The pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） is fundamentally rooted in spleen deficiency and is closely associated with phlegm turbidity， damp-heat and blood stasis. Clinically， liver constraint with spleen deficiency and internal retention of damp turbidity represent the predominant traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome patterns. Researches have indicated intrinsic connections between the syndrome patterns and biological indicators such as gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. Regarding treatment， classical famous formulas， modern empirical formulas， and newly developed TCM drugs show positive effects in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism， improving insulin resistance， and alleviating metabolic inflammation， exhibiting multi-target mechanisms of action； acupuncture and other external therapies also provide adjunctive value. Nevertheless， current researches still have limitations such as the lack of high-quality clinical evidence and insufficient systematic elucidation of the uncerlying mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on conducting high-quality TCM clinical trials with hard endpoint outcomes such as hepatic histology outcomes， and utilizing modern technologies like multi-omics to elucidate TCM's mechanisms of action， thereby advancing the position of TCM as a first-line therapeutic strategy for MASLD.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medication patterns of rituximab (RTX) combined with TCM on treating children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). Methods: One hundred and forty-three children with SDNS who visited the Pediatric Nephrology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. A cohort study design was adopted, with " RTX treatment" as the exposure factor. Children who met this exposure factor were assigned to the RTX cohort (RTX, glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive agent, combined with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation treatment), whereas those who did not were assigned to the basic treatment cohort (glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive agent, combined with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation treatment ), and followed up for 6 months. The frequency of urinary protein recurrences, urinary protein remission duration, proportion and duration of steroid reduction and cessation, cumulative usage of steroids, proportion of recurrence, recurrence amount of steroid used, efficacy of TCM syndrome, and laboratory and safety indicators after treatment, and height and CD19+ B cell count before and after treatment were compared between the two cohorts. The medication patterns of TCM in the two cohorts were analyzed using frequency statistics, association rule analysis, and systematic clustering analysis. Results: Compared with the basic treatment cohort, the RTX cohort showed a decrease in the frequency of urinary protein recurrence, extended sustained remission of urinary protein, an increase in the proportion of steroid reduction and cessation, a shorter duration of steroid reduction and cessation, a decrease in cumulative steroid dosage, a lower recurrence rate, a decrease in CD19+ B cell count, and a decrease in 24-h urinary total protein quantification and the level of cholesterol (P<0.05). No significant difference in the recurrence amount of steroid used, height, TCM syndrome efficacy, albumin, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, platelet count, and safety indicators between the two cohorts. Children with SDNS were mostly characterized by qi and yin deficiency syndrome, followed by spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome. A total of 175 TCMs were included, including 28 high-frequency drugs such as Huangqi, Fuling, Gancao, Baizhu, Dangshen, and Jiuyurou. The primary use of medication is to nourish the qi and spleen, nourish the kidney, and warm yang. The analysis of association rules yielded eight binary associations and ten three-phase associations, with Huangqi, Baizhu, Fuling, and Dangshen, being the most closely related. Cluster analysis identified four TCM combinations, primarily focusing on tonifying kidney and replenishing essence, benefiting qi and nourishing yin, and removing blood stasis. Conclusion RTX combined with TCM syndrome differentiation treatment can reduce the recurrence frequency of SDNS, prolong the remission period, reduce the glucocorticoid dosage, and have no marked effect on height growth. No apparent adverse reactions were observed. TCM should focus on nourishing qi and yin while removing blood stasis.

Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

The time-sensitive medical treatment advantages of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in casualty evacuation were described,along with their typical application scenarios and the principles of casualty evacuation.The development status of UAV-based casualty evacuation,both domestically and internationally,was reviewed.Key life-support technologies,such as intelligent injury recognition,fully automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and auto cruise-based mecha-nical ventilation,were examined as important research directions of casualty evacuation UAVs.Finally,future development trends in UAV casualty evacuation and transport system were envisioned from four dimensions of autonomous flight technology,life support systems,information interaction and policy regulations.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of Huoxue Xiaoyi decoction combined with exercise in the treatment of ovarian endometriosis.Methods 36 patients with ovarian endometriosis treated in Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2022 to November 2022 were selected and treated with Huoxue Xiaoyi decoction combined with exercise for 3 months.The size of ovarian ectopic cyst,dysmenorrhea VAS score,PBAC score,female hormones,serum CA125 and CA199,catecholamines and cytokines levels were observed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety.Results After treatment,the maximum diameter of ovarian ectopic cyst,dysmenorrhea VAS score,PBAC score,cytokines(serum IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10)levels were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).The levels of SHBG and adrenaline were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).During the treatment,the patient had no adverse drug reactions,vital signs,liver,and kidney function indexes were normal.Conclusion Huoxue Xiaoyi decoction combined with exercise therapy can reduce the size of ovarian ectopic cyst,relieve dysmenorrhea,regulate menstrual volume,increase the level of adrenaline,increase the level of sex hormone binding globulin,reduce the level of cytokines,and has fewer adverse reactions and good safety.

