Methods: Six finite element models of T12 burst fractures were developed to simulate short-segment stabilization under normal or osteoporotic bone conditions, with/without augmentation screws at the fractured vertebra. Spinal stiffness, implant stresses, and axial displacement/micromotion of the bony defect were measured and compared under mechanical loading. Results: Osteoporotic models exhibited a greater range of motion (ROM) than normal bone. All six-screw constructs reduced ROM across all motions compared with traditional four-screw models. Osteoporotic fracture models gained greater benefit from intermediate screw augmentation at the fracture vertebra, which also lowered axial displacement/micromotion. In six-screw models, rod stress increased while pedicle screw stress decreased. Intermediate screws at fractured vertebrae produced similar changes in stress distribution across all fixation models, regardless of bone quality. Conclusions Our findings may facilitate implant selection for osteoporotic burst fractures, supporting the use of more rigid fixation sixscrew constructs to reduce the risk of mechanical failure and postoperative re-collapse.

Objective:To deeply analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases.Methods:The incidence data of notifiable intestinal infectious diseases in China from 2013 to 2022 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the distributions of intestinal infectious diseases in China, and the annual change rate and seasonal index were calculated.Results:During 2013-2022, intestinal infectious diseases were reported nationwide, with the cases accounting for 43.50% of all notifiable infectious disease cases. The average reported incidence rate was 224.50/100 000, showing a decreasing trend year by year (average annual percent change=-6.45%, t=-2.76, P=0.025). The top 5 intestinal infectious diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (130.40/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (80.18/100 000), dysentery (7.45/100 000), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (2.49/100 000) and viral hepatitis E (1.92/100 000). The incidences of dysentery, HFMD, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever, viral hepatitis A and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis all showed decreasing trends year by year (all P<0.05), while the incidences of hepatitis E and other infectious diarrhea showed no significant changes with year (both P>0.05). The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was high during May to October, with the peak in June. The incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was significantly higher in men than in women (all P<0.05). The HFMD, other infectious diarrhea and dysentery cases were mainly children aged 0-5 years, while the cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases were mainly farmers aged ≥20 years. The annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in southern provinces (283.66/100 000) than in northern provinces (142.63/100 000), and the annual reported incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was higher in coastal provinces (279.52/100 000) than in inland provinces (181.78/100 000), the differences were all significant (both P<0.001). Conclusions:During 2013-2022, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases decreased significantly in China, with HFMD and other infectious diarrhea as the main diseases. Strengthened surveillance for intestinal infectious diseases should be carried out in key groups, such as children living scatteredly and farmers, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemiological characteristics of different diseases to effectively reduce the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in China from 2015 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the adjustment of prevention and control strategies and measures for AHC.Methods:The case data of AHC reported by national notifiable disease information system from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive analysis method were used to analyze the population distribution characteristics, temporal epidemiological trends and spatial clusters of AHC in China.Results:From 2015 to 2022, the incidence of AHC in China ranged from 1.85/100 000 to 2.97/100 000, with a fluctuating downward trend. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was -4.91 (95% CI: -7.74 to -2.00, P<0.05), with an annual percent change (APC) of 2.73 (95% CI: -2.34 to 8.06, P=0.189) for 2015—2019 and an APC of -14.23 (95% CI: -21.78 to -5.94, P<0.05). The age-specific incidence rate was highest in children aged 0-4 years (fluctuating between 4.69 and 5.67/100 000 from 2015 to 2019; It decreased significantly during 2020—2022, fluctuating between 1.93 and 2.72 per 100 000).The proportion of cases in children at 0-4 years of age showed a fluctuating downward trend from 8.68% in 2015 to 3.76% in 2020, with an increase in 2021—2022 to 5.74%. After 2020, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above has increased, reaching 33.59% in 2022. Cases were mainly farmers, with a fluctuating upward trend of around 50% per year, with the highest percentage of 60.96% in 2020. The peak seasonal incidence of AHC was obvious from May to September from 2015 to 2019, but it was not obvious in 2020—2022. The cases were mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces in the southwestern part of China. The high incidence counties were concentrated in Leye County of Guangxi, Maojian District of Hubei, Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi, Funing County of Yunnan, and Pulan County of Tibet every year. Conclusions:The overall epidemic rate of AHC in China showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2015 to 2022, with a pronounced decline observed between 2020 and 2022, potentially linked to non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased attention needs to be given to farmers and people above 60 years of age to reduce the risk of morbidity. Moreover, prevention and control efforts should be strengthened in high-risk areas of southwestern China, and comprehensive measures should be implemented in counties with high incidence, including enhanced health education campaigns and improved allocation of sanitary facilities, to reduce the risk of AHC infection. This study is the first to highlight the potential impact of public health policies on AHC epidemiology, thereby offering a scientific foundation for population- and region-specific precision prevention strategies, particularly guiding the refinement of control measures in high-burden areas.

