To thoroughly implement the strategic deployment outlined in the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine regarding research on dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine and to uphold the development philosophy of equal emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine，the China Association of Chinese Medicine has fully played a leading academic role by systematically organizing and conducting a series of academic youth salons on clinical dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine. On September 13，2024，the 36^th Youth Salon on Clinical Dominant Diseases was successfully held in Nanjing，focusing on the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and the integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED）. The conference brought together leading experts from traditional Chinese medicine，western medicine，and interdisciplinary fields，facilitating in-depth multidisciplinary discussions that led to key consensus on optimizing traditional Chinese medicine treatment protocols for ED，researching and developing new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，and advancing interdisciplinary development in traditional Chinese medicine. This salon systematically sorted out the clinical strengths and distinctive features of traditional Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of ED. Based on current research foundations and clinical needs，it identified key directions for future scientific layout and scientific research tackling： （1） Standardization of syndrome differentiation system of traditional Chinese medicine for ED. （2） Optimization and standardization of intervention methods of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. （3） High-quality clinical research guided by evidence-based medicine. （4） In-depth analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ED. （5） Clinical translation and application promotion of new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine. （6） Interdisciplinary integration and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine. For each research direction，key focus areas，expected objectives，and clinical value were further refined，along with the establishment of a scientifically sound priority funding level evaluation system. Therefore，building on the series of salons on the ED-focused dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine，this paper provides standardized guidance for clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in ED management，effectively contributing to the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine. It serves as a valuable reference for national scientific and technological strategic layout， research and development decision-making in new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，research topic planning，and clinical guideline formulation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Paragonimus infection in freshwater crabs from selected areas of Yunnan Province, and to perform molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated parasites based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Methods Freshwater crabs were collected from both local markets and natural streams in Zhaotong City, Pu’er City, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Baoshan City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Lincang City of Yunnan Province from May to August 2025. Paragonimus metacercariae were isolated using a sieve and sedimentation method. After morphological identification of the metacercariae, the infection rate and infection intensity of Paragonimus in freshwater crabs were calculated. Then genomic DNA was extracted from an individual metacercaria, and ITS2 and COI gene fragments were amplified using a PCR assay and sequenced. The obtained sequences were aligned with those available in the GenBank database. Genetic distances were calculated with the software MEGA 11.0 based on the Kimura 2-parameter model, and phylogenetic trees were built using the neighbour-joining method. Results A total of 600 freshwater crabs were collected, with 18 positive for Paragonimus metacercariae. The prevalence of Paragonimus infection was 12.00% (18/150) in freshwater crabs from Zhaotong City, while no Paragonimus infection was detected in crabs from other five prefectures (cities). Twenty metacercariae were recovered, with an overall infection intensity of 1.11 metacercariae per crab. Morphological observation revealed two types of Paragonimus metacercariae, including 19 resembling P. skrjabini, and 1 resembling P. paishuihoensis. Ten metacercariae of distinct morphotypes were randomly selected for molecular identification, and sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 and COI genes identified 9 as P. skrjabini and 1 as P. paishuihoensis. The nine ITS2 gene sequences shared 98.34% to 100.00% homology with the reference sequence of P. skrjabini (GenBank accession number: KX129924.1), and the single ITS2 gene sequence showed 100.00% homology with the reference sequence of P. paishuihoensis (GenBank accession number: OM401939.1), while its COI sequence showed 98.80% homology with the reference sequence of P. paishuihoensis (GenBank accession number: AB679288.1). Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that the 10 sequences were clustered separately into the clades of P. skrjabini and P. paishuihoensis. Conclusions This study reports the first detection of P. paishuihoensis in freshwater crabs from Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, and confirms P. skrjabini as the dominant Paragonimus species in this region. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 and COI genes are effective to distinguish Paragonimus species, which provides the scientific evidence for precise control of paragonimiasis in Yunan Province.

This article reports a rare case of autoinflammatory disease presenting initially with skin induration and swelling after trauma as the initial manifestation, followed by progressive limb weakness. The patient was a middle-aged female who developed skin induration and swelling after trauma, which gradually progressed to limb weakness, dysarthria and bilateral facial paralysis, accompanied by livedo reticularis of the lower extremities, diffuse skin induration of the limbs, and beaded subcutaneous nodules in the right upper limb. The patient had a susceptibility to infection since childhood and a history of chronic livedo reticularis. Skin pathological examination revealed panniculitis. A comprehensive etiological screening for special infections and autoimmune diseases was completed with an unremarkable results, and whole-exome sequencing showed no abnormal findings. Following a multidisciplinary discussion combined with RNA sequencing results, the patient was diagnosed with an autoinflammatory disease, with a suspected type Ⅰ interferonopathy. Treatment with tofacitinib resulted in gradual improvement of clinical symptoms. This case highlights the importance of detailed medical history collection, systematic physical examination and multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment, and underscores the pivotal role of molecular diagnosis in the confirmation of rare diseases. It can provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and management of similar rare cases.

The collateral disease theory stands as one of the most instructive frameworks for elucidating the pathology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）. Its characteristic pathological features—toxin damaging collaterals， dysfunction of Qi collaterals， and protracted illness involving collaterals—closely align with the manifestations of cytokine storms， immune dysregulation， and chronic damage induced by M. pneumoniae （MP）. Drug-resistant MP further exacerbates these manifestations and poses challenges in clinical treatment， making it essential to clarify the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP. However， existing studies still lack relevant elaboration， resulting in a gap in guidance by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory in clinical practice. Considering the instructive， scientific， and necessary role of the collateral disease theory in MPP， this paper thoroughly elucidates the pathological manifestations of MPP and the core evolutionary characteristics of collateral damage， and further provides a scientific interpretation from the perspective of collateral disease on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of TCM treatment of MPP over the past five years. This review aims to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP， enrich the scientific connotation of TCM theory， and bridge the gap in TCM theoretical guidance， thereby providing scientific research clues for TCM treatment of MPP.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with ruxolitinib cream in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo in Boao Super Hospital. All the patients were treated with oral baricitinib daily (2 mg/day for patients weighing ≤ 50 kg; 4 mg/day for those > 50 kg) in combination with topical application of ruxolitinib cream twice daily for 24 consecutive weeks. Disease severity was assessed using the facial vitiligo area scoring index (F-VASI) and total body VASI (T-VASI) at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the treatment course.Results:Six patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo were collected, including 3 males and 3 females, aged 26 - 42 years, with the disease duration ranging from 0.5 to 25 years. At week 12, 3 patients achieved a 50% ~ < 75% improvement in facial vitiligo lesions (F-VASI 50), 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75 (75% ~ < 90% improvement), and 1 patient achieved T-VASI 50; at week 24, 4 patients achieved F-VASI 50, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 90 (≥ 90% improvement), and 3 patients achieved T-VASI 50. During the treatment, upper respiratory infection occurred in 1 patient, acne in 1 patient, pruritus in 2 patients, elevation of total cholesterol levels in 2 patients, and increase of high-density lipoprotein levels in 2 patients. No severe adverse events were observed during the treatment.Conclusion:The combination therapy with baricitinib and ruxolitinib cream may have potential efficacy and safety in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.

Objective To observe the value of T1 mapping combining diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for noninvasive preoperative predicting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level in invasive breast cancer.Methods Totally 143 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively collected and divided into high group(TIL≥10％,n=73)and low group(TIL＜10％,n=70)according to TIL level by postoperation pathology.Clinicopathological information were collected,MRI features of breast cancer lesions were documented,mean T1 values(T1mean)and mean ADC values(ADCmean)were measured,and then were compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive factors of TIL levels,and a nomogram was constructed based on regression model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive value for TIL levels.Results Compared with low group,high group had higher proportion of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positivity(P＜0.05),and showed more circular/oval shapes and more smooth margins but less peritumoral edema(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of lesions enhancement pattern was found between groups(P＜0.05).T1mean and ADCmean were both higher in high group than those in low group(both P＜0.05).Lesions enhancement pattern,T1mean and ADCmean were all independent predictors of TIL levels in breast cancer.The AUC of nomogram combining the above 3 factors for predicting TIL level was 0.848,significantly higher than that of lesions enhancement pattern(AUC=0.569,Z=5.384,P＜0.05)and T1mean(AUC=0.662,Z=3.876,P＜0.05),but not statistically different with that of ADCmean(AUC=0.814,Z=1.578,P=0.115).Decision curve analysis showed that this nomogram had good clinical application value.Conclusion Combining T1 mapping and DWI could effectively predict level of TIL level in breast cancer before surgery.

Objective To explore the potential profiles of symptom burden among stroke patients and to analyze the differences in the characteristics of different classes of stroke patients,providing references for clinical nursing practice.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 485 stroke patients treated at 4 tertiary-level general hospitals in Anhui Province from July to December 2024 as the study population.The general information questionnaire,Stroke Symptom Cluster Scale,Personal Mastery Scale,and Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire.Latent profile analysis was employed to explore the categories of symptom burden among stroke patients,and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the influence factors of each category.Results A total of 456 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid response rate of 94.02％.Symptom burden among stroke patients can be divided into 4 latent profiles:low symptom burden group(69.08％),multiple symptom burden group(8.12％),moderate burden-physical activity impairment group(11.18％),and moderate burden-emotional and cognitive language impairment group(11.62％).The patient's age,number of stroke episodes,number of chronic diseases,systemic inflammation response index,personal mastery,and cognitive reserve were the factors influencing the latent profiles of symptom burden in stroke patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The symptom burden of stroke patients shows significant heterogeneity.Medical staff can develop targeted nursing interventions based on the category characteristics and influencing factors of the symptom burden in stroke patients.

Arenavirus infection in humans can lead to viral hemorrhagic fever,which is often fatal and poses a sig-nificant threat to public health.Currently,no effective therapeutic drugs or licensed vaccines are available for arenavirus infections,underscoring the urgency to strengthen the basic research on these viruses and develop novel antiviral therapies.This article summarizes the advancements of research on the structure,life cycle,pathogen-ic mechanisms,epidemiology,detection methods and newly discovered mammalian arenaviruses.Focusing on Las-sa virus,multiple candidate strategies for treatment of arenaviruses are explored,with expectations to provide ref-erences for the development of novel anti-arenaviral drugs.

Objective To compare the effectiveness between ultrasound-guided paravertebral block(PVB)and general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).Methods Clinical data of 284 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were collected.These were 78 cases of PVB(PVB group)and 206 cases of general anesthesia(general anesthesia group).A total of 61 cases in each of the two groups were matched with propensity score,and the operative time,intraoperative fluid infusion volume,postoperative haemoglobin changes,postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS),hospital stay,hospital costs,and incidence of postoperative complications were compared.Results The operations were completed in both groups of patients successfully,with stable vital signs during the operation and no intraoperative anesthetic complications such as bradycardia,respiratory depression,or hypotension.There were significant differences between the two groups in heart rate(HR)before the start of surgery[(66.5±10.4)beats/min vs.(77.5±11.7)beats/min,t=-5.471,P=0.000],HR at the end of surgery[(60.5±8.4)beats/min vs.(71.0±12.3)beats/min,t=-5.472,P=0.000],mean arterial pressure(MAP)before the start of surgery[(97.2±11.9)mm Hg vs.(103.1±12.3)mm Hg,t=-2.694,P=0.008],MAP at the end of surgery[(85.2±8.8)mm Hg vs.(94.3±11.6)mm Hg,t=-4.892,P=0.000],pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)before the start of surgery[(99.0±1.1)％vs.(99.6±0.6)％,t=-3.347,P=0.001]and SpO2 at the end of surgery[(99.2±1.1)％vs.(99.8±0.4)％,t=-4.122,P=0.000].The operative time was significantly shorter in the PVB group than that in the general anesthesia group[55.0(41.5,75.5)min vs.95.0(65.0,130.0)min,Z=-5.173,P=0.000].The postoperative haemoglobin changes[5(2,11)g/L vs.8(4,11)g/L,Z=-2.099,P=0.036],postoperative VAS score[1(1,1)points vs.1(1,2)points,Z=-3.342,P=0.001],postoperative hospital stay[3(2,3)dvs.4(3,6)d,Z=-6.016,P=0.000]and hospital costs[(14 499.4±2141.0)yuan vs.(19 634.2±3846.8)yuan,t=-9.109,P=0.000]were statistically lower in the PVB group than those in the general anesthesia group.Comparison of intraoperative fluid infusion volume[600(600,600)ml vs.600(600,1100)ml,Z=-1.800,P=0.072],postoperative venting time[1(1,1)d vs.1(1,1)d,Z=-1.045,P=0.296],and phase Ⅰ stone removal rate[88.5％(54/61)vs.82.0％(50/61),x2=1.043,P=0.307]showed no significant differences between the two groups.The incidence of postoperative complications in the PVB group was significantly lower than that in the general anesthesia group[6.6％(4/61)vs.19.7％(12/61),x2=4.604,P=0.032].Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PVB in PCNL maintains stable intraoperative vital signs,reduces operative time and bleeding,alleviates postoperative pain,reduces postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay,and saves medical costs,having a good safety and efficacy.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.