To promote the development of the prescription-based processing of Chinese herbal pieces,the China Association of Chinese Medicine published the social organization standard of the Standard for Prescription-based Processing of Chinese Herbal Pieces(T/CACM 1367-2021)in June 2021.The standard was led by the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine.It was jointly drafted by 28 Traditional Chinese medical institutions across the country.This paper introduced the standards in detail to promote the implementation and propel the inheritance and innovation of the processing of Chinese herbal pieces.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a unique myocardial disease caused by diabetes mellitus,which can increase the risk of heart failure and death,and is one of the main causes of death of diabetes mellitus patients worldwide.Although the research on the pathogenesis of DCM has made great progress,it has not yet been fully clarified.Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)can interact with microRNAs(miRNAs)as competitive endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs),participate in the regulation of gene expression,and then affect the development of DCM.This article gives an overview of lncRNAs and its biological functions as well as ceRNA hypothesis,and focuses on the role of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in regulating the occurrence and development of DCM.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(IVR)and intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 1 100 eyes with ROP treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF at our hospital from January 2015 to June 2023 were included. According to the different therapeutic drugs, the children were divided into two groups: IVR group and IVC group. According to the degree of ROP, the patients were divided into three groups: aggressive ROP(A-ROP), Zone Ⅰ type 1 ROP and Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP. The reactivation and retreatment between the two groups were compared after propensity score matching(PSM)analysis, and they were followed-up for at least 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: In Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP, there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the IVR and IVC groups(P<0.05); however, in A-ROP and Zone I type 1 ROP, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the two groups(P>0.05). The risk of reactivation and retreatment of Zone I type 1 ROP was higher than the Zone II type 1 ROP. Furthermore, the use of drugs and corrected gestational age of first treatment were influencing factors of lesion recurrence and retreatment.CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the initial cure effect between the two drugs in Zone II type 1 ROP, with the reactivation and retreatment rates of the IVC group being much lower than those of the IVR group.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified Tianwang Buxindan （MTBD） on the skin of sleep-deprived （SD） mice and investigate its mechanism. MethodSixty 2-month-old female Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a vitamin C （VC， 0.08 g·kg^-1）， and MTBD low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （6.5， 12.5， 25 g·kg^-1）. Except for the blank group， the other groups were subjected to SD mouse model induction （using multiple platform water environment method for 18 hours of sleep deprivation daily from 15：00 to next day 9：00）， continuously for 14 days， and caffeine （CAF， 7.5 mg·kg^-1） was injected intraperitoneally from the 2nd week onwards， continuously for 7 days. While modeling， the blank group and the model group were administered with normal saline （0.01 mL·g^-1）， and the other groups received corresponding drugs for treatment. On the day of the experiment， general observations were recorded （such as body weight， spirit， fur， and skin）. After sampling， skin tissue pathological changes were observed under an optical microscope using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining methods. Skin thickness and skin moisture content were measured. Biochemical assay kits were used to detect skin hydroxyproline （HYP） content， skin and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and IL-1β levels in mice. Western blot was used to detect skin tissue type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， protein kinase B （Akt）， p-Akt， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase （HO）-1， and nuclear factor （NF）-κB protein expression. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed varying degrees of changes. In general， signs of aging such as reduced body weight （P<0.01）， listlessness， dull fur color， and formation of wrinkles on the skin appeared. Tissue specimen testing revealed skin thinning， flattening of the dermoepidermal junction （DEJ）， and reduced collagen fibers under the optical microscope. Skin thickness and moisture content decreased， skin tissue HYP content significantly decreased （P<0.01）， skin and serum SOD activity significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and MDA content significantly increased （P<0.01）. Serum IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β levels significantly increased （P<0.01）. Skin ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， Nrf2， and HO-1 protein expression significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and NF-κB expression increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the VC group and the MTBD low-dose group showed increased skin moisture content， HYP content， SOD activity， and ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased serum MDA content （P<0.05）. In addition， a decrease in serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels was detected in the MTBD low-dose group （P<0.05）， while the above indicators in the MTBD medium- and high-dose groups improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSleep deprivation accelerates the aging process of the skin in SD model mice. MTBD can improve this phenomenon， exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the antimicrobial resistance of respiratory tract infection in children in Baoshan City,guide clinicians to rationally apply antibiotics,and improve the success rate of treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis of the distribution characteristics and drug sensitivity results of 1039 strains of pathogens detected in pediatric inpatients of hospitals from 2019 to 2022 was conducted.Results The main pathogens causing the respiratory infections in children in Baoshan area were Streptococcus pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Analysis of the drug sensitivity results of pathogenic bacteria with a detected quantity greater than 80 revealed that Streptococcus pneumoniae had a high resistance rate to erythromycin,clindamycin,and compound sulfamethoxazole.The resistance rates of penicillin,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,and meropenem were P<0.05,and the difference was statistically significan.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was11.1%;CTX/CRO-R-ECO,CTX/CRO-R-KPN,CR-ECO and CR-KPN were lower than the 2021 ISPED level;The P.aeruginosa drug resistance rate and H.influenzae's ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam were higher than the 2021 ISPED level.Conclusion The treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients faces great challenges.The non-standard use of empirical medication has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and the selection of anti infection treatment drugs is limited.Therefore,it is imperative to grasp the epidemic characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the local area.

