The brain-gut interaction theory is a multidimensional integrative concept based on the brain-gut axis， involving neural， endocrine， and immune regulatory networks as well as the gut microbiota. Zang-fu organs （脏腑） theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） shows a high degree of consistency with the brain-gut interaction theory， and the core functions such as the spleen and stomach governing the ascending of the clear and descending of the turbid， the liver governing the free flow of qi， and the heart governing mental and emotional activities are closely associated with the multi-level regulatory mechanisms of the brain-gut axis. TCM therapy can modulate brain-gut interactions through multiple pathways in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases， including the regulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion， neurotransmitter levels， the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， immune homeostasis and inflammatory responses， as well as the gut microecology. However， current basic research on the brain-gut interaction theory in TCM for spleen and stomach diseases still faces several challenges， such as difficulties in integrating TCM spleen-stomach theory with modern pathophysiology， lack of innovation in research concepts， and limitations in research methodologies. It is therefore proposed that multidisciplinary collaboration， multi-omics technologies， and targeted research approaches should be adopted to provide more comprehensive methods for basic research on TCM spleen and stomach diseases， thereby promoting the in-depth development of brain-gut interaction theory.

In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has achieved significant progress in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. A comprehensive literature search was conducted covering the period from January 1， 2010， to December 30， 2024， across Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database， and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System， as well as international databases such as PubMed， Web of Science， and Embase. The clinical applications and mechanistic studies of TCM in IBD were systematically reviewed. The current status of TCM research on the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD， innovative clinical practices， and multimodal therapeutic approaches， including Chinese herbal formulas， single herbs or active compounds， acupuncture， herbal retention enema， and acupoint application， were summarized， together with their synergistic effects when combined with western medical treatments. The development and application of Chinese patent medicines for IBD are undergoing a profound transition from efficacy validation to mechanistic exploration. Mechanistic studies on the effects of TCM in IBD mainly focus on regulating gut microbiota homeostasis， repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier， and modulating intestinal immune balance. Furthermore， future research directions for TCM-based IBD management are proposed， including the establishment of TCM diagnostic and treatment models， expanding integrated applications of external and internal TCM therapies， innovating personalized treatment strategies， and advancing drug development. These efforts aim to provide insights for the standardized and precision-oriented development of TCM in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and burden of retinoblastoma(RB)in China based on the Glob-al Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021),thus providing a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of RB.Methods Relevant indicators such as the standardized incidence rate,standardized prevalence rate,standardized mortality rate,and standardized disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed to assess the prevalence and disease burden of this disease.The Joinpoint model was employed to analyze the annual percent change(APC)and the average annual percent change(AAPC)of the overall standardized incidence rate,overall standardized prevalence rate,overall standardized mortality rate,and overall standard-ized DALY rate of RB in China from 1990 to 2021.In addition,the changes in the overall standardized incidence rate,over-all standardized prevalence rate,overall standardized mortality rate,and overall standardized DALY rate were compared be-tween China and the globe from 1990 to 2021.Results Compared with 1990,the standardized incidence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased by 1.840 times,2.154 times,and 1.689 times,respectively,in 2021;the standardized prevalence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased by 1.876 times,2.133 times,and 1.701 times,respectively;the standardized mortality rate of RB in the total population,males,and fe-males in China decreased by 0.679 times,0.636 times,and 0.714 times,respectively;the standardized DALY rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China decreased by 0.652 times,0.616 times,and 0.676 times,respectively.Joinpoint analysis showed that compared with 1990,the APPC of the overall standardized incidence rate and the overall standardized prevalence rate in China in 2021 increased by 3.21 and 3.23,respectively;the AAPC of the overall standard-ized mortality rate and the overall standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.61 and 3.46,respectively.Compared with 1990,the global overall standardized incidence rate and overall standardized prevalence rate increased by 0.237 times and 0.242 times,respectively.The global overall standardized mortality rate and overall standardized DALY rate decreased by 0.212 times and 0.195 times,respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990,the standardized incidence rate and standardized prevalence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased in 2021,while the standardized mortal-ity rate and DALY rate decreased in 2021,indicating an increase in the prevalence of the disease but a decrease in the dis-ease burden.From 1990 to 2021,the difference between the overall standardized incidence rate and overall standardized prevalence rate in China and the global level first increased and then decreased;however,the overall standardized mortality rate and overall standardized DALY rate in China were always lower than the global level.