BACKGROUND:Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that hypertonic glucose prolotherapy promotes tendon injury healing,yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of hypertonic glucose on rat behavior,cellular morphology,tendon extracellular matrix components,and growth factors.METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups:control blank,model,5%glucose,15%glucose,and 25%glucose groups,with 10 rats in each group.(1)Modeling:Except for the control blank group,all groups received an Achilles tendon injection of type I collagenase.(2)Intervention:The control blank and model groups received no treatment.The 5%,15%,and 25%glucose groups received injections of 30 μL of 5%,15%,and 25%glucose,respectively,into the right Achilles tendon once a week for 3 weeks.(3)Assessments:Behavioral assessments,hematoxylin-eosin staining,western blot,and RT-qPCR were conducted to assess type I collagen,type III collagen,transforming growth factor β1,vascular endothelial growth factor,and SCX expression levels in tendon tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Behavioral analysis:Compared with the control blank group,the model group showed a significant reduction in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited a significant increase in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control blank group,tendon tissue in the other groups showed varying degrees of collagen disarray,increased number of blood vessels,and increased number of cells.However,glucose-treated groups exhibited more orderly collagen alignment than the model group.(3)Compared with the control blank group,the mRNA expression of type I collagen α1 was reduced,and the mRNA expression of type III collagen was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited increased mRNA expression of type I collagen α1,while both the 15%and 25%glucose groups showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of type III collagen and increased SCX mRNA expression(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the model group displayed reduced protein expression of type I collagen and increased protein expression of type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the glucose intervention groups had decreased protein expression of type III collagen,with the 25%glucose group showing increased protein expression of type I collagen and the 15%glucose group exhibiting elevated protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1(P<0.05).To conclude,hypertonic glucose promotes vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 expression,modulates collagen synthesis,increases the content of type I collagen,and accelerates tendon healing.Furthermore,25%hypertonic glucose concentration has the optimal intervention effect.

Objective To investigate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)signaling pathway and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)isoforms in mouse model of cognitive dysfunction secondary to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(rmTBI).Methods A total of 63 male C57BL/6J mice(5 weeksd old,werghing 16～17 g)were divided into model group(n=50)and control group(n=13).The mice of the model group received modified weight drop and repeated head impacts to establish a model of rmTBI,and the mice from the control group were only given anesthetic treatment.From the 30th day after the end of modeling,Morris water maze test was applied to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities,and the relative data was evaluate for correlation analysis.According to the taxonomy of cognitive levels,the model group was further stratified into high-,medium-and low-performance groups.After the mice with medium-performance group were eliminated,and the indicators of water maze test were compared among the high-performance,low-performance,and control groups.After the behavioral experiment,Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of CaMKII,α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid receptor(AMPAR)subunits(GluR1,p-GluR1,GluR2),and different isoforms of BDNF(mBDNF,proBDNF)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.The expression levels were compared among the groups.Results ① There were significant correlations among the water maze-related indicators(P<0.05).The mice in the model group were divided into 3 groups of high-(n=31),medium-(n=11)and low-performance(n=8)levels through hierarchical clustering,and there were differences in cognitive levels in the high-performance,low-performance and control groups.② The phosphorylation level of GluR1 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in the high-performance group than the control group and the low-performance group(P<0.05).When compared with the control group,the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in the prefrontal cortex of the low-performance group was increased(P<0.05),and the expression of GluR2 and CaMKⅡ in the prefrontal cortex of the high-performance group was increased(P<0.05).The low-performance group obtained obviously lower GluR1/GluR2 ratio than the high-performance group(P<0.05).③ When compared with the control group,the low-performance group exhibited notably elevated expression of proBDNF and mBDNF(P<0.05)and mBDNF/proBDNF(P<0.05)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus,while the high-performance group had enhanced expression of mBDNF in the prefrontal cortex(P<0.05).Conclusion In the chronic phase of rmTBI,prognosis of good cognitive function is accompanied by up-regulation of CaMKⅡ signaling pathway,and the difference in cognitive function is accompanied by the change in proportions of different AMPAR subunits on the postsynaptic membrane.In the cognitive impairment group,there is an overexpression of 2 types of BDNF isoforms and an increase in the conversion rate of mBDNF.

