Colorectal cancer is a common and malignant tumor in the digestive tract. Invasion and metastasis of cancer cells are key factors leading to the high mortality rate and postoperative recurrence of colorectal cancer. Chemotherapy is the main treatment method for preventing recurrence of this disease. However， there are many toxic side effects in clinical application， which seriously hinder the treatment process. Therefore， it is imperative to search for efficient and low-toxicity drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of treating colorectal cancer and offers advantages such as safety， effectiveness， multiple targets， multiple pathways and minimal toxic side effects， which have made it increasingly popular worldwide. According to TCM， the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is rooted in both deficiency and excess. TCM formulas mainly focus on tonifying the body to address the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer， such as Jianpi compound， Jianpi Xiaoai decoction， and Bushen Jiedu Sanjie decoction. TCM monomers， such as emodin， berberine， and tanshinone， mainly focus on clearing heat and removing toxin， circulating blood and transforming stasis， and resolving swelling and dispersing nodules. Signaling pathways play a crucial role for analyzing invasion and metastasis， and research has shown that pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin， phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase （PI3K/Akt）， Janus kinase 2/signal transduction and transcription activating factor 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， nuclear factors-κB （NF-κB）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer can be inhibited via regulating the key proteins and related factors in these pathways. In this review， we searched various literature databases， such as PubMed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， and VIP， using keywords such as "colorectal cancer"， "signaling pathway"， "invasion and metastasis"， and "traditional Chinese medicine"， to summarize and analyze the relevant pathways of TCM compounds and monomers against invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer published in the past five years. The review aims to provide new insights and references for in-depth research on the therapy for invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer and new drug development.

Performing multiple tests without adjusting the test level results in a higher-than-intended overall familywise error rate(FWER).This phenomenon is known as the multiplicity problem.In this paper,we first introduced the mechanism of multiplicity problem based on the classification and characterization of clinical endpoints.Then,strategies and methods to solve the multiplicity problem were introduced,including the parallel strategy/single-step method,the sequential strategy/multistep method/stepwise method,and their combinations.The results of different analytic strategies may vary.The practical application of the above common strategies and statistical methods were introduced through the case studies of domestic and foreign investigator initiated clinical trial.Multiplicity adjustment for multiple endpoints in clinical trials can be achieved by a single strategy or a combination of strategies.Depending on the selected strategy or combination,the statistical methods and significance level(denoted as α)for each test hypothesis are determined to effectively control the multiplicity problem.

Performing multiple tests without adjusting the test level results in a higher-than-intended overall familywise error rate(FWER).This phenomenon is known as the multiplicity problem.In this paper,we first introduced the mechanism of multiplicity problem based on the classification and characterization of clinical endpoints.Then,strategies and methods to solve the multiplicity problem were introduced,including the parallel strategy/single-step method,the sequential strategy/multistep method/stepwise method,and their combinations.The results of different analytic strategies may vary.The practical application of the above common strategies and statistical methods were introduced through the case studies of domestic and foreign investigator initiated clinical trial.Multiplicity adjustment for multiple endpoints in clinical trials can be achieved by a single strategy or a combination of strategies.Depending on the selected strategy or combination,the statistical methods and significance level(denoted as α)for each test hypothesis are determined to effectively control the multiplicity problem.

Hemostatic materials are essential for the treatment of trauma patients with massive blood loss in battlefields and disaster environments. According to the site and severity of trauma, different types of hemostatic materials need to be used to stop bleeding urgently. At present, first-aid hemostatic materials for bleeding on body surface wounds, extremities and junctions have been well applied. However, in the case of deep bleeding wounds in the thoracic and abdominal cavity and internal organs and even non-compressible hemostasis, there are still no ideal hemostatic materials in early emergency treatment. In this review, the authors elaborate the classification and mechanism of hemostatic materials and their application in trauma first aid, so as to provide references for the use of hemostatic materials in first aid.

