Objective:To explore the hotspots of the public concerns about quitting smoking before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:The monthly search index data of four key words, “the harm of smoking”，“quitting smoking”，“passive smoking” and “electronic cigarette” before the COVID-19 (from January, 2016 to December, 2019) and during the COVID-19 (from January, 2020 to December, 2020) pandemic were manually collected from the Baidu Index platform. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences among annual search indexes of four keywords. The linear regression model was used to test the annual linear trend of search index of each keyword before the COVID-19, and the one-sample t-test was used to analyze the differences of the search indexes during the COVID-19 and the means before the COVID-19. Results:During 2016—2020, the annual average search index of “electronic cigarette” was the highest (1.465 million), followed by “the harm of smoking” (0.884 million) and “quitting smoking” (0.780 million), while “passive smoking” was the lowest (0.171 million). Before the COVID-19 (2016—2019), the search index of each keyword had positive cumulative growth, but there was no significant linear trend of annual change ( P>0.05). During the COVID-19 period (2020), the search index of “the harm of smoking” decreased significantly (0.794 million vs 0.907 million, P=0.011), and “quitting smoking” (0.591 million vs 0.827 million, P=0.172) and “passive smoking” (0.164 million vs 0.172 million, P=0.257) showed a downward trend, while the search index of “electronic cigarettes” bucked the trend and increased significantly (1.825 million vs 1.375 million, P=0.010). Conclusions:The public′s online attention to “electronic cigarette” increases dramatically during COVID-19 along with other information about quitting smoking decreases. There are urgent needs for strengthening regulation and monitoring of electronic cigarettes and carrying out more effective publicity of scientific methods to help quit smoking.

Background Our previous study showed that curcumin suppresses the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro and has an influence on the signal transduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosinc monophosphate (cGMP).Actually,the regulation for biological behavior of LECs in vivo is complex.Objective This study was to investigate the changes of signal transduction of protein kinase (PK) in inhibition of curcumin on human LECs proliferation.Methods HLE-B3 was cultured and then divided into the blank control group,recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) group and rhbFGF+ curcumin group.rhbFGF of 10 ng/ml was added in the medium in the rhbFGF group,and 20 mg/L curcumin was added into rhbFGF-induced cell medium for 24 hours in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group.The expression rates of PKA,PKC,PKG and calmodulin (CaM) in the cells were assayed using flow cytometry.Results The expression rates of PKA protein were (46.847± 1.673) ％,(33.250 ± 2.242) ％ and (71.645 ±2.432) ％ in the blank control group,rhbFGF group and the rhbFGF+ curcumin group,respectively,and the expression rate of PKA protein was significantly reduced in the rhbFGF group compared with the blank control group (t =11.904,P＜0.01),but the expression rate of PKA protein in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group was significnatly higher than that in the rhbFGF group (t=28.430,P＜0.01).In the blank control group,rhbFGF group and the rhbFGF+ curcumin group,the expression rates of PKC protein in the cells were (35.575± 1.937) ％,(50.652±2.068) ％ and (27.662t4.481) ％,those of PKG protein were (63.838±0.486) ％,(86.562 ± 1.325) ％ and (40.733 ± 2.175) ％,while those of CaM protein were (67.408± 1.391)％,(83.887±3.499)％ and (53.785 ± 1.942)％,the expression rates of PKC,PKG and CaM were significantly lower in the rhbFGF group in comparison with the blank control group (all at P＜0.01),and those in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group were significantly declined in comparison with the rhbFGF group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Suppression of curcumin on HLE-B3 proliferation probably is associated with the up-regulation of PKA expression and down-regulation of PKC,PKG and CaM expression in the cells.

Objective To explore the value of oral ultrasonic contrast agent on preoperative T staging of gastric cancer.Methods 62 patients diagnosed with gastric neoplasms by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were treated by oral ultrasonic contrast agent and conventional ultrasonography before surgery,two methods were compared with postoperative pathology.Results Oral ultrasonic contrast agent and conventional ultrasound detection rates of gastric neoplasms were 100.0 ％(62/62)and 64.5 ％ (40/62),The difference was significant between the two examination methods(x2 =24.369,P ＜ 0.05).The oral ultrasonic contrast agent and conventional ultrasound with T1,T4 staging accuracy rates were 85.7 ％(6/7),0,92.3 ％(36/39),59.0 ％(23/39),there were significant differences(both P ＜ 0.05).T2,T3 staging accuracy rate were 75.0 ％(3/4),0,83.3 ％(5/6),33.3 ％(2/6),the differences were not significant(P =0.143,P =0.242).Conclusion Oral ultrasonic contrast agent in preoperative T staging diagnosis has higher accuracy rate in gastric neoplasms,it could guide clinical rational therapy.It is worth promoting non-invasive,convenient means of stomach diseases census.