Single-cell metabolite analysis at the small molecule level reveals intercellular heterogeneity and molecular diversity,especially living cell metabolite analysis which can provide more accurate biochemical information.In this study,a comprehensive single-cell metabolomics mass spectrometry analysis platform was constructed based on continuous ultrasonic sample introduction,aiming to improve the utilization rate of single cells and the efficiency of mass spectrometry detection.This platform utilized mechanical motion generated by a miniaturized ultrasound module,which minimally affected cell integrity and viability,enabling cell suspension and dispersion for up to 60 min,with cell viability exceeding 70%.By comparing cell suspension densities and the cell number of mass spectrometry detections between static and ultrasound groups,the results showed that the ultrasound treatment significantly reduced cell sedimentation rate and increased single-cell mass spectrometry detection efficiency.Applying this platform to single-cell analysis of cell line of mouse cerebellar astrocytes(C8D1A)and mouse glioma(GL261)cells achieved clustering and differential analysis of different cell types,demonstrating the method's potential in analyzing cellular heterogeneity and identifying cells.This approach promised to provide new insights and solutions for single-cell analysis.

Bismuth iodide(BiOI)with different crystal plane ratios of(110)to(001)was synthesized,and typeⅡheterojunction formed between(001)and(110)crystal planes of BiOI was used to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.Then the BiOI(001)/(110)was composited with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots(N-GQDs)to prepare a ternary composites,which could enhance the range and intensity of light absorption,and prolonged the lifetime of photogenerated electrons due to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions between BiOI and N-GQDs,thereby leading to the excellent photoelectric performance of the BiOI/N-GQDs for generating sensitive photoelectric response signals.A photoelectrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos(CPF)was designed with BiOI/N-GQDs-modified FTO electrode as a photocathode.The S and N atoms contained in CPF were coordinated with Bi(Ⅲ)on the surface of BiOI,which reduced the photocurrent of BiOI/N-GQDs.The photocurrent change was linear with logarithm of concentration of CPF in the range of 1.5×10-12-5.0×10-9 mol/L,and the detection limit was 1.5×10-12 mol/L.The sensor was highly sensitive,selective and stable,and could be used for determination of trace CPF in environmental and food samples.

Under the background of forensic medicine becoming a first-level discipline,the opportuni-ties and challenges of discipline development coexist.Starting from the actual situation and characteris-tics of local medical colleges and universities,this paper discusses the problems and solutions for the development of forensic medicine discipline from the perspective of building a regional high-level medical university.Combined with the experiences of carrying out forensic medicine education in our college,this paper supplies our thoughts and practices on improving the discipline system,enhancing the ability to serve society,perfecting the talent cultivation model and promoting forensic culture,to provide reference and inspiration for the development of forensic medicine in other universities,jointly promote the advancement of forensic medicine in China to a new stage,and contribute the wisdom and strength of forensic medical experts to the construction of a law-based China,a safe China and a healthy China.

Objective:This study aims to compare the efficacy on patients with severe coronary artery calcification(CAC)coronary heart disease(CHD)between common balloon predilation and spinous process balloon predilation and their effect on short-term incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Methods:This retro-spective study enrolled 110 severe CAC patients with CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in Beijing Pinggu District Hospital between January 2017 and January 2022.According to therapeutic pro-gram,they were divided into spinous process balloon group(n=55)and common balloon group(n=55),each group received corresponding balloon predilation before PCI.Application effect,perioperative complications and incidence of MACE within 6 months were compared between two groups.Results:Immediate surgical success rate in spinous process balloon group was significantly higher than that of common ballon group(92.73％vs.78.18％,P=0.031).Compared with patients in common balloon group,those in spinous process balloon group had signifi-cant lower times of balloon predilation[(2.79±0.14)times vs.(7.29±2.24)times],operation time[(1.24±0.29)h vs.(1.59±0.34)h]and incidence of perioperative complications(3.64％vs.14.55％),and significant larger lumen diameter after PCI[(3.79±0.26)mm vs.(3.29±0.24)mm](P＜0.05 or＜0.01).There was no significant difference in incidence of MACE within 6 months between two groups(P=0.428).Conclusion:The ap-plication of spinous process balloon predilation could significantly reduce times of balloon predilation,operation time,improve surgical success rate and reduce risk of short-term MACE in severe CAC patients with CHD.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.