ObjectiveTo screen for and validate key differentially expressed proteins in serum of patients with metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to provide a basis for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and developing intervention strategies for this disease. MethodsA total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with MAFLD in the third affiliated hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled as MAFLD group， and 20 healthy controls were enrolled as HC group. Demographic data and serum biochemical parameters were collected from both groups. Data-independent acquisition （DIA） quantitative proteomics was used to measure the relative expression levels of serum proteins， and related methods were used to obtain significantly differentially expressed proteins， including the gene ontology functional enrichment analysis， the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis， protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， Hub node interaction， and weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）. Rats were given a high-fat diet to establish a model of MAFLD， and randomly assigned to the control group and model group. Serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory factors were measured， liver histopathological changes were observed， and the protein expression levels of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase （MERTK） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in liver tissue were verified. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or data with heterogeneity of variance between groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsCompared with the HC group， the MAFLD group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-7.348， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （Z=5.088， P<0.05）， alkaline phosphatase （t=-3.943， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=2.070， P<0.05）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （t=3.867， P<0.05）. A total of 3 559 proteins were identified by DIA serum proteomics， among which 160 differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in pathways including metabolic disorders， immune inflammatory response， and extracellular matrix remodeling. The PPI network and the Hub node analysis showed that serpin family E member 1， MMP-9， and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 were core regulatory proteins. WGCNA showed that the MEyellow module was significantly positively correlated with MAFLD phenotype （cor=0.55， P<0.001）， which was functionally enriched in the efferocytosis pathway. MERTK （P<0.001） and MMP-9 （P<0.001） showed the most significant differential expression in this module. A rat model of MAFLD was successfully established using a high-fat diet， and compared with the control group， the model group had enlarged， yellowish， and greasy liver and disordered structure of hepatic lobules， hepatocyte fatty degeneration， and inflammatory cell infiltration based on HE staining， as well as massive lipid droplet deposition based on oil red O staining， while no obvious fibrous cords were observed in Masson staining. Compared with the control group， the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-5.148， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （t=-5.663， P<0.05）， total bilirubin （t=-13.061， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=-2.722， P<0.05）， total cholesterol （t=3.588， P<0.05）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （t=-16.741， P<0.05）， as well as significant increases in the protein expression levels of MERTK （t=-11.448， P<0.001） and MMP-9 （t=-10.875， P<0.001） in liver tissue. ConclusionMMP-9 and MERTK are abnormally expressed in MAFLD and may be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for this disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum levels of collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1(CTHRC1)and galectin-10 and disease severity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris(PV).Methods From October 2021 to March 2023,a total of 105 confirmed PV patients treated in the hospital were regarded as the research objects.According to the disease severity,they were separated into a severe group(46 cases)and mild to moderate group(59 cases).Additionally,105 healthy individuals who came to the hospital for physical examination were selected as the control group.The levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in serum were compared and analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influen-cing factors for the development of severe PV in patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum CTHRC1 and galectin-10 levels for the development of severe PV in patients.Results Compared with the control group,the serum levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the severe group and mild to moderate group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild to moderate group,the serum levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the severe group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild to moderate group,the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-26(IL-26),interleukin-22(IL-22),and interleukin-17(IL-17)were all increased in the severe group(P＜0.05).Ser-um IL-26,IL-22,CTHRC1,and galectin-10 levels were all influencing factors for the development of severe PV in patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum IL-26,IL-22,CTHRC1 and galectin-10 levels for predicting the development of severe PV in patients were 0.809,0.784,0.863 and 0.874,respective-ly,the AUC predicted by the combination of the four was 0.966,and the combined prediction of the four was better than the prediction of the four separately(Z combination of the four-IL-26=3.581,Zcombination of the four-IL-22=3.285,Zcombination of the four-CTHRC1=2.671,Zcombination of the four-galectin10=2.434,P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the serum of PV patients are related to the severity of the disease.

The incidence of aortic valve disease gradually increases with age,and has become an upward trend in recent years.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has become the first-line treatment for aortic stenosis(AS)due to minimal surgical trauma and fast postoperative recovery.But TAVR is a complex and high-risk technology,and the operation requires multidisciplinary collaboration and a comprehensive nursing team.Nursing care is crucial during the perioperative period of TAVR.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of perioperative nursing for TAVR patients,based on the latest research progress both domestically and internationally,in order to enhance the care of TAVR patients during the perioperative period,especially for postoperative complications.

