Objective:For tympanosclerosis patients with ossicular chain fixation, we use ossicular chain bypass technique and evaluate its long-term effects. Methods:From June 2017 to June 2019, 147 patients with tympanosclerosis who underwent middle ear surgery with otoscopy in Yinchuan First People's Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the implemented operation plan, 51 cases in the ossicular chain mobilization group（OCM）, 56 cases in the ossicular chain bypass reconstruction group（OCB）, and 40 cases in the malleus-incus complex resection reconstruction group（MICR）. Through a three-year follow-up, the medium and long-term effects of different operation plans were compared and analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference among the three groups in the incidence of tympanic membrane perforation, delayed facial nerve palsy, and the dispatch and displacement of PORP. The incidence of tympanic membrane retraction pocket or cholesteatoma after operation in OCB group（0） was significantly lower than that in OCM group（11.76%） and MICR group（7.5%）（P<0.05）. At 12 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group and MICR group were better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）. At 36 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group was better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference between OCB group and MICR group. The audiological performance of patients with epitympanic sclerosis（ETS） at 12, 24 and 36 months after operation was better than that of patients with posterior tympanosclerosis（PTS） and total tympanosclerosis（TTS）（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with patients undergoing ossicular chain mobilization and malleus-incus complex resection for ossicular chain reconstruction, patients with tympanosclerosis undergoing bypass technique have better and stable hearing prognosis in medium and long term. This technique can effectively prevent the formation of retracted pocket and cholesteatoma in patients with tympanosclerosis after operation.
Humans ; Tympanosclerosis ; Ear Ossicles/surgery* ; Ear, Middle ; Malleus/surgery* ; Cholesteatoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To comprehensively search, analyze and integrate the best evidence on environmental factors for the prevention and management of myopia in children and adolescents, to provide reference for the formulation of scientific and complete myopia prevention and management programs.Methods:A comprehensive search about evidence on environmental factors prevention and management of myopia in children and adolescents was conducted in following databases: UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, Chinese Medical Ace Base, China Association of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medical Association, American Academy of Ophthalmology, International Myopia Society, European Society of Ophthalmology, International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, Brien Holden Vision Research Center, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, etc. Research types included guidelines, expert consensus, systematic review/Meta-analysis, evidence summary, best clinical practice.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, including 6 guidelines, 3 expert consensus articles and 14 systematic reviews. Evidence summarized 27 items from the following 4 aspects: prevention and management purpose, risk assessment, environmental prevention and management measures and health education.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence on environmental factors to prevent and manage myopia in children and adolescents. When the evidence is applied, appropriate environmental prevention and management measures should be selected to prevent and control the onset and progression of myopia in children and adolescents, based on the actual situation, to promote evidence-based practice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of tripartite motif containing 59(TRIM59) on the biological function of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: The recombinant TRIM59 interference plasmid(si-TRIM59) was constructed and transfected into colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 by liposome transfection. The transfection efficiency was verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The effects of TRIM59 gene silencing on the proliferation, colony-formation ability and cell cycle of colorectal cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 method, colony formation assays and flow cytometry respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of CDK4 and cyclinD1. Results: The expression levels ofTRIM59mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer cells were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal mucosa cells(P<0. 05). After knockdown of TRIM59expression, the proliferation activity and colony forming ability of HCT116 cells were significantly inhibited(P<0. 05), and the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase. At the same time, the expression levels of CDK4and CyclinD1 significantly decreased(P<0. 05). Conclusion TRIM59was highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells. Down regulation ofTRIM59expression can inhibit the proliferation and clone formation of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting thatTRIM59may become a new target for gene therapy of colorectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of acetic acid with narrow-band imaging ( NBI ) and magnifying endoscopy ( ME ) on diagnosis of small colorectal polyps. Methods In this prospective study, 261 small colorectal polyps from 122 patients were observed by ME, NBI-ME, and acetic acid with NBI-ME, and then received endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic images were stored electronically and randomly allocated to 3 experts and 3 non-experts for diagnosis using Kudo pit pattern. The postoperative pathologic results acted as gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different endoscopic modes for small colorectal polyps. The image definition and interobserver agreement were compared among different endoscopic modes. Results The diagnostic accuracy of ME, NBI-ME, and acetic acid with NBI-ME for small colorectal polyps was 65. 5％ ( 171/261) , 90. 0％ ( 235/261) , and 94. 6％ ( 247/261) , respectively, in the experts group, and 57. 1％ ( 149/261) , 83. 1％ ( 217/261) , and 89. 3％ ( 233/261) , respectively, in the non-experts group. All experts and non-experts diagnosed small colorectal polyps more accurately by acetic acid with NBI-ME than by NBI-ME ( all P<0. 05 ) and ME ( all P<0. 001 ) . The image definition scores of acetic acid with NBI-ME in the experts group and non-experts group were significantly higher than those of NBI-ME and ME ( all P<0. 001) . The results of interobserver agreement showed that Kappa values (95％CI) of ME, NBI-ME, and acetic acid with NBI-ME diagnosis were 0. 578 (0. 508-0. 648), 0. 669 (0. 599-0. 739), and 0. 940 (0. 870-1. 010), respectively, for experts and 0. 476 (0. 406-0. 546), 0. 534 ( 0. 464-0. 604) , and 0. 830 ( 0. 760-0. 900 ) , respectively, for non-experts. Acetic acid with NBI-ME showed good interobserver agreement. Conclusion Acetic acid with NBI-ME has a higher diagnostic accuracy and good reproducibility for colorectal small polyps compared with ME and NBI-ME.