Objective To analyze the evaluation indicators of pre-hospital first aid for adult patients with acute severe trauma to provide the evidence-based basis for the initiation of "zero channel" in first aid work.Methods The literatures such as expert consensus,clinical research,guideline and systematic review were retrieved from PubMed,Medline,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and China Knowledge Network by computer.The retrieval time was from January 2013 to November 2023.After screen-ing the literatures according to the standard,the quality evaluation and evidence grading were conducted by a-dopting different tools.Results A total of 8 literatures were included,including 4 clinical studies,2 expert consensus and 2 systematic reviews.Finally,10 evidence-based evidences for the initiation of "zero channel" in adult patients with acute severe trauma were summarized.Conclusion This study summarizes the relevant in-dicators of "zero channel" initiation in the adult patients with acute severe trauma,which is helpful for clinical medical staff to start the first aid "zero channel" in time and increase the success rate of rescue.

Lipid Droplets/metabolism* ; Bacteria ; Lipid Metabolism

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical safety of Naoxintong （NXT） capsules after marketing， find out the potential risk factors of the drug as soon as possible， and reveal the incidence， nature， and clinical manifestations of the adverse events （ADE） and adverse reactions （ADR） of NXT capsules， so as to provide a basis for safe use of the drug in clinical practice. MethodA prospective， large-sample， multi-center observational cohort study was conducted to monitor all the 7 345 inpatients and outpatients orally taking NXT in 14 hospitals in China from January to December in 2018， with at least one follow-up. The demographic characteristics， disease type， NXT medication， ADR occurrence， characteristics， and prognosis of the patients were collected. SPSS 23.0 was used for single-factor and multivariate logistic regression to predict the influencing factors of ADR. ResultThe male and female patients accounted for similar proportions. There were 5 081 patients （79.40%） aged ≥60 years and 3 153 patients （49.27%） with body mass index （BMI） exceeding the normal standard. There were 344 （5.38%） patients with a history of allergy to medicines and food， 9 （0.14%） patients with a family history of allergy， and 52 （0.81%） patients with a history of allergic diseases. The ADRs associated with NXT occurred in 22 patients， with the incidence of 0.34%. The clinical manifestations of ADR appeared in 31 cases， involving 10 organs/systems， of which gastrointestinal system damage was the most common （17， 54.84%）. All ADRs were mild or moderate. Most ADRs （19， 86.36%） occurred within 4 weeks after administration. The patients with alleviated NXT-associated ADRs accounted for 81.82%. No indicators related to significant increases in ADR risks were found. ConclusionNXT is well tolerated in the general population. The hospital centralized monitoring for the clinical safety of oral Chinese patent drugs based on HIS data and Web tracking and follow-up system is an essential means for the post-market research on the safety of drugs.