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)on the repair of dental pulp injury.Methods:hDPSCs were isolated and cultured,and the hDPSCs were divided into control group,0.05 ng/mL IFN-γ group,0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group,5 ng/mL IFN-γ group and 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ+PDTC group.Transwell was used to detect the effect of IFN-γ on the migration abil-ity of human dental pulp stem cells,alizarin red staining was used to evaluated the influence of IFN-γ on the osteogenic differentia-tion of hDPSCs,and the expression of protein related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cells was detected by Western blot.The rat dental pulp mechanical injury model was established,and the 3D cultured hDPSCs cell mass and hDPSCs cell mass with 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ were placed in the cavity of the established rat dental pulp injury model.The cavity was filled with glass ionomer,and HE staining was used to compare the repair of dental pulp tissue in each group of rats.Results:The number of migrating cells in dif-ferent concentrations of IFN-γ groups was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically signif-icant(P＜0.05),and the number of migrated cells in the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group was more than that in the 0.05 ng/mL IFN-γgroup and the 5 ng/mL IFN-γ group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the mineralized nodules and osteoblastic differ entiation of hDPSCs in different concentrations IFN-γgroups were significantly inhibited(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group,the mineralized nodule formation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ+PDTC group were enhanced(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the ALP activity of IFN-γ group and IFN-γ+PDTC group was significantly lower(P＜0.05),and the ALP activity of IFN-γ+PDTC group was higher than that of IFN-γgroup,and the difference between groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the protein ex-pression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin,RUNX2,CyclinD1 and OCN in the IFN-γ group and IFN-γ+PDTC group were significantly decreased,while the GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β had increased,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05),the protein expressions of Wnt1,β-catenin,RUNX2,CyclinD1 and OCN in the IFN-γ+PDTC group were significantly higher than those in the IFN-γ group,while the protein expression levels of p-GSK-3β and GSK-3β were lower than those in the IFN-γ group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the inflammatory response in the dental pulp mechanical injury model of the IFN-γ group was aggravated,and the dentin formation was significantly inhibited.Conclusion:IFN-γ can promote the migration of hDPSCs and inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hDP-SCs,and IFN-γ has an inhibitory effect on the formation of restorative dentin after pulp injury,which may be related to the expres-sion regulation of Wnt signaling pathway.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)on the repair of dental pulp injury.Methods:hDPSCs were isolated and cultured,and the hDPSCs were divided into control group,0.05 ng/mL IFN-γ group,0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group,5 ng/mL IFN-γ group and 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ+PDTC group.Transwell was used to detect the effect of IFN-γ on the migration abil-ity of human dental pulp stem cells,alizarin red staining was used to evaluated the influence of IFN-γ on the osteogenic differentia-tion of hDPSCs,and the expression of protein related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cells was detected by Western blot.The rat dental pulp mechanical injury model was established,and the 3D cultured hDPSCs cell mass and hDPSCs cell mass with 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ were placed in the cavity of the established rat dental pulp injury model.The cavity was filled with glass ionomer,and HE staining was used to compare the repair of dental pulp tissue in each group of rats.Results:The number of migrating cells in dif-ferent concentrations of IFN-γ groups was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically signif-icant(P＜0.05),and the number of migrated cells in the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group was more than that in the 0.05 ng/mL IFN-γgroup and the 5 ng/mL IFN-γ group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the mineralized nodules and osteoblastic differ entiation of hDPSCs in different concentrations IFN-γgroups were significantly inhibited(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ group,the mineralized nodule formation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in the 0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ+PDTC group were enhanced(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the ALP activity of IFN-γ group and IFN-γ+PDTC group was significantly lower(P＜0.05),and the ALP activity of IFN-γ+PDTC group was higher than that of IFN-γgroup,and the difference between groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the protein ex-pression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin,RUNX2,CyclinD1 and OCN in the IFN-γ group and IFN-γ+PDTC group were significantly decreased,while the GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β had increased,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05),the protein expressions of Wnt1,β-catenin,RUNX2,CyclinD1 and OCN in the IFN-γ+PDTC group were significantly higher than those in the IFN-γ group,while the protein expression levels of p-GSK-3β and GSK-3β were lower than those in the