Objective To explore relationships of expression of hypoxia?inducible factor?1α(HIF?1α), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and protein kinase B(P?Akt)with angiopoiesis and cell apoptosis. Methods Biopsy specimens were collected from skin lesions of 32 patients with lichen planus and normal skin of 20 patients with lipomyoma, and subjected to paraffin embedding. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt, and TUNEL technique was used to detect apoptosis of keratinocytes in these paraffin?embedded tissue sections. Microvessel density (MVD)was assessed by counting CD34?labeled vascular endothelial cells. Results HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt were moderately or strongly expressed in lichen planus lesions, but absent or weakly expressed in normal skin of controls, and the expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt was significantly higher in the lichen planus group than in the control group (all P < 0.01). HIF?1α was mainly expressed in nuclei of keratinocytes, while VEGF and P?Akt were expressed in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. In addition, the lichen planus group showed significantly increased MVD(21.27 ± 6.54 vs. 10.26 ± 1.10 microvessels/high?power(200 ×)field, t = 5.607, P < 0.01)and apoptosis rate of keratinocytes(72.81% ± 9.234% vs. 28.16% ± 3.464%, t = 8.431, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between HIF?1αand VEGF expression, between VEGF and P?Akt expression, and between P?Akt and HIF?1αexpression in the lichen planus group(r=0.625, 0.453, 0.455, respectively, all P<0.01), and expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt was all positively correlated with MVD(r=0.721, 0.646, 0.671, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusion HIF?1αand its downstream target genes VEGF and P?Akt may play a certain role in the occurrence of lichen planus.

Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound?guided adductor canal blockade (ACB)after minor arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Sixty patients undergone minor arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly divided into group ACB(n=20)and group Control(n=20). All patients received spinal anesthesia. The patients in group ACB received ultrasound?gGuided ACB with 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine,and patients in group Control received 20 ml saline after the surgery. In addition ,all patients have a basic analgesic regimen with etoricoxib. Visual analogue scales(VAS) during rest and passive movement ,additional analgesic dose and side effects were recorded at 4,8,12,24 h Post?operation. At 24 h post?operation,the numbers of patients who can walk for 5 meters were recorded. Results VAS during rest and movement at 4 h,8 h and 12 h post?operation in group ACB were significantly lower than those in group Control. And all patients could walk 5m at 24 h post?operation. No headache,nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and other adverse reactions were observed in group ACB. There were four patients who received additional analgesic and one patient vomitted. Conclusions Significant analgesic effect of the ACB could be detected after minor arthroscopic knee surgery ,with less reduction in requirements for supplemental opioids.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors. Methods: From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis. Results: The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.456, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) vs 11.12% (232/2 086), χ²=11.51, P<0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ²=7.90, P<0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)]. Conclusion The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.