BACKGROUND:Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that hypertonic glucose prolotherapy promotes tendon injury healing,yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of hypertonic glucose on rat behavior,cellular morphology,tendon extracellular matrix components,and growth factors.METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups:control blank,model,5%glucose,15%glucose,and 25%glucose groups,with 10 rats in each group.(1)Modeling:Except for the control blank group,all groups received an Achilles tendon injection of type I collagenase.(2)Intervention:The control blank and model groups received no treatment.The 5%,15%,and 25%glucose groups received injections of 30 μL of 5%,15%,and 25%glucose,respectively,into the right Achilles tendon once a week for 3 weeks.(3)Assessments:Behavioral assessments,hematoxylin-eosin staining,western blot,and RT-qPCR were conducted to assess type I collagen,type III collagen,transforming growth factor β1,vascular endothelial growth factor,and SCX expression levels in tendon tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Behavioral analysis:Compared with the control blank group,the model group showed a significant reduction in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited a significant increase in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control blank group,tendon tissue in the other groups showed varying degrees of collagen disarray,increased number of blood vessels,and increased number of cells.However,glucose-treated groups exhibited more orderly collagen alignment than the model group.(3)Compared with the control blank group,the mRNA expression of type I collagen α1 was reduced,and the mRNA expression of type III collagen was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited increased mRNA expression of type I collagen α1,while both the 15%and 25%glucose groups showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of type III collagen and increased SCX mRNA expression(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the model group displayed reduced protein expression of type I collagen and increased protein expression of type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the glucose intervention groups had decreased protein expression of type III collagen,with the 25%glucose group showing increased protein expression of type I collagen and the 15%glucose group exhibiting elevated protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1(P<0.05).To conclude,hypertonic glucose promotes vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 expression,modulates collagen synthesis,increases the content of type I collagen,and accelerates tendon healing.Furthermore,25%hypertonic glucose concentration has the optimal intervention effect.

【Objective】 To observe the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided autologous platelet- rich plasma (PRP) injection for the treatment of common peroneal nerve compression syndrome, and to provide reference for the treatment of peripheral nerve compression diseases. 【Methods】 A patient with common peroneal nerve compression syndrome was treated with ultrasound-guided injection of autologous PRP for nerve water separation. The efficacy of PRP injection treatment on common peroneal nerve compression syndrome was evaluated by observing the patient′s symptoms, electrophysiological and imaging manifestations. 【Results】 After systematic injection therapy, the patient′s symptoms, signs and electromyography showed significant improvement, and there were no significant adverse reactions after 3 months of follow-up. 【Conclusion】 Ultrasound guided PRP injection therapy improves neurological dysfunction in common peroneal nerve compression syndrome.

Objective:To investigate the effects of applying the "4C" teaching method combined with the Gibbs' reflective cycle to clinical nursing teaching in the department of urology.Methods:A total of 68 nursing students who practiced in the urology department of our hospital were divided using a lottery method into experimental group ( n=35, entering the second and third wards for internship) and control group ( n=33, entering the first and fourth wards). The experimental group was taught using the "4C" teaching method combined with the Gibbs' reflective cycle, including four teaching steps (connection, concept, concrete practice, and conclusion) and regular reflective discussions. The control group received traditional teaching, which covered entrance education, centralized theoretical training, skills demonstration, and exit assessment. At the end of internship, the two groups were compared in terms of self-directed learning ability, nursing competency, and theoretical and practical scores. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t test. Results:The self-directed learning scores of the experimental group and the control group were (227.37±12.91) and (207.09±16.27), respectively. The nursing competency scores were (156.66±12.49) and (138.06±17.23), respectively. The experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in self-directed learning ability ( t=5.71, P<0.001), nursing competency ( t=5.12, P<0.001), theoretical score ( t=3.03, P=0.004), and practical score ( t=4.88, P<0.001). Conclusions:The "4C" teaching method combined with the Gibbs' reflective cycle can effectively improve nursing students' self-directed learning ability and nursing competency, and help them better master knowledge and skills.

Radiation-induced fibrosis, especially radiation-induced muscle fibrosis (RIMF), is a common complication associated with radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, there is a gradual worsening of muscle stiffness and joint mobility impairments over time, which severely affects the quality of life of cancer patients. This article aims to review the latest research progress on the mechanisms and diagnosis and assessment methods of RIMF, as well as its rehabilitation strategies. This review provides systematic and effective health management and rehabilitation strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with RIMF.

Objective: By analyzing the clinical features of patients with dengue fever in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2018 to furnish the reference evidences for the diagnoses and treatment of dengue fever. Methods: A total of 406 dengue fever patients admitted to Zhujiang hospital during 2015 to 2018 were analyzed for the clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results, retrospectively. ZIKV, CHIKV and the serotypes of DENV were detected in some samples. Results: DENV serotypes were tested in 96 dengue fever patients and 69 cases were positive. Among them, 58 cases (84.1%) were DENV-1, 10 cases (14.5%) were DENV-2, 1 case (1.5%) was DENV-3, DENV-4 was negative and no co-infection with different serotypes of dengue virus was found. Of all the 406 patients, 371 (91.4%) were diagnosed as dengue fever and 35 (8.6%) were severe cases. The most common manifestations included fever, weakness and rash. Significantly higher incidence (P<0.05) of bleeding, coughing, expectoration, vomiting and abdominal pain were found in severe dengue fever. The most common laboratory findings were leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Significant increase(P<0.05) of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were observed. ZIKV and CHIKV nucleic acids were tested in 380 dengue fever patients and the result were negative for both. Conclusions The incidence of dengue fever in Guangzhou increased in 2017 and 2018.Most cases of dengue fever were mild and DENV-1 was the dominant serotype.

