Objective Based on the “excellent” performance achieved by our institution in the 2024 national intercomparison of monitoring individual dose from external exposure, this paper systematically summarizes key technical elements and optimization experiences in instrument calibration, operational protocols, and data analysis, aiming to provide methodological references and practical support for continuously enhancing the accuracy and reliability of individual dose monitoring. Methods As a participant in the intercomparison activity, our laboratory strictly followed the technical protocol formulated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results In the 2024 national intercomparison of monitoring individual dose from external exposure, the measurement results met the criteria of single-group performance \begin{document}$ \left|{P}_{i}\right| $\end{document} ≤ 0.10 and comprehensive performance B² + S² ≤ 0.10², and were rated as excellent. Conclusion The accuracy and reliability of monitoring individual dose from external exposure depend on the precision of instrument calibration, standardization of operations, and strictness of quality control. The effectiveness of the above quality control methods has been confirmed by the practice of our laboratory. These methods can be used to ensure the accuracy of measurement results.

Background: and Purpose CGG repeat expansion in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Notch 2 N-terminal-like C gene (NOTCH2NLC) has been associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and oculopharyngodistal myopathy type 3 (OPDM3). Few OPDM3 patients have been reported. This report describes two OPDM3 patients with novel imaging findings who presented the typical features of NIID, and reviews all OPDM3 cases available in the literature. Methods: The available clinical, imaging, and pathological information was reviewed and investigated. CGG repeat expansion in the 5'UTR of NOTCH2NLC was tested using the repeatprimed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by the fluorescence amplicon-length PCR to determine the number of CGG repeats. Results: Our two OPDM3 patients and most patients reported in the literature developed the typical clinical characteristics of NIID, including leukoencephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive deterioration, pigmentary retinopathy, ataxia, tremor, acute encephalitis-like episodes, pigmentary retinopathy, miosis, and sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to typical imaging findings of NIID, our two patients exhibited diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities in the middle cerebellar peduncles, which have not been described previously. Muscle biopsies revealed rimmed vacuoles and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in the myofibers in both patients. The skin biopsy performed in one patient detected typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Genetic analysis identified CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC as the causative mutation in the two patients. Conclusions Our two patients with OPDM3 had clinical characteristics of NIID and exhibited DWI abnormality in the cerebellum. Our results indicate that OPDM3 is within the spectrum of NIID and that DWI hyperintensities in the cerebellum are helpful for diagnosing NIID or OPDM3.

OBJECTIVE To introduce a case of interstitial pneumonia induced by vedolizumab （VDZ）， summarize and analyze the characteristics of the occurrence of VDZ-associated lung toxicity， and provide a reference for the clinically safe use of drugs. METHODS From the perspective of clinical pharmacists， the diagnosis and treatment of a case of VDZ-induced interstitial pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed， and the association of adverse drug reactions （ADR） was analyzed. Retrieving from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI， VIP， PubMed and Web of Science， case reports of VDZ-associated lung toxicity were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS The patient developed interstitial pneumonia during the use of VDZ and empirical anti- infective therapy with antibiotics was ineffective. After withdrawal of VDZ and treatment with methylprednisolone， symptoms and imaging examinations improved， but interstitial pneumonia still existed. According to Naranjo’s ADR evaluation scale and based on China Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring Manual， the association between VDZ and interstitial pneumonia was “very likely”. Results of the literature analysis showed that among 29 involved patients （including the patient reported in this article）， there were 19 males and 10 females， with an average age of （49.24±17.06） years. Lung toxicity mainly included VDZ- associated pneumonia， eosinophilic pneumonia， pulmonary granulomas or necrobiotic nodules， interstitial lung injury， etc.， which mostly occurred ≤24 weeks after medication （58.62%）. The main clinical manifestations included cough， dyspnea and fever. The vast majority of patients improved or recovered after drug withdrawal and/or glucocorticoid treatment， but one patient died of respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS Lung toxicity is a rare ADR of VDZ with insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms. Once patients experience symptoms such as cough and dyspnea， early diagnosis，timely drug withdrawal，and symptomatic treatment measures such as glucocorticoid should be taken to ensure medication safety.