Objective To investigate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)signaling pathway and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)isoforms in mouse model of cognitive dysfunction secondary to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(rmTBI).Methods A total of 63 male C57BL/6J mice(5 weeksd old,werghing 16～17 g)were divided into model group(n=50)and control group(n=13).The mice of the model group received modified weight drop and repeated head impacts to establish a model of rmTBI,and the mice from the control group were only given anesthetic treatment.From the 30th day after the end of modeling,Morris water maze test was applied to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities,and the relative data was evaluate for correlation analysis.According to the taxonomy of cognitive levels,the model group was further stratified into high-,medium-and low-performance groups.After the mice with medium-performance group were eliminated,and the indicators of water maze test were compared among the high-performance,low-performance,and control groups.After the behavioral experiment,Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of CaMKII,α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid receptor(AMPAR)subunits(GluR1,p-GluR1,GluR2),and different isoforms of BDNF(mBDNF,proBDNF)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.The expression levels were compared among the groups.Results ① There were significant correlations among the water maze-related indicators(P<0.05).The mice in the model group were divided into 3 groups of high-(n=31),medium-(n=11)and low-performance(n=8)levels through hierarchical clustering,and there were differences in cognitive levels in the high-performance,low-performance and control groups.② The phosphorylation level of GluR1 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in the high-performance group than the control group and the low-performance group(P<0.05).When compared with the control group,the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in the prefrontal cortex of the low-performance group was increased(P<0.05),and the expression of GluR2 and CaMKⅡ in the prefrontal cortex of the high-performance group was increased(P<0.05).The low-performance group obtained obviously lower GluR1/GluR2 ratio than the high-performance group(P<0.05).③ When compared with the control group,the low-performance group exhibited notably elevated expression of proBDNF and mBDNF(P<0.05)and mBDNF/proBDNF(P<0.05)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus,while the high-performance group had enhanced expression of mBDNF in the prefrontal cortex(P<0.05).Conclusion In the chronic phase of rmTBI,prognosis of good cognitive function is accompanied by up-regulation of CaMKⅡ signaling pathway,and the difference in cognitive function is accompanied by the change in proportions of different AMPAR subunits on the postsynaptic membrane.In the cognitive impairment group,there is an overexpression of 2 types of BDNF isoforms and an increase in the conversion rate of mBDNF.

BACKGROUND:Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that hypertonic glucose prolotherapy promotes tendon injury healing,yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of hypertonic glucose on rat behavior,cellular morphology,tendon extracellular matrix components,and growth factors.METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups:control blank,model,5%glucose,15%glucose,and 25%glucose groups,with 10 rats in each group.(1)Modeling:Except for the control blank group,all groups received an Achilles tendon injection of type I collagenase.(2)Intervention:The control blank and model groups received no treatment.The 5%,15%,and 25%glucose groups received injections of 30 μL of 5%,15%,and 25%glucose,respectively,into the right Achilles tendon once a week for 3 weeks.(3)Assessments:Behavioral assessments,hematoxylin-eosin staining,western blot,and RT-qPCR were conducted to assess type I collagen,type III collagen,transforming growth factor β1,vascular endothelial growth factor,and SCX expression levels in tendon tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Behavioral analysis:Compared with the control blank group,the model group showed a significant reduction in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited a significant increase in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control blank group,tendon tissue in the other groups showed varying degrees of collagen disarray,increased number of blood vessels,and increased number of cells.However,glucose-treated groups exhibited more orderly collagen alignment than the model group.(3)Compared with the control blank group,the mRNA expression of type I collagen α1 was reduced,and the mRNA expression of type III collagen was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited increased mRNA expression of type I collagen α1,while both the 15%and 25%glucose groups showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of type III collagen and increased SCX mRNA expression(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the model group displayed reduced protein expression of type I collagen and increased protein expression of type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the glucose intervention groups had decreased protein expression of type III collagen,with the 25%glucose group showing increased protein expression of type I collagen and the 15%glucose group exhibiting elevated protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1(P<0.05).To conclude,hypertonic glucose promotes vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 expression,modulates collagen synthesis,increases the content of type I collagen,and accelerates tendon healing.Furthermore,25%hypertonic glucose concentration has the optimal intervention effect.