Background The current oil production determines oil workers’ occupational noise exposure. Without effective protection, noise will affect various aspects of worker’s body functions, including acting on the adrenal cortex system and resulting in renal function damage. Objective To evaluate the associations of noise exposure and its cumulative exposure level with renal function impairment of oil workers. Methods Oil workers from a collective medical examination in a hospital were selected as the study subjects. In accordance with the national standard Measurement of Physical Agents in the Workplace Part 8: Noise (GBZ/T 189.8—2007), noise exposure was measured three times at the oil workers' work site, and their average value was calculated to obtain the cumulative noise exposure (CNE). A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect general information such as socio-demographic characteristics, family history, lifestyles, and occupational history. All blood biochemical indicators were measured in the fasting state. Renal function impairment was judged based on the glomerular filtration rate. The relationship between CNE and renal function was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for workers with noise exposure. Results A total of 2 917 subjects were included in the study and their prevalence of renal function impairment was 14.2%. The univariate analysis results suggested statistically significant differences in the prevalence of renal function impairment among the oil workers grouped by having hypertension or not, gender, age, marital status, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P＜0.05); the prevalence of renal impairment was significantly higher in those with abnormal values of uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose than in those with normal values (P＜0.05); the oil workers with noise exposure [n=1565, 53.7%, equivalent sound level ≥80 dB(A)] showed a higher prevalence of renal function impairment than those without (P＜0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR=2.811, 95%CI: 1.960-4.030), age at 31 years and above (OR_31-40=3.502, 95%CI: 1.402-8.751; OR_41-50=4.255, 95%CI: 1.759-10.291; OR_≥51=7.179, 95%CI: 2.864-17.996), showing abnormal uric acid (OR=5.932, 95%CI: 4.486-7.843), having hypertension (OR=1.593, 95%CI: 1.230-2.063), alcohol consumption (OR=2.648, 95%CI: 1.346-5.212), and smoking (OR=1.816, 95%CI: 1.133-2.911) had higher risks of developing renal function impairment; besides, those exposed to noise had 1.351 times (95%CI: 1.073-1.702) higher risks of developing renal function impairment than non-exposed individuals. Noise-exposed oil workers in the renal impairment group had higher noise exposure intensity and CNE compared to the noise-exposed oil workers in the normal renal function group (P＜0.05), and the workers had an increased risk of renal function impairment when the CNE was >95.85 dB(A)·year versus CNE ≤ 95.85 dB(A)·year (OR=2.583, 95%CI: 1.956-3.411). Conclusion Exposure to noise, higher noise exposure intensity, and higher level of CNE may be associated with developing renal function impairment in oil workers. Oil workers with CNE above 95.85 dB(A)·year are at an increased risk of renal impairment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sodium octanoate on renal-intestinal ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) after resuscitation from traumatic cardiac arrest in pigs.Methods:Twenty-two miniature piglets with a body weight of (37.6±2.5)kg were divided into three groups according to the random-number table method: normal group ( n=7), IRI group ( n=7) and IRI-treated group ( n=8). A renal-intestinal IRI model of the pig was established by allowing femoral artery to bleed through blood pump at a rate of 2 ml·kg -1·min -1 until cardiac arrest, followed by whole blood transfusion through the femoral vein at a rate of 5 ml·kg -1·min -1 after observation for 6 minutes, and 50% of total blood loss was reinfused before resuscitation. Both the IRI group and IRI-treated group were with IRI model, while normal group was just monitored without induction of IRI. Besides, IRI-treated group was injected intravenously with sodium octanoate (30 mg/kg) for 1 hour at 5 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). (1) The rate of resuscitation success, survival rate at 4, 24 hours after resuscitation, blood loss when reaching cardiac arrest criteria and resuscitation time when reaching the ROSC criteria were compared in the three groups. (2) Levels of serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were measured before resuscitation and at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation. (3) The animals were sacrificed at 24 hours post-resuscitation to harvest renal and intestinal tissues rapidly. TUNEL test was applied for the cellular apoptosis index. Prussian blue was used to detect the rate of iron deposition. Western blot analysis was used to measure levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member4 (ACSL4). Results:In three groups, all pigs survived. There was no significant difference in blood loss or resuscitation time between IRI group and IRI-treated group (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in levels of SCr, BUN, iFABP or DAO before resuscitation and at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation in normal group (all P>0.05). But their levels were gradually increased at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation from that before resuscitation in IRI group and IRI-treated group (all P<0.01). Among three groups, levels of SCr, BUN, iFABP and DAO had no significant difference before resuscitation (all P>0.05), but showed obvious increase in IRI group and the IRI-treated group at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation compared with normal group, especially in IRI group (all P<0.01). In normal group, IRI group and IRI-treated group after 24 hours for resuscitation, the cellular apoptosis index of renal tissues was (2.3±0.8)%, (44.0±5.4)% and (13.8±4.3)%; the cellular apoptosis index of intestinal tissues was (2.6±0.9)%, (61.3±10.4)% and (20.8±3.7)%; the rate of iron deposition of renal tissues was (0.6±0.1)%, (3.9±1.0)% and (1.7±0.3)%; the rate of iron deposition of intestinal tissues was (0.8±0.1)%, (4.9±0.9)% and (2.1±0.5)% (all P<0.01). The cellular apoptosis index and rate of iron deposition of both renal and intestinal tissues were the highest in IRI group. The renal-intestinal expression of GPX4 in IRI group and IRI-treated group was lower than that in normal group at 24 hours after resuscitation (all P<0.05), with the lowest in IRI group. The renal-intestinal expression of ACSL4 in IRI group and IRI-treated group was higher than that in normal group at 24 hours after resuscitation (all P< 0.01), with the highest in IRI group. Conclusion:Sodium octanoate can reduce renal-intestinal IRI after resuscitation from traumatic cardiac arrest in pigs, the mechanism for which is probably due to that sodium octanoate can inhibit cellular apoptosis and reduce ferroptosis by regulating the expression levels of GPX4 and ACSL4.