Objective To analyze the cognitive function and sleep quality of the elderly in Shanghai community, and explore the related influencing factors. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 community health centers in Shanghai for a questionnaire survey, including 3 677 elderly individuals who completed the “Comprehensive Health Status Survey of Elderly Residents in Shanghai” from September 2023 to November 2023. Basic information of the elderly was collected, including age, gender, education level, smoking, drinking, mahjong playing behavior, and exercise habits. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality of the elderly, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) self-assessment questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate cognitive function, while the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess anxiety and depression levels, and the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) was used to evaluate nutritional status. According to the MMSE scores, the elderly were divided into three groups: no cognitive impairment (MMSE ≥ 27), mild cognitive impairment (MMSE 21-26), and moderate to severe cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤ 20). The general data, lifestyle habits, and scale scores of the three groups were compared. Ordered logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of sleep quality. Results There were statistically significant differences in age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), education level, pet ownership, smoking, drinking, mahjong playing behavior, exercise habits, and scale scores among the three groups (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, waist circumference, gender, drinking habits, mahjong playing behavior, and chronic comorbidities are influencing factors for the PSQI grading in the elderly (P＜0.05). The MMSE score (OR＝1.037, P＝0.001), SCD score (OR＝1.123, P＜0.001), HAMA score (OR＝1.183, P＜0.001), PHQ-9 score (OR＝1.249, P＜0.001) are positive influencing factors for PSQI grading, while the MNA score is a negative influencing factor (OR＝0.960, P＝0.037). Conclusions Advanced age, female gender, low education level, no pet ownership, no mahjong playing behavior, no exercise habits, and poor sleep quality are risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly. Advanced age, female gender, no mahjong playing behavior and poor nutritional status are influencing factors for poor sleep quality in the elderly, and severe comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and subjective decline in cognitive function all affect sleep quality.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the components migrating to blood and metabolites of Polygonum cuspidatum in rats with acute gouty arthritis （AGA）. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group and P. cuspidatum group （10 g/kg， by raw material）， with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group， AGA model was induced in the remaining groups by injecting potassium oxonate and sodium urate； meanwhile， they were administered corresponding drug solutions or water intragastrically， once a day， for 10 consecutive days. The histopathological morphology of the knee joint tissues in rats was observed；rat serum samples were collected， and the components migrating to blood and metabolites of P. cuspidatum were analyzed by using UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. RESULTS Following the intervention with P. cuspidatum， the histopathological morphology of the knee joint synovial tissue in AGA rats showed significant improvement， with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia， and the preservation of the honeycomb-like structure integrity. In both positive and negative ion modes， a total of 67 chemical components were detected in the serum of rats from P. cuspidatum group， including 25 prototype components and 42 metabolites. The involved compound types encompassed stilbenes， anthraquinones， naphthols， and flavonoids， among others. The metabolic reactions identified included methylation， acetylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation. Notably， compounds such as polydatin， resveratrol and emodin were capable of entering the bloodstream in their prototype forms and undergoing in vivo metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Compounds such as polydatin， resveratrol and emodin are likely to be the active components responsible for the anti-AGA effects of P. cuspidatum.

ObjectiveTo investigate the infection characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, from 2013 to 2023, so as to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of RSV in Shanghai. MethodsChildren who sought medical care at sentinel healthcare facilities in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, between January 2013 and December 2023 and met the case definition of ARI were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and tested for viral pathogens using real-time fluorescene PCR, and the clinical information of whom was collected simultaneously. ResultsA total of 4 980 children were included in the ARI surveillance, among whom 231 tested positive for RSV, with an overall detection rate of 4.64%. Of these, 106 cases were type A and 125 were type B. From 2013 to 2023, the detection rate of RSV in children showed an overall trend of initial increase followed by a decline, with higher detection rates in autumn and winter and lower rates in spring and summer. The RSV detection rate gradually decreased with age, with the highest rate observed in children <1 year old, accounting for 16.33% (80/490) of RSV-detection cases. Cough was the most common clinical symptom. Among the RSV-positive cases, 36 involved co-infection with another virus, 6 co-infected with three viruses, and 1 with mixed infection of four viruses. The most frequent co-infection was RSV and human coronavirus. ConclusionChildren under 1 year of age are more susceptible to RSV infection, with cough being the predominant symptom. RSV infection in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, mainly occurs in winter. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for children under 1 year old during the winter season to reduce the risk of both RSV infection and co-infection with human coronavirus and influenza virus.