AIM: To avoid the problem of retinal dissection in guinea pig large eyeball tissue sections, different methods were used to optimize the fixation effect of the posterior pole of the eyeball.METHODS: A total of 75 normal guinea pigs(2 weeks old)were randomly divided into 5 large groups. Group A(1-3 small groups), the entire eyeball was fixed with FAS, Davidson fixative 1(D1), and Davidson fixative 2(D2)for 24 h; group B(4-6 small groups), the entire eyeball was fixed with FAS, D1, and D2 for 1 h, then cut the cornea and fix it in their respective fixatives for 2 h; group C(7-9 small groups), the eyeball was fixed in FAS, D1, and D2 for 1 h, divided into left and right halves along the direction of the optic nerve, and then placed them in their respective fixation solutions for 2 h; group D(10-12 small groups), after fixation for 3 h in FAS, D1, and D2, the eyeball was divided into left and right halves along the optic nerve direction; group E(13-15 small groups), the cornea was cut after fixation for 3 h in FAS, D1, and D2. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to compare the fixation effect on posterior eyeball in each group.RESULTS: After fixation, the surface of the eyeballs in groups, 1-6 and 11-15 was smooth and round, with a transparent and bright color. In groups 7-10, the eyeballs were sunken, wrinkled, and deformed. The HE staining showed that the eyeball morphology of groups 1, 5, 6, 14, and 15 was significantly better than the other groups, with a regular internal tissue structure. The eyeballs of the other groups were sunken and wrinkled, and the internal tissue was curled and tangled, with severe retinal detachment. In groups 1, 5, 6, 14, and 15, the retina, choroid, and sclera tissues of group 14 were closely connected, without obvious retinal detachment, rupture, or curling. The tissue structure was clear and visible, and the cells were arranged neatly.CONCLUSION: The fixation effect of cutting the cornea after fixing guinea pig eyeball with D1 fixative for 3 h is the most ideal, and this operation method is simple and suitable for studying the related structures of the posterior pole of the eye.

Objective To explore a method to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of medical diagnostic neural network models under conditions of small data volumes,and to address the issue of poor neural network model performance in computer-aided diagnosis of nail diseases due to limited training data.Methods A dual-model strategy integrating instance segmentation with fine-grained feature classification was proposed.The neural network model based on dual-model strategy was trained using the dataset of Image-Based Intelligent Diagnosis of Nail Disease Model task of the first National Digital Health Innovation Application Competition & Health and Medical Big Data Theme Competition.This dataset covered 8 types of nail diseases,including nail matrix nevi,paronychia,nail psoriasis,onychomycosis,subungual hemorrhage,melanonychia,periungual warts,and nail melanoma,with class imbalance present.The diagnostic performance of the dual-model strategy was evaluated and compared with single-model strategies(image classification models[ResNet50 and Swin Transformer]and target detection model based on faster region-based convolutional neural network[Faster R-CNN])under the same hardware and software training conditions.Results The dataset included 1 048 samples,including 210 cases of nail matrix nevi,186 cases of paronychia,69 cases of nail psoriasis,203 cases of onychomycosis,149 cases of subungual hemorrhage,71 cases of melanonychia,93 cases of periungual warts,and 67 cases of nail melanoma,with 90％used for training various models and 10％for evaluation.The micro F1 score was 0.324 in the image classification model based on ResNet50,0.381 in the image classification model based on Swin Transformer,0.572 in the target detection model based on Faster R-CNN,and 0.714 in the dual-model strategy model Mask R-CNN+Swin Transformer.The accuracy rates for diagnosing different nail diseases in the dual-model strategy were:nail matrix nevi 80.95％(17/21),paronychia 89.47％(17/19),nail psoriasis 100.00％(7/7),onychomycosis 70.00％(14/20),subungual hemorrhage 73.33％(11/15),melanonychia 14.29％(1/7),periungual warts 55.56％(5/9),and nail melanoma 42.86％(3/7).The micro F1 score for evaluating the dual-model strategy on a test set of 1 000 cases was 0.844.Conclusion The dual-model strategy can effectively combine models with different functions to well accomplish the task of intelligent diagnosis of nail diseases under small data volume training conditions.