Objective? To compare the effect of European Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) and Patient General Subjective Score (PG-SGA) in perioperative patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to provide evidence for clinical nutritional screening in perioperative patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods? Using convenience sampling method, 82 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from October 2015 to December 2017 during perioperative period were selected as the study subjects. NRS 2002 and PG-SGA were used to longitudinally evaluate their nutritional status at admission, 1 day before operation, 2 days after operation, 1 week after operation and at discharge, respectively. The differences of nutritional status between the two assessment tools during perioperative period were compared. Results? The trend of malnutrition risk in NRS 2002 was similar to that in PG-SAG dynamic assessment from admission to discharge, all of which were in the form of "V". The positive rate of malnutrition in PG-SAG assessment was higher than that in NRS 2002, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.01). Conclusions? NRS 2002 and PG-SGA are both suitable for nutritional risk screening of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, but the positive rate of PG-SGA is higher, which can effectively screen and evaluate the nutritional status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, and is conducive to timely providing nutritional intervention and treatment for patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Mailuoning injection combined with benazepril in the treat-ment of chronic glomerulonephritis. METHODS:130 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were randomly divided into observa-tion group and control group,with 65 cases in each group. Both groups received rountine treatment as low salt and fat diet. Control group was additionally given Benazepril tablet 10 mg,qd;observation group was additionally given Mailuoning injection 20 ml added into 5% Sodium chloride injection 250 ml,ivgtt,qd,on the basis of control group,20 days of drug withdrawal every 10 days. Both group received 4 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy of 2 groups were observed as well as the levels of BUN,UCr, SCr and 24 h urine protein quantitative (UPE) before and after the treatment. The incidence of ADR was compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total effective rate of observation group was 83.1%,which was significantly higher than 67.7% of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in BUN,UCr,SCr and 24 h UPE between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05);those indexes of 2 groups decreased significantly after treatment,and the observation group were lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Mailuoning injection combined with benazepril is effective for chronic glo-merulonephritis,and can effectively improve renal function with good safety.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the clinical features of hepatoblastoma and serum alpha-fetoprotein level.Methods We did a retrospective study in 74 cases into the relationship of clinical stages,treatment,prognosis,and AFP value in hepatoblastoma.Results In Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients,the average AFP was (36 333 ± 13 782) ng/ml and in Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the average AFP was (78 346 ± 27 956) ng/ml,P ＜ 0.05.68 patients received preoperative chemotherapy with alpha-fetoprotein determinations before and after chemotherapy respectively.In 44 cases AFP decreased ＞ 50％ after chemotherapy,and in 20 cases AFP declined ＞90％,while in 13 cases AFP increased after chemotherapy.15 cases had serum AFP measured on the first postoperative day,among them 10 cases had a ＞ 50％ AFP decline,3 cases had a ＜ 50％ AFP decline,while in 2 cases AFP value increased.52 cases were postoperatively followed-up,with overall 3 year-survival rate of 86.5％ ; 7 cases recurred,4 died.The average preop AFP level in 7 recurred cases was (27 060 ± 3 569) ng/ml,while the average preop AFP level in those of 3-year recurrence-free was (29 865 ± 5 867) ng/ml,P ＞ 0.05.Only 57％ tumor recurred cases had back to normal AFP level within one month postop,while 89％ long term survivals reported normal range of AFP during that period,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions Serum AFP level in patients with hepatoblastoma is related to the course of disease.It can be used to estimate the effect of clinical chemotherapy.The speed of alpha-fetoprotein decline postop can be used as an indicator of prognosis.The postoperative normal AFP level within 4 weeks predicts a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of CCR3 on Muc5ac in the airway of asthmatic mice.Methods: Fifty clean BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,asthmatic group,dexamethasone treatment group,SB328437 treatment group, vehicle-control group.Total cells and differential inflammatory cells were counted in BALF, the levels of IL-4 and TNF-αwere determined by ELISA,lung tissue HE staining the expressions of Mucin5ac(Muc5ac) and CCR3 in lung tissue were detected by immu-neohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.Results:The total cells,eosinophil,monocytes and lymphocyte cells in BALF,the levels of IL-4,TNF-αin BALF ,the goblet cell of airway wall,the expression of Muc5ac and CCR3 positive staining IOD in the airway and the expression of Muc5ac and CCR3 mRNA lung tissue obviously decreased in SB328437 treatment group and DEX treatment group which compared with asthmatic mice model group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: SB328437 can inhibit the expression of CCR3 in pulmonary tissue,furtherly inhibit the expression and secretion of Muc5ac and control the airway inflammation.

OBJECTIVES: The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) is a commonly used self-reporting tinnitus questionnaire. We undertook this study to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese-Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-CM) for measuring tinnitus-related handicaps. METHODS: We tested the test-retest reliability, internal reliability, and construct validity of the THI-CM. Two-hundred patients seeking treatment for primary or secondary tinnitus in Southwest China were asked to complete THI-CM prior to clinical evaluation. Patients were evaluated by a clinician using standard methods, and 40 patients were asked to complete THI-CM a second time 14+/-3 days after the initial interview. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of THI-CM was high (Pearson correlation, 0.98), as was the internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.93). Factor analysis indicated that THI-CM has a unifactorial structure. CONCLUSION: The THI-CM version is reliable. The total score in THI-CM can be used to measure tinnitus-related handicaps in Mandarin-speaking populations.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tinnitus ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on survival time in children solid tumors with chemotherapy. Methods 76 children with solid tumors, which were collected from January 2005 to March 2006, were randomly divided into treatment group (35 cases), control group (41 cases). The treatment group was treated with chemotherapy + self-dispensing Fuzheng Jianpi Chinese medicine. The control group was treated with chemotherapy alone. Results The survival rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0024). The average survival time after chemotherapy in the treatment group was (31± 2) months (95 % CI 27-34 months), the control group was (21±2) months (95 % CI 16-25 months), which was shorter than the treatment group.Conclusion Chinese medicine and chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of children with solid tumors.