Objective To conduct a single-center retrospective analysis on the distribution characteristics and prevalence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients diagnosed with pathology for the past 16 years,to investigate diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of serum antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (PLA2R-Ab),and to evaluate the correlation between PLA2R-Ab and clinical disease activity.Methods (1) 6996 biopsy-proven primary glomerular nephropathy (PGN) patients,including 1567 IMN cases,admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2015 were involved.Demographics and pathological type were gathered from all patients.(2) 433 cases receiving renal biopsy and testing PLA2R-Ab from June 2015 to December 2015 were involved,with their clinical and laboratorial data being collected.During the period patients' follow-up time,therapeutic schedule and laboratory results were recorded.Results (1) IMN accounted for 22.4％ of primary glomerular disease,and patients above 40 years old accounted for more than 60％ of the IMN.(2) The sensitivity and specificity of serological PLA2R-Ab were 58.1％(95％CI 47.0％-68.5％) and 98.6％(95％CI 95.6％-99.6％) respectively.PLA2R-Ab positive rate was affected by immunosuppression therapy.(3) The PLA2R-Ab titers wasn't correlated with 24-hour urinary protein (r=-0.017,P=0.887),serum albumin (r=-0.072,P=0.549) and urinary red blood cell count (r=-0.030,P=0.802).There was no difference between PLA2R-Ab positive positive and PLA2R-Ab negative on proportion of IMN pathological stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).Thirteen cases of patients with PLA2R-Ab positive were all prescribed glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant.After (2.21± 1.09) months,the decrease of PLA2R-Ab titers was in accordance with 24-hour urinary protein quantity descending and serum albumin ascending (P ＜ 0.05).Condusions The incidence of IMN increase year by year,especially in the mid-aged and the elderly.Serum PLA2R-Ab correlates not with IMN pathological stage,but with the development of IMN.Monitoring PLA2R-Ab titers individually may access the efficiency of treatment.

Objective To verify the interaction between asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)and hepatitis B virus (HBV)preS1 protein in vivo and in vitro ,and identify ASGPR as a cell-surface receptor for HBV,which could elucidate the molecular mechanism of HBV infection.Methods The preS1-ASGPR interaction was examined in mammalian two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation system by strictly following the manufacturer’s instructions.Results ASGPR interacted specifically and directly with the preS1 domain of HBV in vivo and in vitro .Conclusion ASGPR may be a candidate receptor for HBV that mediates further step of HBV entry.

Objective:To explore the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)and its relationgship with the prognosis of breast cancer,and to provide evidence-based basis for the using of mTOR inhibitor in the treatment of breast cancer.Methods: A systemical literature search was conducted based on the following databases:PubMed,EMBbase,Cochrane Library,ISI Web of Science,and CNKI up to November 24,2015.The outcome measures were hazard ratio (HR)with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between the mTOR expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.The primary end points including disease-free survival (DFS ), and overall survival (OS ). STATA 12.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results:A total of seven cohort studies,1 758 patients were included. The risk of recurrence and metastasis of the breast cancer patients with positive expression of mTOR was 2.05 times of the patients with negative expression of mTOR (HR= 2.05, 95% CI: 1.01 - 4.13,P = 0.003);the risk of death in the breast cancer patients with positive expression of mTOR was 2.63 times of the patients with negative expression of mTOR (HR = 2.63, 95%CI:1.45-4.80,P = 0.736).Conclusion:The positive expression of mTOR can significantly increase the recurrence,metastasis and death risk of the patients with breast cancer.