Objective To investigate the effect of indoor coal PM2.5 on the airway inflammation and the pathological morphology alterations of lung tissue in asthmatic rats induced by ovalbumin(OVA). Methods Forty six?week?old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(Control,OVA,PM2.5,PM2.5+OVA). Normal saline,OVA(15μg/mL)and(or)PM2.5(2.5 mg/mL)were given to rats in the four groups through intratracheal instillation for four times (two weeks one time),respectively. Twenty?four hours after the last intratracheal instillation ,bronchoalveolar irrigation lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determinations of serum interleukin 4(IL?4),interferon gamma (IFN?γ). The lung tissue was collected for HE staining and electron microscopy detection. Results HE staining showed less inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the control group;In PM2.5 group and OVA group,there was medium quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration,In PM2.5+OVA group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Electron microscopy showed no abnormal lung tissue in the control group,but organelles were gradually destroyed,endothelial cell edama,alveolar interval with a large number of fibersin were observed in PM2.5 group. The exfoliated cells,local typeⅡ cells with visible damage were found in OVA group. A large number of fibers were existed among the lung tissues and organelles were destroyed,thickness of basement membrane was non?uniform,and blood air barrier structure was not clear in PM2.5 + OVA group. Compared with PM2.5+OVA group,concentration of IL?4 in PM2.5,OVA and the control group was siganificantly different(P < 0.05). A negative correlation between IL?4 and IFN?γ was observed (r =-0.358,P < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor coal PM2.5 exacerbates the airway inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in OVA?induced asthmatic rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B12 level and arsenic methylation and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the arsenic exposed population.Methods Three villages in Midu County,Dali City,Yunnan Province were investigated.Cross-sectional study was used to select 103 subjects.The population was divided into three groups according to drinking water arsenic exposure situation and whether arsenic poisoning patients:28 cases of control group (not exposed to high arsenic),30 cases of arsenic patient group and 45 cases of non patient group.Instant peripheral blood samples and urine samples were collected.The content of arsenic in urine was determined by hydride generation cold trap and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The levels of vitamin B12 in serum were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay.The urine arsenic and serum vitamin B12 contents in different groups were compared,the arsenic poisoning prevalence rate in people with different levels of serum vitamin B12 was investigated,and the correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and the metabolism of arsenic methylation was analyzed.Results The level of urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylated arsenic (MMA) and dimethylated arsenic (DMA),total arsenic (tAs) were significantly different between groups (F =13.032,20.778,21.978,22.155,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of urine arsenic in patients with arsenic exposure [(94.56 ± 107.62),(75.76 ± 54.31),(270.19 ± 185.10),(444.02 ± 323.28) μg/g Cr] and non patient with arsenic exposure [(40.05 ± 47.47),(45.11 ± 46.06),(183.91± 151.45),(270.84 ± 231.45) μg/g Cr] were significantly higher than those in control group [(7.58 ± 4.82),(4.27 ± 2.01),(26.89 ± 11.45),(38.91 ± 13.34) μg/g Cr,all P ＜ 0.05].The serum levels of vitamin B12 were significantly different between groups (F =6.650,P ＜ 0.05),patients exposed to arsenic [(366.05 ± 120.03) ng/L] was significantly lower than the control group [(533.70 ± 180.12) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].There were significant differences in the detection rate of arsenic poisoning among different levels of serum vitamin B12 (x2=8.13,P ＜ 0.05),the lower dose of vitamin B12,the more serious the incidence of arsenic poisoning.The content of vitamin B12 was negatively correlated with MMA％ (r =-0.21,P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with SMR (r =0.21,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Low levels of vitamin B12 in serum may increase the risk of arsenic poisoning.

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To observe the effect of rapamycin on the apoptosis of mouse astrocytes in vitro.ME-THODS:The astrocytes from C57BL/6J newborn mouse pups were isolated and primarily cultured.The effect of rapamycin on the viability of astrocytes was assessed by MTT assay.The mean fluorescence intensity of SYTOX?Green stain in the astrocytes was detected by fluorescence microplate reader in order to analyze the effects of rapamycin on the cell death in-duced by H2 O2 , ionomycin and/or deferorxamin.DiOC6 (3) staining was used to analyze the mitochondrial membrane po-tential of the astrocytes induced by H2 O2 .Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the production of ROS in the as-trocytes and mitochondria by staining with H2 DCFDA and MitoSOXTM Red reagent, respectively.RESULTS: Rapamycin at concentration of 0.5 μmol/L protected the astrocytes against cell death induced by H2 O2 or deferoxamine plus ionomy-cin.Rapamycin protected the mitochondrial membrane potential of astrocytes from the injury of H2 O2 .It also reduced the production of ROS in the astrocytes and decreased the level of ROS in the mitochondria.CONCLUSION:Rapamycin re-duces the ROS overload in the mitochondria, keeps mitochondrial membrane potential safety and protects the astrocytes a-gainst apoptosis in vitro.

Objective To investigate the influence of low-dose,long-term arsenite exposure on keratinocyte (HaCat) cell apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.Methods HaCat cells were exposed to different concentrations of NaAsO2[0(control group),0.05,0.10 μmol/L] for 15 weeks.A total of 10 000 cells in each group were measured to detect the level of apoptosis by flow cytometry.The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blotting method.Results The cell apoptosis rate was significantly different between groups (F =17.19,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with that of the control [(1.42 ± 0.13)％],the apoptosis rates of the 0.05 and 0.10 μmol/L groups [(1.23 ± 0.08)％ and (1.04 ± 0.06)％] decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05); the 0.10 μmol/L group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05 μmol/L group(P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly different between groups (F=107.38,346.45,all P＜ 0.05).The protein expression of Bcl-2 of the 0.05 and 0.10 μmol/L groups were (143.89 ± 7.74)％ and (199.96 ± 12.18)％,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the control group[(100.00 ± 1.45)％,all P ＜ 0.05] ; the 0.10 μmol/L group was significantly higher than that of the 0.05 μmol/L group (P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of Bax of the 0.05 and 0.10 μmol/L groups were (70.78 ± 1.53)％ and (54.80 ± 1.34)％,respectively,which were markedly lower than that of the control group[(100.00 ± 3.09)％,all P ＜ 0.05]; the 0.10 μmoL/L group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05 μmol/L group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Decreased level of apoptosis induced by low level and long-term arsenic exposure may be associated with increased expression of Bcl-2 protein and decreased expression of Bax protein.