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of anti-rheumatoid arthritis-33(anti-RA33),interleu-kin-6(IL-6)and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels for treatment response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)based on the decision curve.Methods A total of 102 RA patients admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to August 2023 were selected.The clinical data of the patients were collected and their serum anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were detected.After half a year of treatment with methotrex-ate and etanercept,the patients were divided into good response group and non-response group according to the treatment response.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of anti-RA33,IL-6,hs-CRP and disease activity score 28(DAS28)in RA patients.Multivariate Logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of non-response in RA patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the efficacy of anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP in non-response to RA.The decision curve was used to analyze the net benefit of anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP alone or in com-bination to predict the non-response of RA patients to treatment.Results After half a year of treatment,80 patients had good or moderate response(good response group)and 22 patients had no response(non-response group).The course of disease in the good response group was shorter than that in the non-response group,and DAS28 score was lower than that in the non-response group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the good response group were lower than those in the non-response group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP were negatively correlated with DAS28 score(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that DAS28 score,anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were the influencing factors of non-response to treatment in RA patients(P＜0.05).ROC curves showed that the area under the curve of serum anti RA33,IL-6,hs-CRP single and combined for predicting patients without reaction were 0.729,0.814,0.831,0.948,and the combined prediction value was higher.The decision curve analysis showed that within the scope of the most reasonable threshold.The overall net benefit of serum anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP combined predicted treatment responsiveness in RA patients was higher than the net benefit predicted alone.Conclusion The levels of anti-RA33,IL-6 and hs-CRP are closely related to the treatment response of RA patients.The combination of the three has high clinical value and net benefit in predicting no response to treatment.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype of the MYH7-R453C mutation in five Chinese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) families.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 527 unrelated HCM probands who were first diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital) from February 2014 to July 2018, and the high-throughput whole exome targeted sequencing of 96 genes related to hereditary cardiovascular disease was performed on the probands. The probands carrying the MYH7-R453C mutation were screened out, and their family members carrying the mutation were verified using Sanger sequencing. Healthy individuals without family history of genetic diseases from the same period and ethnicity were recruited as controls. Clinical data such as echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the probands and their family members were collected, and the correlation between patient genotype and clinical phenotype was analyzed. Endpoint or key events were recorded through hospital re-examination or telephone follow-up.Results:The MYH7-R453C mutation was detected in 5 HCM probands, and clinical data and genetic results of 20 family members, including probands, were collected. Among them, 13 carried the MYH7-R453C mutation, of which 12 were diagnosed with HCM, and one child (F1Ⅲ 5) experienced early changes of HCM. The seven family members who did not carry the MYH7-R453C mutation had normal echocardiograms and 12-lead electrocardiograms. Among the 12 patients diagnosed with HCM, 2 experienced (F2Ⅱ 7, F5Ⅰ 2) sudden cardiac death, 2 experienced (F1Ⅲ 1, F3Ⅲ 3) events of sudden cardiac death survival, 2(F1Ⅱ 2, F3Ⅱ 1) died from heart failure during the follow-up period. Combined with the initial visit and follow-up, 4 families (F1, F2, F3, F5) had a family history of sudden death, among which 3 families probands or multiple family members experiencing sudden death before the age of 30 and adverse outcomes such as implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators after sudden death survival. Conclusions:In the five families with HCM carrying MYH7-R453C mutations, genotype is highly correlated with clinical phenotype, and patients have a high risk of sudden death and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of individuals carrying the MYH7-R453C gene mutation, both within the patient′s family and in the patients themselves, is crucial for initiating early treatment, preventing sudden death, and assessing prognosis.