Objective: To evaluate an assay permitting amplification of target 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) sequences directly from clinical specimens and distinction among serotypes of enterovirus (EV). Methods: A total of 518 rectal swabs and 148 nasal swabs tested positive by pan-enterovirus real-time PCR were collected. 5′-UTR and the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene fragments were amplified and sequenced separately for serotyping. The inconsistent samples by 5′-UTR and VP1 serotyping were further determined by using the serotype-specific RT-PCR. Results: A total of 553 (83.0%) samples were detected by 5′-UTR serotyping and 318 (47.7%) were detected by VP1 serotyping in all 666 positive specimens, and there was significant difference in the detection rates between two methods in rectal and nasal swabs (P<0.001). For the rectal swabs, the mainly detected serotypes were CoxA6 (217), CoxA16 (88), EVA71 (40), CoxA10 (28) and CoxA4 (27) by 5′-UTR serotyping. Compared with the VP1 serotyping, the sensitivity and specificity of 5′-UTR serotyping were 57.1%-100% and 67.4%-98.1% respectively, with varied consistence with serotypes (kappa value 0.214-0.283). For the nasal swabs, the most frequently detected serotype was EVD68, with the sensitivity of 100%, the specificity of 91.1%, and the poor consistence (kappa value 0.217). CoxA6, CoxA16, EVA71, CoxA10 and EVD68 were further confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Using VP1 serotyping combined with serotype-specific RT-PCR as a reference method , the effect of performance of 5′-UTR serotyping on diagnosis was increased. Conclusions The performances of 5′-UTR serotyping in enterovirus vary with serotypes. The application of 5′-UTR serotyping should be considered comprehensively according to the purpose of the study.

Objective To explore the effect of let-7c-1 on the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats and its relevant mechanism.Methods A model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was induced via PTZ kindling in SD male rats.The epileptic rats were divided into epilepsy group,agomir-control group,let-7c-1 agomir group (12 rats for each).Twelve rats were served as a negative control group.The behavior and the expression levesl of let-7c-1,Bcl-2 protein and Caspase3 were evaluated at 28 days following PTZ.Results Compared to the negative group,the escape latency of epilepsy group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜0.05).However,those parameters were not significantly different between the epilepsy group and the agmoir-control group (P＞0.05).Compared to the agmoir-control group,the escape latency of let-7c-1 agomir group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜ 0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 and let-7c-1 were 1.35±0.32 in agmoir-control group and 62.53±21.01 in agomir group (F=50.97,P＜0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 were higher in let-7c-1 agomir group than in other groups (P＜0.05).Compared to the negative group,the expressions of Bcl-2 protein in other groups were decreased (P＜0.05) and the Caspase3 protein were increased (P＜0.05).Compared to the agomir-control group,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of Caspase3 protein was significantly increased in let-7c-1 agomir group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The present study shows that let-7c-1 may impair the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats through decreasing the Bcl-2 protein and increasing Caspase3 protein in the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the roles of Domain I and Domain II of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 5' untranslated region (UTR) in the translation initiation activity of HCV 5'UTR in different host cell lines.

METHODSThe eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMVNCRLuc (pCN1), in which full-length HCV 5'UTR regulates firefly luciferase expression, was modified by deleting Domain I and the downstream single-stranded sequence (43 bp in total) from the UTR (pCNl-d2), Domain I with the downstream single-stranded sequence and Domain II (118 bp in total) from the UTR (pCNl-d3), or the total UTR (pCNl-d5). The modified plasmids were transfected via liposome into different cell lines with pRL-TK plasmid co-transfected as the normalization control. At 36 h after the transfection, the total cellular RNA was harvested for semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the relative expression activities of luciferase were assayed with a dual luciferase reporter gene assay system. The translation initiation activities of the truncated HCV 5'UTRs in different translation systems were analyzed.

RESULTSDeletion of Domain I and the downstream single-stranded sequence caused no significant changes of the translational activity of HCV 5'UTR in Hela or C6 cells, but decreased the translational activity by 46% in L-02 cells and increased the translational activity by 46% in 293T cells. Deletion of both Domain I and Domain II resulted in decreased translational activity of HCV 5'UTR by 51% in HeLa cells, but increased the translational activity by 40% in L-02 cells, 60% in C6 cells and 135% in 293T cells.

CONCLUSIONSDomain I and Domain II of HCV 5'UTR perform cell type-specific roles in HCV IRES-driven translation initiation.

5' Untranslated Regions ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Humans ; Luciferases ; Plasmids ; Protein Biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Transfection