Objective:To investigate the effect of emotional cues on prospective memory (PM) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients.Methods:From December 2014 to November 2019, 157 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 119 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender and intelligence participated in the study. A laboratory event-based PM paradigm was used to assess the PM function. The PM Accuracy (PM acc) of prospective memory pictures with different emotional cues in the two groups was investigated by a mixed design of 2 (group: OCD group, HC group)×3 (emotional cue attributes: positive, neutral, and negative). Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between PM acc and clinical variables in patients with OCD.Results:Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of emotional cues was not significant ( F=0.377, P>0.05), the difference between the two groups was significant ( F=8.863, P<0.01, η 2=0.030), and the PM acc of the OCD group was lower than HC. The interaction was significant ( F=3.261, P<0.05, η 2=0.012). Further simple effect analysis showed that in the HC group, PM acc with positive emotional cues and negative emotional cues were significantly greater than PM acc with neutral emotional cues (Cohen′s d values are 2.29 and 2.94). There was no significant difference between PM acc with positive emotional cues and PM acc with negative emotional cues. In the OCD group, PM acc with negative emotional cues was significantly greater than PM acc with positive and neutral emotional cues (Cohen′s d values are 1.57 and 1.14). There was no significant difference between PM acc with positive emotional cues and PM acc with neutral emotional cues. Correlation analysis showed that PM acc with positive and negative emotional cues of OCD patients were significantly positively correlated with state anxiety level ( r>0.200, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between PM acc with neutral emotional cues and anxiety level. Conclusion:OCD patients had impaired prospective memory, mainly manifested as impaired prospective memory emotional enhancement effect, only negative emotion enhancement effect showed. In contrast, positive emotion has no enhancement effect on the prospective memory of OCD patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of emotional cues on prospective memory (PM) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients.Methods:From December 2014 to November 2019, 157 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 119 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender and intelligence participated in the study. A laboratory event-based PM paradigm was used to assess the PM function. The PM Accuracy (PM acc) of prospective memory pictures with different emotional cues in the two groups was investigated by a mixed design of 2 (group: OCD group, HC group)×3 (emotional cue attributes: positive, neutral, and negative). Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between PM acc and clinical variables in patients with OCD.Results:Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of emotional cues was not significant ( F=0.377, P>0.05), the difference between the two groups was significant ( F=8.863, P<0.01, η 2=0.030), and the PM acc of the OCD group was lower than HC. The interaction was significant ( F=3.261, P<0.05, η 2=0.012). Further simple effect analysis showed that in the HC group, PM acc with positive emotional cues and negative emotional cues were significantly greater than PM acc with neutral emotional cues (Cohen′s d values are 2.29 and 2.94). There was no significant difference between PM acc with positive emotional cues and PM acc with negative emotional cues. In the OCD group, PM acc with negative emotional cues was significantly greater than PM acc with positive and neutral emotional cues (Cohen′s d values are 1.57 and 1.14). There was no significant difference between PM acc with positive emotional cues and PM acc with neutral emotional cues. Correlation analysis showed that PM acc with positive and negative emotional cues of OCD patients were significantly positively correlated with state anxiety level ( r>0.200, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between PM acc with neutral emotional cues and anxiety level. Conclusion:OCD patients had impaired prospective memory, mainly manifested as impaired prospective memory emotional enhancement effect, only negative emotion enhancement effect showed. In contrast, positive emotion has no enhancement effect on the prospective memory of OCD patients.

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there is impaired inhibition function and the brain imaging characteristics of inhibition dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A total of 16 drug-naive OCD patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) completed the Go-Nogo task to detect the impairment of inhibition function, and the task-related brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. The differences of average reaction time and correct response rate between OCD patients and HC under Go and Nogo conditions were compared, and the differences of brain activation between the two groups in the process of successful response inhibition and error monitoring were also compared.Results:Under Nogo condition, the average correct rate in patients with OCD was significantly lower than that of HC (0.85±0.08 vs.0.93±0.51; t=-3.06, P<0.05). In error processing analysis, patients with OCD showed significantly enhanced brain activities in bilateral inferiortemporal (left: t=3.11; right: t=2.71), right middlefronta ( t=2.52), right parahippocampa ( t=2.53), and left posteriorcingulate ( t=3.03), while decreased brain activities were found in bilateral putamen (left: t=-3.03; right: t=-3.12), right inferiorfrontal ( t=-3.29), right superiorfrontal ( t=-3.12), and right precentral ( t=-2.91) compared with control group ( P<0.05, FWE corrected, cluster size>10 voxels). Conclusion:Patients with OCD have impaired inhibition function, and their abnormal brain function is mainly manifested in the process of error monitoring.

