[Purpose]To analyze the trend of prostate cancer mortality in China from 2011 to 2020,and to predict the prostate cancer mortality trend from 2021 to 2030.[Methods]The data were collected from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)from 2011 to 2020,the burden of prostate cancer in China from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by the number of deaths,age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),years of life lost(YLL)and age-standardized YLL rate.Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change(AAPC)to describe the trend of change.The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the mor-tality rate of prostate cancer from 2021 to 2030 and estimate the number of deaths of prostate can-cer in the future.Decomposition analysis was carried out to explore the potential drivers of changes of mortality.[Results]The number of prostate cancer deaths in China in 2020 was 30 805 with an ASMR of 5.56/105.The ASMR for prostate cancer in urban and rural areas was 6.56/105 and 4.84/105,respectively.From 2011 to 2020,the number of prostate cancer deaths,ASMR and age-standardized YLL rate of prostate cancer in China showed an upward trend,AAPC was 5.4％(95％CI:4.7％～6.1％),1.5％(95％CI:1.4％～1.6％)and 1.1％(95％CI:1.1％～1.2％),respective-ly.The ASMR of prostate cancer was higher in the eastern region than those in the central and western regions.Prostate cancer deaths increased in both urban and rural areas among people aged 60 years old and above.In 2030,it is predicted the ASMR of prostate cancer would increase to 5.74/105.Population aging,changes in age-specific mortality rates,and natural population growth accounted for 24.75％,2.77％,and 7.45％of the changes in total deaths of prostate can-cer,respectively.[Conclusion]The burden of prostate cancer is increasing in China.Targeted measures should be implemented in high-risk areas and high-risk groups to effectively reduce the disease burden caused by prostate cancer.

[Purpose]To analyze the trend of prostate cancer mortality in China from 2011 to 2020,and to predict the prostate cancer mortality trend from 2021 to 2030.[Methods]The data were collected from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)from 2011 to 2020,the burden of prostate cancer in China from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by the number of deaths,age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),years of life lost(YLL)and age-standardized YLL rate.Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change(AAPC)to describe the trend of change.The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the mor-tality rate of prostate cancer from 2021 to 2030 and estimate the number of deaths of prostate can-cer in the future.Decomposition analysis was carried out to explore the potential drivers of changes of mortality.[Results]The number of prostate cancer deaths in China in 2020 was 30 805 with an ASMR of 5.56/105.The ASMR for prostate cancer in urban and rural areas was 6.56/105 and 4.84/105,respectively.From 2011 to 2020,the number of prostate cancer deaths,ASMR and age-standardized YLL rate of prostate cancer in China showed an upward trend,AAPC was 5.4％(95％CI:4.7％～6.1％),1.5％(95％CI:1.4％～1.6％)and 1.1％(95％CI:1.1％～1.2％),respective-ly.The ASMR of prostate cancer was higher in the eastern region than those in the central and western regions.Prostate cancer deaths increased in both urban and rural areas among people aged 60 years old and above.In 2030,it is predicted the ASMR of prostate cancer would increase to 5.74/105.Population aging,changes in age-specific mortality rates,and natural population growth accounted for 24.75％,2.77％,and 7.45％of the changes in total deaths of prostate can-cer,respectively.[Conclusion]The burden of prostate cancer is increasing in China.Targeted measures should be implemented in high-risk areas and high-risk groups to effectively reduce the disease burden caused by prostate cancer.

Objective To observe CT manifestations of unicentric Castleman disease(UCD)in children.Methods Totally 7 children with solitary UCD confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT manifestations of lesions were observed.Results The lesions presented as circular mass,with smooth,regular and clear edge in all 7 cases,the maximum diameter of lesions was 15.1-74.3 mm,and the average diameter was(42.57±19.05)mm.Among 7 cases,lesions located in the neck,mediastinum and abdominal cavity each in 2 cases,respectively,while in 1 case located in inguinal area.Non-enhanced CT showed soft tissue density lesion in all 7 cases including 6 with uniform density without bleeding,calcification or necrosis,while lesion in mediastinum had short linear high-density calcification in 1 case.Satellite lesions around the mass were noticed in 6 cases.After enhanced scanning,in arterial phase lesions moderately enhanced in 4 cases and significantly enhanced in 3 cases,which all significantly enhanced in venous phase,and abundant small blood vessels around lesions were observed in all 7 cases,while fissure signs were observed in 3 cases.Conclusion UCD in children presented as soft tissue mass with clear boundary,uniform density and significant enhancement on CT,with abundant nourishing blood vessels and satellite lesions around,while some with calcifications and fissure signs.