BACKGROUND:Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that hypertonic glucose prolotherapy promotes tendon injury healing,yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of hypertonic glucose on rat behavior,cellular morphology,tendon extracellular matrix components,and growth factors.METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups:control blank,model,5%glucose,15%glucose,and 25%glucose groups,with 10 rats in each group.(1)Modeling:Except for the control blank group,all groups received an Achilles tendon injection of type I collagenase.(2)Intervention:The control blank and model groups received no treatment.The 5%,15%,and 25%glucose groups received injections of 30 μL of 5%,15%,and 25%glucose,respectively,into the right Achilles tendon once a week for 3 weeks.(3)Assessments:Behavioral assessments,hematoxylin-eosin staining,western blot,and RT-qPCR were conducted to assess type I collagen,type III collagen,transforming growth factor β1,vascular endothelial growth factor,and SCX expression levels in tendon tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Behavioral analysis:Compared with the control blank group,the model group showed a significant reduction in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited a significant increase in 5-minute running distance(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control blank group,tendon tissue in the other groups showed varying degrees of collagen disarray,increased number of blood vessels,and increased number of cells.However,glucose-treated groups exhibited more orderly collagen alignment than the model group.(3)Compared with the control blank group,the mRNA expression of type I collagen α1 was reduced,and the mRNA expression of type III collagen was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the 25%glucose group exhibited increased mRNA expression of type I collagen α1,while both the 15%and 25%glucose groups showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of type III collagen and increased SCX mRNA expression(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the model group displayed reduced protein expression of type I collagen and increased protein expression of type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the glucose intervention groups had decreased protein expression of type III collagen,with the 25%glucose group showing increased protein expression of type I collagen and the 15%glucose group exhibiting elevated protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1(P<0.05).To conclude,hypertonic glucose promotes vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 expression,modulates collagen synthesis,increases the content of type I collagen,and accelerates tendon healing.Furthermore,25%hypertonic glucose concentration has the optimal intervention effect.

Background and Aims:Preoperative sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength,and it is associated with various adverse postoperative outcomes.Gastric cancer patients may experience transient or persistent postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),which significantly impacts their quality of life and prognosis.However,it remains unclear whether this complication is linked to sarcopenia.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate further the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery,with a particular focus on the relationship between sarcopenia and POCD,in order to provide insights for preoperative assessment and postoperative management of gastric cancer patients. Methods:The clinical data of gastric cancer patients who underwent radical surgery in the Third Department of Surgery at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2014 and January 2015 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on preoperative L3 skeletal muscle index,handgrip strength,and gait speed measurements.The clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcopenic patients,as well as the impact of sarcopenia on short-term clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis,were analyzed.Additionally,factors influencing the development of POCD were determined. Results:A total of 320 gastric cancer patients were included,of whom 59(18.44％)were diagnosed with sarcopenia.Compared with the non-sarcopenia group,sarcopenic patients had significantly lower bady mass index,serum total protein,serum albumin,and hemoglobin levels,with a higher proportion of patients aged ≥60 years,NRS 2002 score ≥3,comorbid pulmonary disease,and those undergoing open surgery(all P＜0.05).After balancing the baseline characteristics of the two groups using propensity score matching(PSM),each group included 59 patients.The analysis revealed that the overall incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group(54.24％vs.32.20％,P=0.016).The sarcopenia group also had a significantly higher incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ complications and postoperative infectious complications(27.12％vs.5.08％,P=0.001;33.90％vs.15.25％,P=0.019).The average hospital stay was significantly longer for sarcopenic patients(12.54±4.7 d vs.7.68±3.8 d,P=0.005).Additionally,the 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)rates were lower in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group(both P＜0.05).Cox multivariate analysis showed that sarcopenia,tumor pT stage,and tumor pN stage were independent risk factors for 5-year OS and DFS.At the same time,adjuvant chemotherapy was a protective factor for prognosis(all P＜0.05).Among the 118 patients after PSM,34(28.81％)were diagnosed with POCD.Logistic multivariate regression analysis indicated that preoperative sarcopenia,the number of preoperative comorbidities,and anesthesia duration of ≥2 h were independent risk factors for POCD,while intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine was a protective factor(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:Preoperative sarcopenia is closely associated with unfavorable postoperative outcomes and the development of POCD in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.Clinicians should emphasize the detection of sarcopenia during preoperative evaluation and implement proactive interventions and postoperative management strategies to improve clinical outcomes and long-term survival rates.