Objective To investigate the value of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods A total of 138 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer patient(lung cancer group)and 52 patients with benign lung diseases(control group)in Anhui NO.2 Provincial People's Hospital from June 2020 to March 2024 were selected as the research objects.The clinical data and serum tumor markers[neuron-specific enolase(NSE),cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),Pro-gastrin-relea-sing peptide(ProGRP)and squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC)]of all groups were compared.Results There were significant differences in age and smoking history between the two groups(P＜0.05).The serum levels of NSE,CYFRA21-1,CEA,ProGRP and SCC in lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history,age,CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels were all influen-cing factors for the occurrence of lung cancer(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analy-sis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of smoking history,age,CEA and CYFRA21-1 in the combined diagnosis of lung cancer was 0.906(95％CI:0.865-0.947),which was higher than the AUC for the individual diagnosis of each index.The levels of serum CYFR21-1 and CEA in the stage Ⅰ—Ⅱ group were significantly lower than those in the stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels were influ-ential factors in the occurrence of lung cancer stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of CEA and CYFRA21-1 for the diagnosis of lung cancer stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were 0.750(95％CI:0.667-0.832)and 0.771(95％CI:0.691-0.852),respectively.The AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.834(95％CI:0.765-0.902),the sensitivity was 58.9％,and the specificity was 95.3％.Conclusion Smoking history,age,CEA,and CYFRA21-1 may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer,espe-cially CEA and CYFRA21-1,which are also of great significance for the staging of lung cancer from stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅳ.

Increasing evidence showed that histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6)dysfunction is directly associated with the onset and progression of various diseases,especially cancers,making the development of HDAC6-targeted anti-tumor agents a research hotspot.In this study,artificial intelligence(AI)technology and molecular simulation strategies were fully integrated to construct an efficient and precise drug screening pipeline,which combined Voting strategy based on compound-protein interaction(CPI)prediction models,cascade molecular docking,and molecular dynamic(MD)simulations.The biological potential of the screened compounds was further evaluated through enzymatic and cellular activity assays.Among the identified compounds,Cmpd.18 exhibited more potent HDAC6 enzyme inhibitory activity(IC50=5.41 nM)than that of tubastatin A(TubA)(IC50=15.11 nM),along with a favorable subtype selectivity profile(selectivity index ≈ 117.23 for HDAC1),which was further verified by the Western blot analysis.Additionally,Cmpd.18 induced G2/M phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in HCT-116 cells,exerting desirable antiproliferative activity(IC50=2.59 μM).Furthermore,based on long-term MD simulation trajectory,the key residues facilitating Cmpd.18's binding were identified by decomposition free energy analysis,thereby elucidating its binding mechanism.Moreover,the representative conformation analysis also indicated that Cmpd.18 could stably bind to the active pocket in an effective conformation,thus demonstrating the potential for in-depth research of the 2-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one scaffold.

This research study focuses on addressing the limitations of current neuropathic pain(NP)treatments by developing a novel dual-target modulator,E0199,targeting both Nav1.7,Nay1.8,and Nay1.9 and Kv7 channels,a crucial regulator in controlling NP symptoms.The objective of the study was to synthesize a compound capable of modulating these channels to alleviate NP.Through an experimental design involving both in vitro and in vivo methods,E0199 was tested for its efficacy on ion channels and its therapeutic potential in a chronic constriction injury(CCI)mouse model.The results demonstrated that E0199 significantly inhibited Nav1.7,Nav1.8,and Nav1.9 channels with a particularly low half maximal inhibitory concentration(ICs0)for Nay1.9 by promoting sodium channel inactivation,and also effectively increased Kv7.2/73,Kv7.2,and Kv7.5 channels,excluding Kv7.1 by promoting potassium channel acti-vation.This dual action significantly reduced the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and alle-viated pain hypersensitivity in mice at low doses,indicating a potent analgesic effect without affecting heart and skeletal muscle ion channels critically.The safety of E0199 was supported by neurobehavioral evaluations.Conclusively,E0199 represents a ground-breaking approach in NP treatment,showcasing the potential of dual-target small-molecule compounds in providing a more effective and safe thera-peutic option for NP.This study introduces a promising direction for the future development of NP therapeutics.

End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is an important means of evaluating human lung function and is widely used in fields such as clinical emergency treatment and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This paper develops a microstream end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring system. It adopts an integrated gas circuit design to further reduce the size of the equipment. The system uses the method of calculating the root mean square (RMS) of differential pressure signals to regulate the gas circuit flow, enabling the system to stably operate at a flow state of 30 mL/min. In addition, by simultaneously detecting multiple environmental parameters such as temperature and pressure, the system realizes system state monitoring and gas parameter compensation. The test results show that various indicators of the system meet the requirements of relevant standards, laying a good foundation for subsequent engineering applications.
Carbon Dioxide/analysis* ; Equipment Design ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Humans

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*