PROPOSE: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: GSE21164 was extracted from an online database, followed by an investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPC treatment samples at 2 time points (T0T and T1T). Function and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes according to 5 different algorithms, followed by enrichment analysis. In addition, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified between the T0T and T1T samples. Furthermore, a competing endogenous RNA network was predicted based on the identified lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA), lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA-miRNA relationships revealed in this study. Finally, a drug-gene network was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0. Differences between groups were determined using an unpaired t-test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 343 DEGs at T0 and 10 DEGs at T1 were identified and compared with their respective control groups, followed by 100 DEGs between T0T and T1T. Based on these 100 DEGs, protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed 9 hub genes, mainly with mitochondria-related functions and the carbon metabolism pathway. Six differentially expressed lncRNAs were investigated between T0T and T1T. A competing endogenous RNA network was constructed using 259 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions, including alpha-2-macroglobulin antisense RNA 1-miR-7161-5p-iron-sulfur cluster scaffold. Finally, 13 chemical drugs associated with the hub genes were explored. CONCLUSION Iron-sulfur cluster scaffold may promote IPC-induced ischemic tolerance mediated by alpha-2-macroglobulin antisense RNA 1-miR-7161-5p axis. Moreover, IPC may induce a protective response after total knee arthroplasty via mitochondria-related functions and the carbon metabolism pathway, which should be further validated in the near future.
Humans ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Protein Interaction Maps ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Gene Regulatory Networks

Perianal lesions are characteristic manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) at the same time often herald the progression of the disease. CD fistula is one of the most common lesions, and the commonly used medications and biologics are unable to cure CD fistula. In recent years, new technology therapies have been widely used by clinicians to treat CD fistula, including platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This article provides an overview of the progress of these non-pharmacological therapies.

Perianal lesions are characteristic manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) at the same time often herald the progression of the disease. CD fistula is one of the most common lesions, and the commonly used medications and biologics are unable to cure CD fistula. In recent years, new technology therapies have been widely used by clinicians to treat CD fistula, including platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This article provides an overview of the progress of these non-pharmacological therapies.

Crohn′s disease (CD) is a refractory disease, and is lack of a perfect therapy due to the unknown pathogenesis. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is closely associated with CD. It is ineffective to treat CD with one species of probiotics. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplant is an emerging therapy for CD, which may increase the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria of CD patients, and induce clinical response and remission.However, there are controversies on exact efficacy, timing, dosage, and way of fecal microbiota transplant because of deficiency of standard protocol.

Crohn′s disease (CD) is a refractory disease, and is lack of a perfect therapy due to the unknown pathogenesis. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is closely associated with CD. It is ineffective to treat CD with one species of probiotics. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplant is an emerging therapy for CD, which may increase the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria of CD patients, and induce clinical response and remission.However, there are controversies on exact efficacy, timing, dosage, and way of fecal microbiota transplant because of deficiency of standard protocol.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacies of seton sequential treatment with different drugs for perianal fistula of active Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:Clinical data of 42 active CD patients with anal fistula undergoing seton sequential treatment in Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to seton sequential drugs, patients were divided into IFX group ( n = 11) , azathioprine group ( n = 14) and mesalazine group ( n = 17) . The pre- and post-operative symptoms, laboratory tests, disease activity indexes (CDAI and PDAI) , anal self-control (Wexner) score were compared among 3 groups. Results:Forty-two patients were followed up with a median time of 24 months (12-34 months) . The proportions of healing and effectiveness of anal fistula patients were 90.9%, 71.4% and 35.3% in the IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group respectively. There was a significant difference in anal fistula healing among 3 groups ( P = 0.020) . The CDAI scores after treatment in IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group were lower than those scores before treatment [ (96.66 ± 51.23) points vs (170.12 ± 52.67) points, (142.11 ± 79.68) points vs (196.82 ± 81.10) points, (179.91 ± 42.06) points vs (208.02 ± 42.60) points, all P<0.05]. There was a significant general difference in CDAI score among the 3 groups ( P = 0.005) . And the CDAI score after treatment in mesalazine group was obviously higher than that in IFX group ( P<0.05) . The PDAI scores after treatment in IFX group and azathioprine group were lower than those scores before treatment [ (1.71 ± 0.91) points vs (9.91 ± 3.53) points, (3.81 ± 2.40) points vs (10.07 ± 2.67) points, both P<0.05]. There was a significant general difference in PDAI score among IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group [ (1.71 ± 0.91) points vs (3.81 ± 2.40) points vs (10.45 ± 2.84) points, P<0.001] and the PDAI scores after treatment gradually increased (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Seton sequential treatment with drug is an effective method for the treatment of perianal fistula of active Crohn′s disease. IFX and azathioprine are suitable for the choice of sequential drugs.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacies of seton sequential treatment with different drugs for perianal fistula of active Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:Clinical data of 42 active CD patients with anal fistula undergoing seton sequential treatment in Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to seton sequential drugs, patients were divided into IFX group ( n = 11) , azathioprine group ( n = 14) and mesalazine group ( n = 17) . The pre- and post-operative symptoms, laboratory tests, disease activity indexes (CDAI and PDAI) , anal self-control (Wexner) score were compared among 3 groups. Results:Forty-two patients were followed up with a median time of 24 months (12-34 months) . The proportions of healing and effectiveness of anal fistula patients were 90.9%, 71.4% and 35.3% in the IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group respectively. There was a significant difference in anal fistula healing among 3 groups ( P = 0.020) . The CDAI scores after treatment in IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group were lower than those scores before treatment [ (96.66 ± 51.23) points vs (170.12 ± 52.67) points, (142.11 ± 79.68) points vs (196.82 ± 81.10) points, (179.91 ± 42.06) points vs (208.02 ± 42.60) points, all P<0.05]. There was a significant general difference in CDAI score among the 3 groups ( P = 0.005) . And the CDAI score after treatment in mesalazine group was obviously higher than that in IFX group ( P<0.05) . The PDAI scores after treatment in IFX group and azathioprine group were lower than those scores before treatment [ (1.71 ± 0.91) points vs (9.91 ± 3.53) points, (3.81 ± 2.40) points vs (10.07 ± 2.67) points, both P<0.05]. There was a significant general difference in PDAI score among IFX group, azathioprine group and mesalazine group [ (1.71 ± 0.91) points vs (3.81 ± 2.40) points vs (10.45 ± 2.84) points, P<0.001] and the PDAI scores after treatment gradually increased (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Seton sequential treatment with drug is an effective method for the treatment of perianal fistula of active Crohn′s disease. IFX and azathioprine are suitable for the choice of sequential drugs.