Background: and Purpose CGG repeat expansion in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Notch 2 N-terminal-like C gene (NOTCH2NLC) has been associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and oculopharyngodistal myopathy type 3 (OPDM3). Few OPDM3 patients have been reported. This report describes two OPDM3 patients with novel imaging findings who presented the typical features of NIID, and reviews all OPDM3 cases available in the literature. Methods: The available clinical, imaging, and pathological information was reviewed and investigated. CGG repeat expansion in the 5'UTR of NOTCH2NLC was tested using the repeatprimed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by the fluorescence amplicon-length PCR to determine the number of CGG repeats. Results: Our two OPDM3 patients and most patients reported in the literature developed the typical clinical characteristics of NIID, including leukoencephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive deterioration, pigmentary retinopathy, ataxia, tremor, acute encephalitis-like episodes, pigmentary retinopathy, miosis, and sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to typical imaging findings of NIID, our two patients exhibited diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities in the middle cerebellar peduncles, which have not been described previously. Muscle biopsies revealed rimmed vacuoles and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in the myofibers in both patients. The skin biopsy performed in one patient detected typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Genetic analysis identified CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC as the causative mutation in the two patients. Conclusions Our two patients with OPDM3 had clinical characteristics of NIID and exhibited DWI abnormality in the cerebellum. Our results indicate that OPDM3 is within the spectrum of NIID and that DWI hyperintensities in the cerebellum are helpful for diagnosing NIID or OPDM3.

Background: and Purpose CGG repeat expansion in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Notch 2 N-terminal-like C gene (NOTCH2NLC) has been associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and oculopharyngodistal myopathy type 3 (OPDM3). Few OPDM3 patients have been reported. This report describes two OPDM3 patients with novel imaging findings who presented the typical features of NIID, and reviews all OPDM3 cases available in the literature. Methods: The available clinical, imaging, and pathological information was reviewed and investigated. CGG repeat expansion in the 5'UTR of NOTCH2NLC was tested using the repeatprimed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by the fluorescence amplicon-length PCR to determine the number of CGG repeats. Results: Our two OPDM3 patients and most patients reported in the literature developed the typical clinical characteristics of NIID, including leukoencephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive deterioration, pigmentary retinopathy, ataxia, tremor, acute encephalitis-like episodes, pigmentary retinopathy, miosis, and sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to typical imaging findings of NIID, our two patients exhibited diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities in the middle cerebellar peduncles, which have not been described previously. Muscle biopsies revealed rimmed vacuoles and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in the myofibers in both patients. The skin biopsy performed in one patient detected typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Genetic analysis identified CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC as the causative mutation in the two patients. Conclusions Our two patients with OPDM3 had clinical characteristics of NIID and exhibited DWI abnormality in the cerebellum. Our results indicate that OPDM3 is within the spectrum of NIID and that DWI hyperintensities in the cerebellum are helpful for diagnosing NIID or OPDM3.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital malformations in humans. Inconsistent results emerged in the existed studies on associations between air pollution and congenital heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of gestational exposure to air pollutants with congenital heart disease, and to explore the critical exposure windows for congenital heart disease. METHODS: The nested case-control study collected birth records and the following health data in Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, China. All of the cases of congenital heart disease from 2013 to 2015 were selected matching five healthy controls for each case. Inverse distance weighting was used to estimate individual exposure based on daily air pollution data. Furthermore, the conditional logistic regression with distributed lag non-linear model was performed to identify the association between gestational exposure to air pollution and congenital heart disease. RESULTS: A total of 8,748 mother-infant pairs were entered into the analysis, of which 1,458 infants suffered from congenital heart disease. For each 10 µg/m³ increase of gestational exposure to PM_2.5, the ORs (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) ranged from 1.008 (1.001-1.016) to 1.013 (1.001-1.024) during the 1^st-2^nd gestation weeks. Similar weak but increased risks of congenital heart disease were associated with O₃ exposure during the 1^st week and SO₂ exposure during 6^th-7^th weeks in the first trimester, while no significant findings for other air pollutants. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that gestational exposure to PM_2.5, O₃, and SO₂ had lag effects on congenital heart disease. Our results support potential benefits for pregnancy women to the mitigation of air pollution exposure in the early stage, especially when a critical exposure time window of air pollutants may precede heart development.
