Objective To explore the relationship between translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40（TOMM40）gene polymorphism and inflammatory status and cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia（VaD）. Methods From June 2020 to December 2022，48 patients with VaD and 40 age-matched control participants were enrolled. TOMM40_rs11556505 and IL-10-592 A/C_rs1800872 polymorphisms were measured. The cognitive function of the patients was evaluated by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status（RBANS）. Results The main effects of VaD were significant in all the analyses of the sub-scores and total score of RBANS（all P<0.001，all FDR<0.001）. TOMM40_rs11556505 polymorphism had a significant main effect on language score（F=4.524，P=0.034，Cohen f=0.08）. TOMM40×VaD had significant interaction effects on immediate memory（F=4.682，P=0.031，Cohen f=0.08）and language score（F=4.465，P=0.035，Cohen f=0.08）. The two-way multivariate analysis of covariance（IL-10×TOMM40）revealed significant interaction effects between their gene polymorphisms on visual space/structure（F=4.063，P=0.045，FDR=0.080，Cohen f=0.13），language（F=12.031，P<0.001，FDR=0.006，Cohen f=0.23），and delayed memory（F=5.118，P=0.025，FDR=0.075，Cohen f=0.23）in patients with VaD. Conclusion IL-10-592 A/C and TOMM40_rs11556505 gene polymorphisms have interaction effects on cognitive function，with their influence direction depending on each other's genotype.
Interleukin-10

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death involving copper ion metabolism, has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy. This pathway not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiating robust anti-tumor immune responses. However, translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications is hindered by challenges, including complex metabolic regulation, TME heterogeneity, and the precision required for effective drug delivery. To address these limitations, nanoparticles offer transformative solutions by providing precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy through simultaneous modulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses. This review systematically discusses recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cuproptosis delivery systems, highlighting nanoparticle design principles and their synergistic effects when integrated with other therapeutic modalities such as ICB, PTT, and CDT. Furthermore, we explore the potential of cuproptosis-based nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment by emphasizing strategies for TME stratification and therapeutic optimization tailored to patient profiles. By integrating current insights from metabolic reprogramming, tumor immunotherapy, and nanotechnology, this review aims to facilitate the clinical translation of cuproptosis nanomedicine and significantly contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Objective:To discuss the promotion effect of chemokine C-C motif ligand 19(CCL19)induced macrophage M1 polarization on chronic pancreatitis of the mice,and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:Ten male C57BL/6N mice were selected,and the pancreatic acinar cells and peritoneal macrophages were extracted from these mice to construct the macrophage-acinar cell co-culture system.The co-culture system cells were divided into control group,model group,and small interfering RNA CCL19(si-CCL19)group.The morphology of the acinar cells in various groups were observed under microscope.Forty mice were randomly selected and divided into normal group and chronic pancreatitis group,and there were 20 mice in each group.HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of pancreatic tissue of the mice in two groups;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expressions of cytokeratin 19(CK19),amylase,M1 macrophage-related markers inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and F4/80 in pancreatic tissue of the mice in two groups and morphology of follicular cells and the expressions of CK19,amylase in the co-culture system cells in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β in serum of the mice in two groups and in the co-culture system cells in various groups;immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of CCL19 protein in pancreatic tissue of the mice in two groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of CCL19 protein and two nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway-related proteins P65,phosphorylate P65(p-P65),kappa B inhibitor of kinase α/β(IKKα/β),phosphorylated IKKα/β(p-IKKα/β),IkBα,phosphorylated IκBα(p-IκBα)in pancreatic tissue of the mice in two groups and in the co-culture system cells in various groups.Results:The HE staining results showed that the acinar cells in pancreatic tissue of the mice in normal group were tightly arranged;compared with normal group,the acinar cells of the mice in chronic pancreatitis group showed obvious vacuolation and acinar cell ductal metaplasia,indicating successful preparation of the mouse pancreatitis model.The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with control group,the acinar cells in model group exhibited severe vacuolation,the CK19 expression was significantly increased,and the amylase expression was significantly decreased;compared with model group,the acinar cell ductal metaplasia in si-CCL19 group was decreased,the CK19 expression was significantly decreased,and the amylase expression was significantly increased;compared with normal group,the expression of amylase in pancreatic tissue of the mice in chronic pancreatitis group was significantly decreased,while the expressions of CK19 and M1 macrophage markers iNOS and F4/80 were significantly increased.The ELISA results showed that compared with normal group,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β of the mice in chronic pancreatitis group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the cells in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the cells in si-CCL19 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with normal group,the expression of CCL19 protein in pancreatic tissue of the mice in chronic pancreatitis group was significantly increased.The Western blotting results showed that compared with normal group,the expression levels of CCL19 protein and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins p-P65,p-IKKα/β,and p-IκBα in pancreatic tissue of the mice in chronic pancreatitis group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the expression levels of CCL19,p-IKKα/β,p-P65,and p-IκBα proteins in the cells in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of CCL19,p-IKKα/β,p-P65,and p-IκBα proteins in the cells in si-CCL19 group were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:CCL19 promotes the macrophage M1 polarization through the NF-κB signaling pathway,induces the formation of inflammatory microenvironment,and promotes the occurrence and development of pancreatitis.

Objective To analyze the use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces in Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital;To provide the basis and early warning for the monitoring of rational medication.Methods The prescriptions of oral Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces issued by the outpatient and emergency department of Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 1,2018 to May 31,2023 were extracted.Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition)was used to classify the classification of toxic decoction pieces,and unreasonable usage was analyzed.Results A total of 15 083 prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces were extracted,and 15 760 cases were used,including 24 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces.813 cases were used unreasonably,accounting for 5.16%,of which 642 cases were used excessively,accounting for 78.97%of the irrational cases.There were 217 cases of Chinese patent medicines of TCM decoction pieces containing heavy toxin,including 214 cases of excessive use,accounting for 98.62%.Unreasonable applications mainly focused on orthopedics,thyroid diseases,rheumatism and emergency medicine.Conclusion The excessive use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces in our hospital is prominent,with potential safety hazards.Clinical pharmacists should start from prescription reviews,provide feedback to physicians,and explore the monitoring of rational medication.They should intervene in drug prescriptions that have obvious toxicity or are prone to adverse reactions,discuss corresponding standardized measures,in order to use drugs reasonably and avoid artificially controlled adverse reactions or poisoning situations.