Objective To explore the factors affecting diagnosis accuracy on T stage of oral ultrasonic contrast agent examination on ulcerative gastric neoplasms.Methods Data from 82 patients were analyzed who were pathologically diagnosed as ulcerative gastric neoplasms ultrasounds data of oral ultrasonic contrast agent before surgery were compared to postoperative pathology,analysis had been done on influence of the lesion site,size of the T staging on ulcerative gastric neoplasms.Results The diagnosis accuracy rate of T stage on lesser curvature of stomach and gastric antrum were 91.3 ％ (21/23) and 85.7 ％ (24/28),compared with the pathological results were in good concordancy (Kappa =0.763,0.68,P ＜ 0.05).The accuracy rate of T stage on cardiac lesions was 68.0 ％ (17/25),compared with the pathological results consistency in general (Kappa =0.446,P ＜ 0.05).Further research on the effects of T stage accuracy would be necessary.The accuracy rate ofT staging on tumor size ≤ 5.0 cm group and ＞ 5.0 cm were 92.3 ％ (36/39) and 72.1％ (31/43),the difference was significant in two groups (x2 =5.591,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oral ultrasonic contrast agent application is more accurate on lesser curvature of stomach,gastric antrum and lesions size ≤ 5.0 cm.

Objective The truncated fibronectin-binding proteins A (Fba protein) were cloned and expressed, then animals were immunized with Fba protein and subsequently challenged with group A streptococcus (GAS) to further investigate protective antibodies induced by each domain and determine the most immunogenic domain. Methods Fba proteins, which were divided into four overlaps based on the structural domains, were truncated and expressed. The fba truncated genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with SSI-9 of GAS as template, and cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-2T and expressed in E. coli BL-21. The products were confirmed by Western blot and purified by affinity chromatography column. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with the four truncated proteins respectively, with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) as control. The serum IgG of mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the third immunization, mice were challenged with fatal dose of GAS (M+ Fba+ ) to evaluate the protective rates in each group. The data were compared by analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test.Results Prokaryotic expression plasmids of pGEX-2T/FbaAl, pGEX-2T/FbaA2, pGEX-2T/FbaA3 and pGEX-2T/FbaA4 were successfully constructed and the four truncated proteins were expressed and purified successfully. Serum levels of IgG in each experimental group gradually increased with immunization with Fba protein more times. After the third immunization, the IgG titer against FbaA2 1290.2, P<0. 01). After GAS challenge, four out of eight mice were protected in FbaA2 protein group, while two out of eight mice in FbaAl protein, FbaA3 protein and FbaA4 protein groups,respectively (P<0. 05). Conclusions Four truncated Fba proteins are constructed and expressed successfully. Truncated FbaA2 protein could be able to induce strongest protective immune response.

Objective To suppress the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a primary goal in prevention of after cataract. Recent study demonstrated an effective inhibition of elemene(Ele) on tumor cells. Present study was to investigate the effects of Ele on proliferation and cell cycle of human LECs B3 (HLE-B3). Methods Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor(rhbFGF) was utilized to induce proliferation of HLE-B3. Proliferative HLE-B3 was incubated with 80 mg/L Ele in CO_2 incubator for 24 hours. Then the inhibitory effects of Ele on proliferation of HLE-B3 was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT). The effect of Ele on HLE-B3 morphology was observed under the optical microscope. The effect of Ele on HLE-B3 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). Results MTT test showed that the optical density (OD) value of rhbFGF group was remarkably higher than that of control group(0. 599 0 ± 0. 053 1 versus 0. 409 1 ± 0. 042 2) (P ＜ 0. 01), and that of Ele group(0. 450 0 ±0. 061 4) was obviously declined in comparison to rhbFGF group(P ＜0. 01) . The inhibitory rate of Ele was 24.90 %. In proliferation group, the number of HLE-B3 was increased with the normal cell structure and abundant cytoplasm under the optical microscope. However, in Ele group, the number of HLE-B3 was evidently decreased with less cytoplasm, undistinguished cell structure, condensed and aggregated nucleuses. The result of flow cytometer showed that the percentage of HLE-B3 in G_1 phase in rhbFGF group was 42. 062% ± 1. 270% and that in control group was 46. 422% ±3. 765% with a significant difference(P ＜ 0. 05). HLE-B3 in G_1 phase in Ele group (60. 665% ±2.069%) was evidently increased in comparison with rhbFGF group (P ＜ 0. 01). HLE-B3 in S phase in rhbFGF group compared with control group was increased (51.647% ±1.123% versus 31.842% ± 2. 798%) (P ＜ 0. 01), but that in S phase in Ele group(30. 222% ±3.429%) was lower than rhbFGF group (P ＜ 0. 01). HLE-B3 in G_2 phase in rhbFGF group was decreased in comparison with control group (6. 288% ± 0. 966% versus 21. 735% ± 3. 806%, P ＜ 0. 01), and that in G_2 phase in Ele group (9. 112% ± 1. 659%) compared with proliferation group was increased (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Ele could alter the cell cycle of HLE-B3 and effectively inhibit the HLE-B3 proliferation induced by rhbFGF. Ele may be a reliable and effective drug for prevention and treatment of after cataract.

