A review of the literature suggests that oral lichenoid lesions have an unknown etiology and need to be clinically differentiated from oral lichen planus,oral lichenoid drug reactions,oral lichenoid contact damage and chronic ulcerative stomatitis.The clini-cal treatment of oral lichen planus is based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids.Conclusion There are still no uniform criteria for the classification and diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions.They rely mainly on history tak-ing,clinical manifestations and histopathological findings,and the treatment is mainly based on the topical and/or sys-temic use of glucocorticoids.

Objective:To explore the interrelationship among three simplified hand and wrist bone age assessment methods and to establish corresponding bone ages for each substage in male children.Methods:This retrospective case series study included 169 left hand and wrist X-rays from 152 male children who underwent bone age assessments at the Pediatric Orthopedics and Pediatrics Departments,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023. The age at the time of X-ray was (13.7±2.0) years (range:9.1 to 17.9 years). Reasons for bone age assessment included evaluating the progress of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in 36 cases, predicting limb length discrepancies in 28 cases, and predicting the height of healthy adolescents in 88 cases. Bone age was first graded using the Chinese hand-wrist bone age assessment method. Three simplified hand and wrist bone age assessment methods were then applied:Sanders simplified skeletal maturity staging system(Sanders stage), the distal radius and ulna classification (DRU), and e thumb ossification composite index (TOCI). Somers′delta correlation test was used to analyze the relationship among the results of the three simplified methods. The bone age and standard deviation for each sub-stage were calculated, and gender differences in bone age for the same sub-stage were compared with previous study.Results:The DRU, TOCI and Sanders stages showed a strong correlation when assessing bone age in male children, with Somers′delta correlation coefficients ranging from 0.881 to 0.876 (all P<0.01). The sub-stages with the smallest standard deviations (shorter duration) in each of the three classifications can serve as a quick reference for determining precise bone age, included proximal thumb epiphysis covered, without sesamoid (12.0 years);proximal thumb epiphysis covered with sesamoid or distal radial covered (13.0 years), early capping of the thumb epiphysis, radial epiphysis medial side capping(13.5 years), all phalangeal epiphyses capping (14.0 years), distal phalangeal physes beginning to close (14.5 years), all distal phalangeal physes closed (15.0 years), middle or proximal phalangeal physes beginning to close (15.5 years), all digital epiphyses closed (16.5 years), and nearly complete distal radius fusion with a notch (17.5 years). On average, the bone ages of males were 2 years behind those of females in the same substage. Conclusions:The DRU, TOCI, and Sanders stages can be applied to male children, and it is showed good correlation between them. The subtypes with shorter duration can be used as a quick assessment method to determine the bone age.

Objective:To explore the interrelationship among three simplified hand and wrist bone age assessment methods and to establish corresponding bone ages for each substage in male children.Methods:This retrospective case series study included 169 left hand and wrist X-rays from 152 male children who underwent bone age assessments at the Pediatric Orthopedics and Pediatrics Departments,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023. The age at the time of X-ray was (13.7±2.0) years (range:9.1 to 17.9 years). Reasons for bone age assessment included evaluating the progress of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in 36 cases, predicting limb length discrepancies in 28 cases, and predicting the height of healthy adolescents in 88 cases. Bone age was first graded using the Chinese hand-wrist bone age assessment method. Three simplified hand and wrist bone age assessment methods were then applied:Sanders simplified skeletal maturity staging system(Sanders stage), the distal radius and ulna classification (DRU), and e thumb ossification composite index (TOCI). Somers′delta correlation test was used to analyze the relationship among the results of the three simplified methods. The bone age and standard deviation for each sub-stage were calculated, and gender differences in bone age for the same sub-stage were compared with previous study.Results:The DRU, TOCI and Sanders stages showed a strong correlation when assessing bone age in male children, with Somers′delta correlation coefficients ranging from 0.881 to 0.876 (all P<0.01). The sub-stages with the smallest standard deviations (shorter duration) in each of the three classifications can serve as a quick reference for determining precise bone age, included proximal thumb epiphysis covered, without sesamoid (12.0 years);proximal thumb epiphysis covered with sesamoid or distal radial covered (13.0 years), early capping of the thumb epiphysis, radial epiphysis medial side capping(13.5 years), all phalangeal epiphyses capping (14.0 years), distal phalangeal physes beginning to close (14.5 years), all distal phalangeal physes closed (15.0 years), middle or proximal phalangeal physes beginning to close (15.5 years), all digital epiphyses closed (16.5 years), and nearly complete distal radius fusion with a notch (17.5 years). On average, the bone ages of males were 2 years behind those of females in the same substage. Conclusions:The DRU, TOCI, and Sanders stages can be applied to male children, and it is showed good correlation between them. The subtypes with shorter duration can be used as a quick assessment method to determine the bone age.

Objective:To explore the structural characteristics of intestinal microflora in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）and the relationship between intestinal microflora and the occurrence as well as development of NAFLD in children.Methods:Fifteen children with NAFLD diagnosed at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as subjects，and 15 healthy children who received routine physical examinations at the outpatient clinic during the same period were randomly selected as healthy control group.The height，weight，waist circumference，blood pressure，blood biochemistry of all children were collected.At the same time，the fresh fecal samples of all children were collected，and the biological information of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.Results:In the NAFLD group，there were eight males and seven females，with an average age of（11.13±1.77）years.In healthy control group，there were seven males and eight females，with an average age of（9.73±2.25）years.There were no significant differences in sex，age，blood pressure between two groups.Compared with the healthy control group，the levels of body mass index，waist circumference，waist-to-height ratio，alanine aminotransferase，aspartate transaminase，gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase，total bilirubin，direct bilirubin，unconjugated bilirubin，low density lipoprotein cholesterol，uric acid and serum insulin significantly increased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased in NAFLD group（ P<0.05）.The results of species diversity analysis showed that chaol index and observed-species index in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group（ P<0.05）.Species diversity analysis showed that the species with increased abundance in NAFLD group included：Proteobacteria，Gammaproteobacteria，Enterobacteriaceae，Klebsiella，Escherichia-Shigella，Escherichia-Shigella-unclassified.Differential species with increased abundance in the healthy control group included：Bifidobacterium species，Bifidobacterium，Bifidobacteriaceae，Bifidobacteriales，Actinobacteria，Actinobacteriota，Bacteroidia，Bacteroidales，Streptococcus-thermophilus. Conclusion:There are metabolic abnormalities and obvious changes in the structure of intestinal flora in children with NAFLD.Exogenous supplementation of Bifidobacterium，Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacteroides may prevent the occurrence of NAFLD，delay the progression of disease and improve fat deposition in the liver.