Objective To observe CT manifestations of unicentric Castleman disease(UCD)in children.Methods Totally 7 children with solitary UCD confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT manifestations of lesions were observed.Results The lesions presented as circular mass,with smooth,regular and clear edge in all 7 cases,the maximum diameter of lesions was 15.1-74.3 mm,and the average diameter was(42.57±19.05)mm.Among 7 cases,lesions located in the neck,mediastinum and abdominal cavity each in 2 cases,respectively,while in 1 case located in inguinal area.Non-enhanced CT showed soft tissue density lesion in all 7 cases including 6 with uniform density without bleeding,calcification or necrosis,while lesion in mediastinum had short linear high-density calcification in 1 case.Satellite lesions around the mass were noticed in 6 cases.After enhanced scanning,in arterial phase lesions moderately enhanced in 4 cases and significantly enhanced in 3 cases,which all significantly enhanced in venous phase,and abundant small blood vessels around lesions were observed in all 7 cases,while fissure signs were observed in 3 cases.Conclusion UCD in children presented as soft tissue mass with clear boundary,uniform density and significant enhancement on CT,with abundant nourishing blood vessels and satellite lesions around,while some with calcifications and fissure signs.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis involving hip joint.Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight patients with ankylosing spondylitis involved in the hip joint were selected who were treated in the People′s Hospital of Longhua District from January 2017 to February 2020. The patients were divided into computed tomography(CT) group (64 cases) and MRI group (64 cases) according to the examination method of CT and MRI were performed respectively, and the incidence of abnormal hip joints were analyzed, and the prognostic treatment effects of the two groups were compared after following up.Results:Twenty-seven cases of fat deposition, 43 cases of subchondral bone marrow edema and 31 cases of inflammatory changes of tendon and ligament attachment were detected in MRI group, while CT didn′t showed these changes. Thirty-four cases of hip joint lesions were detected in CT group, the detection rate was 53.1%(34/64), and 56 cases of hip joint lesions were detected in MRI group, the detection rate was 87.50(56/64), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treated for 3 months, the cure rate of the MRI group was higher than that of the CT group: 65.6%(42/64) vs. 34.4% (22/64), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=18.11, P<0.05). Conclusions:MRI is an important imaging method for the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis involving the hip joint, and its diagnostic sensitivity is better than that of CT.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and imaging features of pediatric neuroglial heterotopia (NGH) in different locations.Methods:The clinical and preoperative imaging data of 9 patients (6 boys and 3 girls, median age 3 months, range from 1 to13 months) with NGH confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2009 to December 2020. All patients underwent preoperative CT or/and MR examination. Follow-up was performed in 12 to 60 months after operation, with a median follow-up time of 24 months. The location, range, size, density/signal intensity of the lesions were reviewed.Results:Of all 9 cases, three cases were located in nose (2 extranasal type and 1 mixed type), with the maximum diameter of 13, 13 and 15 mm; there were 3 lesions in tongue, all of which were located on the dorsum of tongue, with the maximum diameter of 13, 18 and 23 mm; there were also 2 cases located in nasopharynx, maximum diameter of 15 and 22 mm, respectively. One case was in sacrococcygeal area, with the maximum diameter as 18 mm. All lesions presented as solid masses with well-defined margins, displaying slightly low density compared to grey matter. The CT value ranged from 25 to 47 HU. Compared to grey matter or spinal cord, MRI demonstrated isointense or slight hypointense on T 1WI and slight hyperintense on T 2WI. All masses presented homogenous density or signal intensity, with mild homogenous enhancement. During postoperative follow-up, no recurrence was found in 8 cases. One case of nasal NGH with gradeⅡcleft lip recurred at 1 month follow-up after surgery, and no recurrence was found after the second surgery. Conclusions:The NGH in children has typical imaging features, and is mostly located at the extracranial midline structure.It presents as solid mass, with quasi-circular morphology, well-defined margins and homogeneous density or signal intensity similar to gray matter or spinal cord. The postoperative recurrence rate is low.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and genetic features of children with papillorenal syndrome caused by PAX2 gene mutation.Methods Clinical manifestations,imaging changes and sequencing data were collected and analyzed from a family with papillorenal syndrome who were diagnosed in Wuhan Children's Hospital in February 2018."PAX2","papillorenal syndrome" and "renal coloboma syndrome" were used as key words to search in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wangfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,PubMed and Human Gene Mutation Database up to April 2018.Results A ten years old girl was admitted due to "edema and urine output decreased for one week".Lab showed BUN 25.30 mmol/L,Scr 766.5 μmol/L,Urine protein 3.6 g/24 h.Imaging examination showed bilateral vesical and ureter reflux combined with left duplex kidney and duplication of ureter.Developmental dysplasia of the left hip was also found.The father of the patient had been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease for 10 years and on hemodialysis for 6 years.Next generation sequencing revealed that both the father and daughter carried a heterozygous nonsense mutation in the exon3 c.219C ＞ G(p.Y73X) of PAX2.No Chinese literature ever was reported about papillorenal syndrome.Ninety-four articles in English were retrieved and 177 patients with papillorenal syndrome were confirmed by gene analysis with a total of 92 PAX2 variants.Ten nonsense mutations had been reported.Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) never be reported before.Conclusion Papillorenal syndrome caused by PAX2 mutation can mainly manifest as abnormal development of both kidney and optic nerve,which may be accompanied by other systemic abnormalities,it is rarely reported in China.DDH may be a new phenotype of papillorenal syndrome.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by singer marker （QAMS） for determining the contents of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece. METHODS： HPLC external standard method was used to determine the contents of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece simultaneously [the separation was carried out on Diamonsil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution）； the detection wavelengths of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin and kaempferol were set at 254 nm（0-60 min）； the detection wavelength of diosgenin was set at 202 nm （60-75 min） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃]. Using vanillic acid as internal standard， relative correction factors （RCFs） of aother 5 components were calculated and to investigate durability. Relative retention method was used to accurately locate the chromatographic peaks of the components to be determined， and then the contents of the aother 5 components in Polygonati Rhizoma were calculated according to RCFs， and the results were compared with those determined by external standard method. The method was validated by Polygonati Rhizoma decoction piece. The contents of 6 components were determined by QAMS method and external standard method respectively， and then the differences of content determination were compared between 2 methods. RESULTS： The methodology investigation results of HPLC method were in line with related requirements. Within the linear range， the RCFs of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol were 0.195， 0.025， 0.263， 0.345 and 0.075， respectively. Under different experiment conditions， RCFs showed good reproducibility； there was no statistical significance of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece determined by external standard method and QAMS method （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Established QAMS method is suitable for simultaneous determination of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece.

Objective To analysis the change of hip joint in healthy infants by ultrasound,and establish the normal reference value of the developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH). Methods A total of 8 000 healthy infants from 0 to 24 weeks were collected from the Multi-center study of 10 children′s medical centers. Among them,3 855 infants(2 065 females and 1 790 males) with complete data and follow-up were included in this study. All subjects were divided into 6 groups ( ＜4,4～7,8～11,12～15,16～19 and≥20 weeks group). α angle,femoral head length and width,femoral head coverage ratio by acetabulum ( FHC) were measured in the coronal view on the neutral position;distance from pubis to femoral head ( P-H) and distance from ischium to femoral head ( I-H ) were measured in the transverse view on neutral position;distance from femoral head topubis ( H-P) was measured in the posterolateraltransverse view on the flexion position. The results of each group changes with age were analysised. Results ① The α angle of healthy infants from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ②The femoral head length and width of all age groups were increased with age,the difference among all the groups was statistically significant( all P ＜0.05). ③ FHC from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05) except between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ④ The P-H and I-H in all age groups showed no statistically significant ( all P＞0.05). ⑤The H-P of all age groups were increased with age,the difference between the groups were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The development of hip joints have the certain regular developmental pattern in healthy infants less than 5 months of birth and are relatively constant after birth more than 5 months. The ultrasound normal reference value of the hip joints can be used for the early diagnosis of the DDH.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Yigu granule. METHODS:L9(34)orthogonal test was used, using comprehensive scores of transfer rate of icariin,gentiopicroside,loganic acid and yield rate as evaluation indexes,alcohol volume fraction,the amount of solvent,extraction times and extraction time as investigation factors,extraction technology of Yigu granule was optimized,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimized extraction technology was 10-fold 60%ethanol reflux extraction for twice,1 h once. Results of verification test showed,average transfer rates of icariin,gentiopicroside and loganic acid were 81.28%(RSD=1.54%,n=3),48.71%(RSD=2.37%,n=3)and 59.82%(RSD=2.52%,n=3);aver-age yield rate was 31.48%(RSD=1.97%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology for Yigu granule is sta-ble and feasible with good reproducibility,which can provide basis for the follow-up study of production process.