OBJECTIVE Employing biological and chemical monitoring methods in steam sterilization qualification tests,to assure the qualification of the steam sterilizers. METHODS BI PCD and B-D test pack for three consecutive testings in empty chamber were used to qualify steam sterilizers. RESULTS Biological and chemical monitoring methods were the most effective monitoring techniques for steam sterility assurance. CONCLUSIONS The qualification tests should be executed exactly with the introduction of steam sterilizer in OR sterile supply division to assure medical safety.

Objective:To identify monoclonal antibody McAb2 recognizing epitope of Fba of GAS.Methods:The overlapped peptides were synthesized and their abilities to bind McAb2 were detected by dot-ELISA.The predominance amino acids specific for McAb2 were screened using phage 7 peptide library.Results:The result by dot-ELISA analysis demonstrated that the synthetized peptide,amino-acid residues 100-112~(th),could bind McAb2 with high affinity.The predominance amino acids specific for McAb2 were ITPDL,which was located in 100-110~(th)aa of Fba by panning with phage 7 peptide library.Conclusion:The domain and the predominance amino acids of Fba recognized by McAb2 is determined.The results would contribute to the research of the role of Fba on the pathogenic mechanism of GAS,the identification of function of McAb2,and the development of epitope-peptide vaccine.

Objective To express the novel fibronectin-binding protein Fba of group A streptococcus(GAS)and analyze its immunogenicity,so that to evaluate the immune responses to GAS infection.Methods fba gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and confirmed by sequencing.Then it was cloned into pGEX4T-2 vector and Fba protein was expressed in E.coli BL21.The protein expression was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Westernblot.The sera from mice infected with GAS and anti-streptolysin-O positive patients were detected using microtiter plates coated with purified Fba protein as antigen.Afterward Balb/C mice were immunized with this purified protein and the sera were collected after the third immunization for the detection of IgG titer.Results It was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot that the recombinant Fba protein had a specific affinity with anti-Fba sera of rabbit.The anti-serum IgG titer of mice imrnunized with Fba protein was up to 1:4800.Conclusions GAS infection or Fba protein immunization are able to induce high serum titer of anti-Fba which could react specifically with the recombinant Fba protein.It indicates that Fba protein has good immunogenicity and antigenicity.So Fba protein could be a GAS candidate vaccine and an important tool to detect anti-GAS titer in GAS infected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of pediatric chronic sinusitis and analyze its relative factors, so that the best treatment plan and operation time can be choose. METHOD: Two hundred and twenty cases of pediatric chronic sinusitis were divided into 4 groups: group A with only simple chronic sinusitis, group B accompanied adenoid hypertrophy. Among group B, group B1 with no nasal cavity structural abnormalities but group B2 on the contrary. Group C accompanied only nasal cavity structural abnormalities. According to the documents, all patients were administered with standard and systematical three-stage treatment. The curative effect of each group was calculated and analyzed in each treated stage. RESULT: After the first stage treated in 220 pediatric chronic sinusitis, a statistical significance of curative effect could be observed between group A and B, A and B1, A and B2, A and C (P < 0.01), but none between group B and C, B1 and B2, B1 and C, B2 and C (P > 0.01). Ninety-four patients in group B were accepted the second stage treated: adenoidectomy after first treatment failed. There was a statistical significance of curative effect between group B1 and B2 (P < 0.01). Once the above management both failed, endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was carried out. The total effective rate of FESS was 89.65%. CONCLUSION The systemic, disciplinary medical management has some referred value in the treatment for children with chronic sinusitis. Adenoid hypertrophy and nasal cavity structural abnormalities are two relative factors of the curative effect in pediatric chronic sinusitis. The time and cost of therapy can be saved if adenoidectomy and FESS are done for cases with adenoid hypertrophy or (and) nasal cavity structural abnormalities with the systemic, disciplinary medical management simultaneously.
Adenoidectomy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Care Planning ; Sinusitis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome