Early diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is of great significance for their prevention and treatment. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) assay can reflect the damage degree of alveolar epithelium and stromal tissue, and is simple, non-invasive and low-cost. Pervious study showed that the serum KL-6 level was higher in patients with various interstitial lung diseases (e.g. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease, primary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and systemic sclerosis combined with interstitial lung disease), non-small cell lung cancer, various pneumonias and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to healthy controls. Therefore, serum KL-6 has good sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of these diseases. Occupational pneumoconiosis is an interstitial lung disease with a well-established etiology. Pervious study has shown that serum KL-6 level was higher in patients with occupational silicosis, occupational asbestosis, and dust-exposed workers compared to healthy controls. However, due to the limited sample size and the inconsistent findings on different studies, further research is needed to study the role of serum KL-6 in the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Future studies should increase the sample size, improve the detection methods for serum KL-6, explore its feasibility as an early diagnostic biomarker for occupational pulmonary diseases, and investigate the efficacy andvalue of its combined application with other biomarkers in the early diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases, including occupational lung diseases, to fully exploit its predictive role in pulmonary diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of continuous nursing intervention on limb function and nursing quality after proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) internal fixation for femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. Methods From February, 2017 to November, 2018, 100 elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who underwent PFNA internal fixation in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 50) and observation group (n = 50), who accepted routine nursing and continuous nursing respectively for three months. They were assessed with Harris score and visual analogue scale for pain (VAS) before and after the intervention. The postoperative nursing effect was compared. Results The Harris score increased in both groups after the intervention (t > 45.98, P < 0.001), and increased more in the observation group than in the control group (t = 15.03, P < 0.001). The VAS score decreased in both groups after the intervention (t > 16.33, P < 0.001), and decreased more in the observation group than in the control group (t = 9.749, P < 0.001). The effect of nursing was better in the observation group than in the control group (Z = -2.272, P = 0.023). Conclusion Continuous nursing intervention can significantly improve the limb function and nursing satisfaction of elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture after PFNA.

【Objective】 To evaluate the association between prophylactic plasma transfusion and postoperative bleeding rate in critically ill patients undergoing different invasive procedures. 【Methods】 The information of ICU patients who received different invasive procedures from January 2019 to December 2019 in 6 tertiary hospitals in China were retrospectively investigated. The inclusion criteria of patients were as follows: age ≥ 18 years; received invasive procedures; INR ≥ 1.5 within 72 hours before surgery. Exclusion criteria were patients with incomplete case records. The patients finally included in the study were divided into prophylactic plasma transfusion group and non-prophylactic plasma transfusion group according to their plasma transfusion status. The outcome variable was the incidence of invasive procedure-related bleeding within 48 hours after different invasive procedures. 【Results】 A total of 407 patients underwent invasive procedures, and 362 patients were finally included in this study after excluding 45 patients with incomplete case records. The proportions of prophylactic plasma transfusion in different types of invasive procedures were central venous catheterization (46/146, 31.5%), thoracentesis (13/37, 35.1%), bronchoscopy (8/31, 25.8%), tracheal intubation (9/38, 23.7%), arterial catheterization (9/50, 18.0%) and others (13/60, 21.7%). The bleeding rates showed that different invasive procedures presented no statistical difference between the groups received plasma transfusion or not. In the prophylactic plasma transfusion group, the bleeding rate of arterial catheterization (4/9, 44.4%) was the highest, but all were potential bleeding, followed by tracheal intubation (4/10, 40.0%) and central venous intubation (16/46, 34.8%), with a higher rate of significant bleeding. 【Conclusion】 Prophylactic infusion of plasma did not reduce the bleeding rate after different invasive procedures, but prospective studies are needed to further confirm the conclusion; this study also provides a certain data basis for later prospective studies.

As a pattern recognition receptor, CD36 antigen participates in a series of pathophysiological processes, and has well been documented in transfusion medicine. This article reviews the discovery, structure and expression of CD36, the type and frequency of CD36 antigen deletion, as well as the relationship between anti-CD36 and transfusion-related immune diseases.

Objective:To explore the application effect of traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing on elderly patients with coronary heart disease(qi stagnation and blood stasis type) constipation.Methods:A total of 126 elderly patients with coronary heart disease (qi stagnation and blood stasis type) constipation were divided into the control group and the experimental group by random digits table method, 63 cases each; the control group received routine nursing, and the experimental group was given traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing; comparing the two groups of patients defecation, mental state, recurrence rate, and nursing satisfaction.Results:There was no significant difference in defecation frequency, each defecation time, defecation smoothness score, fecal trait score, fall inflated score, and self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score( P >0.05). After one month of nursing, defecation frequency, each defecation time, defecation smoothness score, fecal trait score, fall inflated score, and SAS score were (4.09±0.86) times/week, (5.12±1.24) min/time, (2.57±0.39) points, (1.53±0.31) points, (0.97±0.21) points, (49.27±4.15)points in the experimental group, (3.12±0.61) times/week, (6.87±1.52) min/time, (2.59±0.36) points, (2.02±0.44) points, (1.29±0.27) points, (54.42±6.01) points in the control group, the differences were significant ( t values were -6.638-7.081, all P<0.05). Within 1 month after nursing, the recurrence rate of constipation in the experimental group (14.3%, 9/63) was lower than that in the control group (74.6%, 47/63) , and the satisfaction rate of the experimental group (98.4%, 62/63) was higher than that in the control group (69.8%, 44/63) , the differences were significant(× 2 values were 46.414, 19.257, P<0.05). Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive care for elderly patients with coronary heart disease (qi stagnation and blood stasis type) constipation can significantly improve their defecation and psychological state, and can reduce the recurrence rate and improve the patient's satisfaction with nursing, which deserves further clinical application and research.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the applicability of 3 risk assessment methods to evaluate the occupational health risk of benzene and its analogues in the workplace of an aircraft maintenance enterprise. METHODS: The workshops of compound material,structural and electromechanical involved in exposure of benzene and its analogues in an aircraft maintenance enterprise were chosen as study subjects. The optimal indicator system of risk assessment on occupational chemical hazards( hereinafter referred to as“optimal indicator system”),the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model and risk index method were used to classify the benzene hazards of 5 operating posts in 3 workshops. The risk stratification results of the 3 assessment methods were compared. RESULTS: The results of optimal indicator system for benzene risk rating was mild risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications for toluene and xylene were light risk. The risk classifications of Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model for benzene,toluene and xylene were all low risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications of risk index method for benzene were all moderate risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications for toluene were harmless in all workplaces. The risk classifications for xylene were mild risk in all workplaces. CONCLUSION: There are differences among the evaluation results of the 3 risk assessment methods. The optimal indicator system could be more suitable for occupational health assessment of benzene and its analogues in aircraft maintenance industries.

Clinical studies have confirmed that cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment for lung cancer. Cryoablation has been clinically used in the treatment of various types of lung cancer,and has achieved good therapeutic effects. Some of the complications of cryoablation can be alleviated after symptomatic treat-ment. However,cryoablation still needs further research and exploration in clinical applications.

Objective To evaluate the effects of early neck isometrics exercise on relieving neck discomfort in patients after cerebellopontine angle surgeries.Methods The non-synchronous control study was conducted.The control group(40 patients recruited from March to June,2017) received routine nursing,while the intervention group (40 patients recruited from July to November,2017) performed early neck isometrics exercise in addition to routine nursing.Neck discomfort degree,neck rotation range,and Barthel score were measured and compared between two groups on Day 1,Day 3,Day 5,and Day 7 after surgeries.Results The intervention group had a high level of participation and no adverse events occurred.Neck discomfort degree of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group on Day 1,Day 3,and Day 5(P＜0.05).Neck rotation range of the intervention group was improved on Day 1 and Day 3 compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Barthel score of the intervention group on Day 3,Day 5 and Day 7 was significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early neck isometrics exercise in patients underwent cerebellopontine angle surgeries is safe and feasible,which can alleviate discomfort of neck,and improve patients' early postoperative experience and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the risk rating for chemical hazards of aromatics complex in a petrochemical enterprise using two risk assessment methods. METHODS: Occupational hygiene investigation and chemical detection for workplaces of the construction project were made. The risk ratings were made in five workplaces including that of the aromatics extraction,disproportionation,isomerization,xylene fractionation and adsorptive fractionation. Two risk assessment methods were employed. They were the optimal indicator system of risk assessment on occupational chemical hazards( optimal indicator system) and the semi quantitative risk assessment model of Singapore. The results of risk rating generated by the two risk assessment methods were then compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Using the optimal indicator system,the risk rating of benzene was mild in the five workplaces; and the risk rating of methylbenzene and xylene was slight. However,using the semi quantitative risk assessment model of Singapore,the risk rating of benzene was extremely high in both the aromatics extraction and disproportionation workplaces; the risk rating was high in xylene fractionation,and was medium in the isomerization and adsorptive fractionation workplaces. The risk rating of methylbenzene was high in the aromatics extraction and disproportionation workplaces,and was low in the other three workplaces. The risk rating of xylene was low in the five workplaces. CONCLUSION: The optimal indicator system is more feasible,practical and objective for the assessment of chemical hazards. It is more suitable for risk assessment of occupational chemical hazards in our country.

OBJECTIVE: To screen genetic polymorphisms in the 5'-flank region of 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase( hOGG1) gene and analyze the characteristics of their genetic distribution in Han population of radon exposure area in Guangdong Province. METHODS: A simple random sampling method was used to select 60 subjects as radon exposure population. The genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood. The single nucleotide at-1721 nt-+ 164 nt locus of hOGG1 were screened using polymerase chain reaction( PCR) amplification,purification and direct sequencing for polymorphisms. Genetic characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNP) in the study population were analyzed and compared with different populations reported in Hap Map data. RESULTS: The 5'-flank region of hOGG1 were amplified and sequenced in these 60 individuals( 120 chromosomes) of healthy Han Chinese in radon exposure area. Eight SNPs were identified by sequence alignment in the study population. Among them,there was 3 known polymorphisms and their minor allele frequencies( MAF) were-1493 G > A( 4. 2%),-834 G > C( 0. 8%) and-18 G > T( 3. 3%),respectively. The MAF of other 5 novel variations were-1455 G > A( 0. 8%),-1293 A > T( 23. 3%),-1187 C > A( 7. 5%),-337 C > A( 36. 7%) and-323 G > A( 0. 8%),respectively. The differences in the MAF distribution of-1493 G > A between the study population and the Hap Map-CEU were statistically significant( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Eight SNPs and their genetic characteristics were screened and identified in the 5'-flank region of hOGG1 of Han Chinese population in radon exposure area. This result provides a basis for construction of polymorphism haplotypes and functional analysis for the target population.