IFN-γ group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the inflammatory response in the dental pulp mechanical injury model of the IFN-γ group was aggravated,and the dentin formation was significantly inhibited.Conclusion:IFN-γ can promote the migration of hDPSCs and inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hDP-SCs,and IFN-γ has an inhibitory effect on the formation of restorative dentin after pulp injury,which may be related to the expres-sion regulation of Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and burden of retinoblastoma(RB)in China based on the Glob-al Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021),thus providing a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of RB.Methods Relevant indicators such as the standardized incidence rate,standardized prevalence rate,standardized mortality rate,and standardized disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed to assess the prevalence and disease burden of this disease.The Joinpoint model was employed to analyze the annual percent change(APC)and the average annual percent change(AAPC)of the overall standardized incidence rate,overall standardized prevalence rate,overall standardized mortality rate,and overall standard-ized DALY rate of RB in China from 1990 to 2021.In addition,the changes in the overall standardized incidence rate,over-all standardized prevalence rate,overall standardized mortality rate,and overall standardized DALY rate were compared be-tween China and the globe from 1990 to 2021.Results Compared with 1990,the standardized incidence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased by 1.840 times,2.154 times,and 1.689 times,respectively,in 2021;the standardized prevalence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased by 1.876 times,2.133 times,and 1.701 times,respectively;the standardized mortality rate of RB in the total population,males,and fe-males in China decreased by 0.679 times,0.636 times,and 0.714 times,respectively;the standardized DALY rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China decreased by 0.652 times,0.616 times,and 0.676 times,respectively.Joinpoint analysis showed that compared with 1990,the APPC of the overall standardized incidence rate and the overall standardized prevalence rate in China in 2021 increased by 3.21 and 3.23,respectively;the AAPC of the overall standard-ized mortality rate and the overall standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.61 and 3.46,respectively.Compared with 1990,the global overall standardized incidence rate and overall standardized prevalence rate increased by 0.237 times and 0.242 times,respectively.The global overall standardized mortality rate and overall standardized DALY rate decreased by 0.212 times and 0.195 times,respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990,the standardized incidence rate and standardized prevalence rate of RB in the total population,males,and females in China increased in 2021,while the standardized mortal-ity rate and DALY rate decreased in 2021,indicating an increase in the prevalence of the disease but a decrease in the dis-ease burden.From 1990 to 2021,the difference between the overall standardized incidence rate and overall standardized prevalence rate in China and the global level first increased and then decreased;however,the overall standardized mortality rate and overall standardized DALY rate in China were always lower than the global level.

Liver being substantial Yin and functional Yang maintain normal function of Qi， blood and meridians. In clinical practice， it is often found that pan-vascular lesions with atherosclerosis as the predominant pathological change often co-occur with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease（MAFLD）. MAFLD leads to increased risk and worse prognosis for many pan-vascular diseases， including cardiovascular disease. Dysregulation of energy homeostasis disrupts the hepatic homeostasis of body use， and representative drugs to improve metabolism， such as metformin， sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors， and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists， not only have a clear cardiovascular benefit， potential improvement of MAFLD has also been demonstrated. The liver stores blood and the heart pumps blood， and liver diseases affect the heart， that's why the unsmoothness of vessels appears. So the treatment should from the standpoint of liver， restoring liver function， soothing the liver and nourishing heart， activating blood and dredging meridian. It is of great significance to explore in depth the pathogenesis and treatment of pan-vascular lesions caused by MAFLD， and to restore the energy homeostasis by adjusting the balance of liver Yin and Yang.

Liver being substantial Yin and functional Yang maintain normal function of Qi， blood and meridians. In clinical practice， it is often found that pan-vascular lesions with atherosclerosis as the predominant pathological change often co-occur with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease（MAFLD）. MAFLD leads to increased risk and worse prognosis for many pan-vascular diseases， including cardiovascular disease. Dysregulation of energy homeostasis disrupts the hepatic homeostasis of body use， and representative drugs to improve metabolism， such as metformin， sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors， and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists， not only have a clear cardiovascular benefit， potential improvement of MAFLD has also been demonstrated. The liver stores blood and the heart pumps blood， and liver diseases affect the heart， that's why the unsmoothness of vessels appears. So the treatment should from the standpoint of liver， restoring liver function， soothing the liver and nourishing heart， activating blood and dredging meridian. It is of great significance to explore in depth the pathogenesis and treatment of pan-vascular lesions caused by MAFLD， and to restore the energy homeostasis by adjusting the balance of liver Yin and Yang.