Objective To put forward relevant national legislative proposals for preventing workplace violence (WPV) in the healthcare industry by comparing the current legal practices of China and the United States. Methods The Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Act") of the United States was translated and analyzed. The relevant normative legal documents in China were systematically reviewed to compare the legislative differences in the prevention and control of WPV against health care workers. Results The Act aims to establish an employer-driven legal framework for WPV prevention and control. China has no specific legislation for WPV, but has established partial legislation for protecting healthcare workers from external violence through various legal practices. The "Act" regards WPV as an occupational hazard and adopts the priority control order to carry out the prevention and control of WPV. In contrast, China's legislation for WPV approach emphasizes public security and undermines occupational health, treating WPV merely as a work-related injury or accident with limited protection. This gap reveals divergent priorities for legal interests. Conclusion China should integrate WPV prevention and control into the occupational health legal framework through revising existing laws, advancing dedicated legislation, and ratifying relevant international conventions, to strengthen the occupational health legal system. All stakeholders should clarify the responsibilities for WPV prevention and control of healthcare workers, and ensure comprehensive legislative response.

Acupuncture-moxibustion therapy has been known to ameliorate the symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), although its mechanism remains unclear. The paper reviews the articles on acupuncture-moxibustion therapy for FGIDs in recent 5 years, and it is revealed that acupuncture-moxibustion therapy can alleviate FGIDs symptoms through regulating gastrointestinal motility, modulating visceral hypersensitivity, improving the impaired gastric-duodenal mucosal barrier and inflammation, balancing intestinal microbiota, and adjusting the gut-brain axis. Currently, the molecular mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy remains unknown for FGIDs, the specific disease target is not identified, and the interaction among various molecules is not elucidated adequately. The researches in the future should employ advanced technologies and methodologies to comprehensively and deeply explore and clarify the mechanism of acupuncture- moxibustion therapy for FGIDs.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rules of moxibustion for low back pain by ZHOU Meisheng by using data mining and knowledge graph technology. METHODS: Taking the medical cases of moxibustion for low back pain from ZHOU Meisheng's legacy manuscripts and existing works as the research objects, information on disease types, symptoms, tongue manifestations, pulse conditions, syndrome patterns, moxibustion methods and acupoints were collected. Frequency statistics and community analysis were conducted by the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform V 2.3.7, cluster analysis of high-frequency acupoints was performed by SPSS26.0, association rule analysis of high-frequency acupoints was performed by SPSS Modeler 18.0, and the generated linked data were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 for complex network analysis. Knowledge graph of moxibustion for low back pain by ZHOU Meisheng was constructed based on the results of data mining. The data storage and display of knowledge graph were realized through the Neo4j 3.5.25 graph database, and the Cypher query language was used for knowledge graph retrieval and discovery. RESULTS: A total of 219 medical cases were collected, involving 14 disease types, 85 related clinical symptoms, 5 related TCM syndrome types, and 6 moxibustion methods. The acupoints were mostly attributed to the governor vessel, the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, non-meridian and non-acupoint areas. The core prescription of acupoints derived from complex network analysis included tender points, Shenshu (BL23), Jinsuo (GV8), Yinjiao (CV7), Yaoyangguan (GV3), Yanglingquan (GB34), which were largely coincides with high-frequency acupoints. Cluster analysis obtained 4 cluster combinations. Community analysis yielded 6 communities, each corresponding to different acupoints.The constructed knowledge graph contained 187 nodes and 696 relationships, by retrieving clinical elements related to low back pain, the disease-moxibustion association graph, disease-acupoint association graph, accompanying symptom-acupoint association graph and syndrome type-matching point association graph were obtained. CONCLUSION When treating low back pain with moxibustion, ZHOU Meisheng adopts the principle of promoting circulation, distinguishing diseases to determine the treatment, selecting acupoints according to the diseases, and matching points according to the symptoms.And taking tender points, Shenshu (BL23), Jinsuo (GV8), Yinjiao (CV7), Yaoyangguan (GV3), Yanglingquan (GB34) as core acupoints, combined with tenderness point selection, acupoint selection based on meridian and zangfu syndrome differentiation, "sunshine area" acupoint selection, yin-yang acupoint matching. Additionally, he skillfully employs special points, such as Zhongzhu (KI15) and ear tips, pays attention to the reform of moxibustion tools, and innovates the moxibustion techniques, using distinctive moxibustion tools and methods to treat low back pain.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Humans ; Data Mining ; Low Back Pain/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; History, Ancient ; Female ; China ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged

In modern society, people are increasingly exposed to chronic stress, leading to various mental disorders. However, the activities of brain regions, especially neural firing patterns related to specific behaviors, remain unclear. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, NeuroSync, which integrates open-field behavioral testing with electrophysiological recordings from emotion-related brain regions, specifically the central amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, to explore the mechanisms of negative emotions induced by chronic stress in mice. By applying machine vision techniques, we quantified behaviors in the open field, and signal processing algorithms elucidated the neural underpinnings of the observed behaviors. Synchronizing behavioral and electrophysiological data revealed significant correlations between neural firing patterns and stress-related behaviors, providing insights into real-time brain activity underlying behavioral responses. This research combines deep learning and machine learning to synchronize high-resolution video and electrophysiological data, offering new insights into neural-behavioral dynamics under chronic stress conditions.
Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Emotions/physiology* ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology* ; Action Potentials/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Machine Learning ; Amygdala/physiopathology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiology*