Radiation-induced fibrosis, especially radiation-induced muscle fibrosis (RIMF), is a common complication associated with radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, there is a gradual worsening of muscle stiffness and joint mobility impairments over time, which severely affects the quality of life of cancer patients. This article aims to review the latest research progress on the mechanisms and diagnosis and assessment methods of RIMF, as well as its rehabilitation strategies. This review provides systematic and effective health management and rehabilitation strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with RIMF.

Objective To study the radiation-protective effect of diallyl disulfide(DADS)in germ cells of male mice. Methods Male mice were whole-body exposured to 4 Gy X-ray irradiation to establish a animal radiation damage model. Testicular histology, sperm motility and sperm deformity rate were observed, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)content were tested to assess the degrees of radiation damages of sperm cells and protective effect of DADS. Testicular tissue antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px)activity and glutathione(GSH)content were examined. The expression of Nrf2 signal protein was detected to explore the radiation-protective mechanism of DADS. Results Compared with the pure exposure group, the testicular tissue damages in the DADS pretreatment group were milder, sperm motility increased significantly(P< 0.05)and sperm deformity rate decreased(P< 0.05), and the protein carbonyl content, MDA and 8-OHdG levels significantly reduced(P< 0.05). The antioxidant indexes of SOD, CAT, GSH-px and GSH were markedly improved(P< 0.05),and the expression of Nrf2 was dramatically enhanced. Conclusions DADS has a protective effect on acute radiation injury in germ cells of male mice by means of anti-oxidative ability.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinal Cyst

Objective To investigate the effect of creatine phosphate sodium on postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) in gastric carcinoma patients. Methods Nighty cases of radical resection in gastric cancer were randomly divided into control group (n=45) and treatment group (n=45).Normal saline (100 mL) and phosphocreatine sodium (2 g) was admin-istrated intravenously after anaesthesia induction in treatment group while only normal saline was given in control group . After operation, the two groups of patients were all treated with enteral and parenteral nutrition. General performance was ob-served in both groups. Fatigue score (VAS score) was measured on the day before the operation,the first,third and fifth day after operation. Body weight, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid upper arm circumference (AMC), plasma total protein (TP), plasma albumin (ALB) and prealbumin (PA) were examined at the same time. Results The total effective rate of the control group and the study group were 73.3%and 95.6%respectively and the difference was of statistically significant. Fa-tigue scores (VAS score) was significantly difference in both groups pre- and post-operation time points, also between 2 groups. Body mass, TSF and AMC in time points postoperation were all lower than those in the time point of preoperation. TP, ALB and PA of two groups in postoperative time points were significantly different compared with those in preoperative time point. The above indexes were all decreased with postoperation time, and these indexes in treatment group were signifi-cantly better than those in control group. Conclusion Creatine phosphate sodium can alleviate postoperative fatigue, im-prove nutritious status and promote early rehabilitation of patients.

Objective:To express SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein in Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System and analyze the antigenicity of the recombinant protein.Methods: The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid gene was amplified by PCR.The PCR product digested with BamHⅠand SalⅠrestriction endonucleases was cloned into vector pFastBac HTC of Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus expression system.Recombinant plasmid was transformed DH 10Bac cells to obtain the recombinant Bacmid DNA.Recombinant Bacmid DNA was transferred into Sf9 cells which were inducted to express the recombinant protein in High Five cells.After purified by Ni affinity chroma-tography ,the antigenicity of the recombinant protein was analyzed by Western blot and ELISA.Results:Recombinant plasmid was con-structed successfully.The recombinant protein with the relative molecular mass of 48 kD was efficiently expressed in High Five cells and purified successfully by Ni affinity chromatography.Western blot and ELISA analysis showed that the recombinant protein could be spe -cifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody to SARS-CoV N protein and immune serum from rabbits ,respectively.The recombinant protein can specifically reacted with serum from SARS patients ,not with serum from healthy persons and patients infected with hCoV-229 E and hCoV-OC43.Conclusion: SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein has been expressed successfully in the Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System ,and obtained good antigenicity.It is preliminary deemed that it can't reacted with serum from patients infected with hCoV-229E and hCoV-OC43.

Objective:To establish a method for the content determination of triptolide in compound tripterygium wilfordil syrups by HPLC. Methods:The samples were analyzed on a Diamonsil C18 column(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm), the mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (46∶54), the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 224 nm, and the column temperature was kept at 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results: The linear range of triptolide was 5. 66-33. 96 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 8), and the average recovery was 99. 35% with RSD of 1. 02%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple and sensitive with good repeatability, and can be used to control the quality of triptolide in compound tripterygium wilfordil syrups.