Industrial fermentation focuses on realizing the uniform of high titer, high yield, and high productivity. Multi-scale analysis and regulation, including molecule level, cell level, and bioreactor level, facilitate global optimization and dynamic balance of fermentation process, which determine high efficiency of biosynthesis, targeted directionality of bioconversion, process robustness, and well-organized system. In this review, we summariz and discuss advances in multi-scale analysis and regulation for fermentation process focusing on the following four aspects: 1) kinetic modeling of metabolic pathways, 2) characteristic of cell metabolism, 3) co-coupling fermentation and purification, and 4) bioreactor design. Integrating multi-scale analysis of fermentation process and integrating multi-scale regulation are expected as an important strategy for realizing highly efficient fermentation by industrial microorganisms.
Bioreactors ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Kinetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways

As one of the top 10 breakthrough and emerging technologies in the world in 2018, cultured meat has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of traceable origin, food safety and green sustainable development. Europe and the United States have invested a lot of resources to focus on research about cultured meat, which will affect our domestic meat and food market in the future. At present, the challenge of cultured meat production is how to efficiently simulate the growth environment of animal muscle tissue and realize large-scale production in bioreactor. Although cell tissue engineering has been deeply studied and achieved varying successful application, it is still difficult to obtain large-scale cultured meat production due to the high cost and technical requirements. Therefore, the development of efficient and safe cell culture technology is an urgent problem for large-scale cultured meat production, which can effectively reduce costs and achieve industrial application. In this review, we summarize the research progress of animal cell tissue culture technology used for cultured meat, and highlighted the current challenges and possible strategies in further applications.
Animals ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Meat ; Tissue Engineering ; United States

OBJECTIVETo analyze the diseases and effects of the manipulations to promoteby filiform needles, with the help of data mining technique.

METHODSLiterature about different manipulations to promoteby filiform needles in recent 60 years was collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). Then databases were established to mine the relativities among the diseases, subjects, acupoints selection law,routes and directions of meridianand effects.

RESULTS①Total 489 articles were included. The basic manipulations with the frequency of 630 were on the top. The auxiliary and four methods ofrespectively appeared 70 times. The diseases in the internal medicine were treated with the basic and auxiliary methods of the higher frequencies, 311 and 44 times separately. While the four methods ofwere mostly used in the surgical area, 37 timestotally. ②The diseases treated from high to low by lifting, thrusting and twirling represented retention of urine, sequelae of stroke, pain in waist and lower limbs, of which the effect for retention of urine was better than those of the other two, and the lifting and thrusting method was superior to twirling. ③As for the auxiliary methods, 25 times were found about vibration needling; 18 times, twisting. The highest frequency of 6 times for the vibration needling was on the sequelae of stroke; while 4 times for the twisting, stranguria. ④As to the four methods of,was most frequently applied, and its highest frequency of 18 was onsyndrome.

CONCLUSIONSManipulations to promoteby filiform needles are crucial to achieving the effects of acupuncture. The basic methods are widely used in clinic and have been seen good efficacy. While the auxiliary means assist to promoteto stimulate the body,among which the four methods ofare mainly to smooth the meridians and driveof patients with surgical diseases and take meridian blocking the priority.