Infant ; Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Case-Control Studies ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology* ; Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Maternal Exposure/adverse effects*

Objective:To explore the rapid evaluation of the early pathogen of severe Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia by bedside diagnostic bronchoscopy, so as to start effective anti-infection treatment before the results of macrogenome next generation sequencing (mNGS) test. Methods:The clinical data of three patients with severe Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia who were successfully treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, the First People's Hospital of Aksu District, and the First Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from October 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including the rapid assessment of early pathogens by bedside diagnostic bronchoscopy and the use of antibiotics to start anti-infection treatment. These patients were successfully treated. Results:The three patients were male, aged 63, 45 and 58 years old, respectively. Before the onset of the penumonia, they had a clear medical history of bird exposure. The clinical manifestations mainly included fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and dyspnea. One case had abdominal pain and lethargy. The results of laboratory examination indicated that the peripheral blood white blood cell count (WBC) of two patients were high [(10.2-11.9)×10 9/L], the percentage of neutrophils increased (85.2%-94.6%) and the percentage of lymphocytes decreased (3.2%-7.7%) in all 3 patients after admission to hospital and entering into intensive care unit (ICU). The procalcitonin (PCT) of 3 patients increased after admission, and still increased when entering ICU (0.3-4.8 ng/L), so did C-reactive protein (CRP, 58.0-162.0 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 36.0-90.0 mm/1 h). After admission, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) increased in 2 cases (136.7 U/L, 220.5 U/L), so did aspartate transaminase (AST) in 2 cases (249.6 U/L, 164.2 U/L). ALT (162.2-267.9 U/L) and AST (189.8-223.2 U/L) increased in 3 patients when they entered ICU. The level of serum creatinine (SCr) of 3 patients were normal after admission and entering ICU. The chest computed tomography (CT) findings of 3 patients were acute interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung consolidation, of which 2 cases were accompanied by a small amount of pleural effusion, and 1 case was accompanied by more regular small air sacs. Multiple lung lobes were involved, but mainly one lung lobe. The oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) of the 3 patients admitting to ICU were 100.0, 57.5 and 105.4 mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa), respectively, which met with the diagnostic criteria of moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All three patients received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Under the bedside bronchoscope, the bronchial mucosa of 3 patients were obviously congested and edematous, without purulent secretion, and there was 1 case with mucosal hemorrhage. Three patients underwent bedside diagnostic bronchoscopy, and the evaluation result of the pathogen was that it might be atypical pathogen infection, so they were given moxifloxacin, cisromet and doxycycline intravenously, respectively, and combined with carbapenem antibiotics intravenously. After 3 days, the detection results of mNGS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed that only Chlamydia psittaci was infected. At this time, the condition was significantly improved, and PaO 2/FiO 2 was significantly increased. Therefore, the antibiotic treatment scheme remained unchanged, and mNGS only served to verify the initial diagnosis. Two patients were extubated on the 7th and 12th day of admission to the ICU, respectively, while one patient was extubated on the 16th day of admission to the ICU due to nosocomial infection. All 3 patients were transferred to the respiratory ward after the condition was stable. Conclusion:The bedside diagnostic bronchoscopy based on clinical characteristics is conducive to not only the rapid assessment of the early pathogens of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, but also effective anti-infection treatment before the returning of mNGS test results, which can make up for the lag and uncertainty of the mNGS test results.

【Objective】 To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for improving the policy of COVID-19 vaccination. 【Methods】 The socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data, disability, and COVID-19 vaccination status of 575 elderly adults who resided in long-term care facilities in Shaanxi Province were collected via Sojumpin in January 2022. Factors that affected non-vaccinated elderly adults were analyzed by using the SPSS 25.0 software. 【Results】 Of the included 575 participants, 199 (34.6%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Univariate analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age, room type, length of stay, marital status, number of children, chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, stroke, dementia), disability degree, and long-term medication use. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 90 years or above (OR=4.25), triple room (OR=6.17), moderate disability (OR=2.94), severe disability (OR=6.67), long-term medication use (OR=1.81), and stroke (OR=1.74) were independent risk factors for not injecting COVID-19 vaccine. 【Conclusion】 The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of elderly adults in long-term care facilities needs to be improved, and more attention should be paid to the high-risk groups (e.g., who are older, and have disability, long-term medication use, or stroke).