ObjectiveTo provide scientific support for the compilation of high-quality anti-nuclear， biological， and chemical （NBC） medical textbooks in China by retrieving books in the field of biological weapons defense in China， summarizing the publication time and distribution of publishing institutions， and categorizing content and key points of related books. MethodsRelevant subject terms in the field of biological weapons defense were searched through the official website of China National Digital Library and other websites， up until December 31， 2023， and were limited to books. Topic analysis was conducted on the introductions and contents of the books using the latent Dirichlet allocation （LDA） model. The number of topics was determined based on perplexity， and topics were identified according to the intertopic distance map， followed by a qualitative description of the core content of each topic. ResultsA total of 104 books were included in this study， among which four were identified as higher educational textbooks. The volume of publications increased during the periods 2002‒2004 and 2020‒2023. Research institutions accounted for the highest percentage of publishers （37.78%）， and 56.67% of the publishers were military institutions. The study identified six topics： "distribution， defense， and response to biological weapons"， "category， diagnosis， and treatment of biological warfare agents"， "response to biological public health emergencies"， "status of nuclear， biological， and chemical weapons internationally"， "biosafety risk management and prevention and control"， and "technologies and equipment related to biological hazard identification". ConclusionThere are few books in the field of biological weapons defense in China and the content is relatively outdated. In the future， the preparation of teaching materials should be aimed at practical emergency handling techniques for biological weapons， enhance the emphasis on biological weapons detection and biological warfare early warning， improve the fundamental theories at different training levels， and timely update the current research status in the field.

ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of pharyngeal microbiota in coal miners exposed to dust. Methods Eight coal miners who had been engaged in occupational dust exposure for more than 20 years were selected as the dust-exposed group, and four coal miners who were not exposed to dust at work were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Pharyngeal secretions of the coal miners were collected with throat swabs, and its pharyngeal microbiota was analyzed. The diversity, abundance and evenness of the microbiota were analyzed by gene sequencing using the 16sRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. Results A total of 254 operational taxonomic units of pharyngeal microbiota were detected in the coal miners in the control group, which was 210 more than that in the dust-exposed group. The Chao1 index, Shannon index, PD-tree index and Pielou index of pharyngeal microbiota in the dust-exposed group decreased compared with the control group (all P<0.01). The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Clostridum, at the phylum level, in the pharynx of coal miners in the dust-exposed group was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The abundance of Prevotella, Neisseria, and Monas, at the genus level, in the pharynx of coal miners in the dust-exposed group was higher than that in the control group(all P<0.05), while the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased (P<0.05). The analysis results of the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium and Rothia may play a role for pharyngeal microbiota imbalance prediction in dust-exposed workers, and the area under the curves were all 1.00±0.00. Conclusion The species diversity and evenness of pharyngeal microbiota in coal miners exposed to dust are decreased, which may be related to the continuous inhalation of coal dust that disrupts the microbial environment of the throat.

Objective To explore the application value and related factors of serum carbonic anhydraseⅢ(CAⅢ)in the clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods A total of 106 elderly patients initially diagnosed with mild to moderate AD at Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from October 2020 to November 2022 were enrolled as the AD group,and 89 healthy elderly people during the same period were enrolled as the control group.The serum biochemical indicators including liver and kidney function,blood lipids,blood glucose,folic acid and homocysteine were detected in both groups.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE).Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess psychological status.The activities of daily living(ADL)were assessed by modified Barthel Index(BI).Serum CAⅢlevels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to identify factors influencing serum CAⅢlevels,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum CAⅢlevels in elderly patients with mild to moderate AD.Results The MMSE score of the AD group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.001),and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.001).The serum CAⅢlevel in the AD group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.000 1).In patients with AD,serum CAⅢlevels in patients with a disease course＞3 years,accompanied by depression or anxiety,moderate AD,and serum creatinine≤111 μmol/L were significantly lower than those in patients with a disease course≤3 years,normal emotions,mild AD,and serum creatinine＞111 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum CAⅢlevels were negatively correlated with disease duration,PHQ-9 score,GAD-7 scores and severity degree,positively correlated with serum creatinine level(P＜0.05).The PHQ-9 score,severity degree,and serum creatinine level were independent related factors for serum CAⅢlevel in mild to moderate AD elderly patients(P＜0.05).ROC curve result showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum CAⅢin diagnosing mild to moderate AD in elderly patients was 0.946,with sensitivity and specificity of 88.79% and 96.74%,respectively.Conclusions Serum CAⅢlevels in elderly patients with mild to moderate AD are higher than those in healthy individuals.Mild AD,without depressive mood,and elevated serum creatinine levels are related factors for elevated serum CAⅢlevels in elderly AD patients.Serum CAⅢmay serve as a novel biological marker for the diagnosis of mild to moderate AD in the elderly.