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there is impaired inhibition function and the brain imaging characteristics of inhibition dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A total of 16 drug-naive OCD patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) completed the Go-Nogo task to detect the impairment of inhibition function, and the task-related brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. The differences of average reaction time and correct response rate between OCD patients and HC under Go and Nogo conditions were compared, and the differences of brain activation between the two groups in the process of successful response inhibition and error monitoring were also compared.Results:Under Nogo condition, the average correct rate in patients with OCD was significantly lower than that of HC (0.85±0.08 vs.0.93±0.51; t=-3.06, P<0.05). In error processing analysis, patients with OCD showed significantly enhanced brain activities in bilateral inferiortemporal (left: t=3.11; right: t=2.71), right middlefronta ( t=2.52), right parahippocampa ( t=2.53), and left posteriorcingulate ( t=3.03), while decreased brain activities were found in bilateral putamen (left: t=-3.03; right: t=-3.12), right inferiorfrontal ( t=-3.29), right superiorfrontal ( t=-3.12), and right precentral ( t=-2.91) compared with control group ( P<0.05, FWE corrected, cluster size>10 voxels). Conclusion:Patients with OCD have impaired inhibition function, and their abnormal brain function is mainly manifested in the process of error monitoring.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of individualized cognitive behavioral therapy for unprotected sex and sexual attitude of middle school students having unprotected sex.Methods:A target sample of 68 adolescents having unprotected sex was recruited from 4 secondary schools in Changsha,Hunan [the unprotected sex (US) score of Health-Risk Behavior Inventory for Chinese Adolescents (HBICA) ≥ 1].Subjects were randomized assigned to cognitive behavioral therapy group (CBT group) and control group.Each group had 34 subjects.The CBT group was giving one-on-one counseling for 6 weeks (50 to 60 minutes weekly).The control group didn't receive intervention by counselors.The US and Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale (ATSS) were selected as criterion measurements.Outcome assessments were made at baseline and at 1-and 3-month follow-up.Results:The reduction rate of US scores showed that the response rate of therapy was over 80％.Mixed linear model analysis showed that there were significant group effect,time effect and group × time effect in scores of US and ATSS (Ps ＜ 0.05).Simple effect analysis indicated that the scores of US and ATSS of CBT group were significant lower than those of baseline from 1-month follow-up [(2.2 ± 2.9) vs.(4.7 ± 3.1),(3.2 ± 1.6) vs.(4.7 ± 3.1);(38.2 ± 4.9) vs.(40.9 ±5.1),(37.2 ±5.4) vs.(40.9 ±5.1),Ps ＜0.01],whereas the scores of those in the control group did not show any significant difference (Ps ＞0.05).At l-month and 3 month follow-up,moderate effect sizes were found for the CBT and control groups on all the outcome measures (Cohen's d =0.50-0.70).Conclusion:The individualized cognitive behavioral therapy could effectively reduce the level of unprotected sex and sexual attitude of adolescents having unprotected sex.

Objective To investigate the effects of maternal deprivation on chronic stress?induced depression behavior and its characteristics in adult rats,and to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on the efficacy of escitalopram. Methods Newborn SD male rats were randomly divided into control ( C ) group,maternal deprivation (MD) group,chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS) group,maternal deprivation and chronic unpredictable stress ( MD+CUPS) group. Rats in control group received no experimental han?dling.Rats in MD group and MD+CUPS group received maternal deprivation from the lst day after birth for 14 days.Rats in CUPS group and MD+CUPS group received chronic unpredictable stress from 10 th weeks after birth for 28 days. Screened the rats with depression behaviors and treated them with escitalopram for 4 weeks. Results The incidence of anhedonia was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=143.24, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed significant difference between any two groups (MD+CUPS group (75.76%) >CUPS group (40.98%) > MD group (17.11%) >C group (4.17%), P<0.0083). The incidence of behav?ioral despair was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=70.34, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed the incidence of behavioral despair in MD+CUPS group (43.43%) and CUPS group (39.34%) were signifi?cantly higher than that in MD group (13.51%) and C group (3.33%),but no difference was observed be?tween MD+CUPS and CUPS group (P<0.0083) . The incidence of behavioral despair in MD group was signif?icant higher than that in C group. There was no significant efficacy of escitalopram on anhedonia and behav?ioral despair among 3 stressed models. However the recovery incidence from anhedonia (44/140) was significantly lower than that from behavioral despair (76/140) (χ2=14.93, P<0.05). Conclusion The maternal deprivation in?creases the stress sensitivity and the incidences of anhedonia in adult rats.The efficacy of escitalopram on behavioral despair is higher than that on anhedonia without influence from maternal deprivation.

Objective To study the difference of attentional bias towards general negative words between non-mediated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and healthy controls.Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected from 26 non-mediated OCD patients and 24 normal controls while they performed an emotional Stroop task.Results Compared to healthy controls,OCD patients showed significantly longer reaction time (OCD:(467 ± 14.88) ms,Controls:(409.65 ± 15.49) ms,P＜ 0.01),and had significantly larger P2 and P3 amplitude to all three types of words (P2 amplitude:OCD:(10.41±0.49) μV,Controls:(8.89±0.48) μV,P＜0.05;P3 amplitude:(10.04±0.68) μV,Controls:(7.68±0.67) μV,P＜0.05).In addition,the P2 peak latency of the frontal area in OCD patients was significantly longer than that in healthy controls(OCD:(190.09±4.71) ms,Controls:(179.60±4.72) ms,P＜0.05).Conclusion Current findings suggest that OCD patients are characterized by a general attentional inhibition deficit but not an attentional bias to the negative words.

Objective To study the effect of dual stress on the behaviors and the expression of hippocampal let-7a and serotonin receptor 4(HTR4) in rats.Methods Newborn SD rats were randomly divided into dual stress group (DS,n=6) and control group (C,n=6).The DS rats were deprived of the mother care 6 hours per day from postnatal day 1 to 14 and then were exposed to chronic mild stress for 21 days from 10 weeks old,while the rats from C group received no experimental handle but husbandry care.Open field test,forced swimmiug test and sucrose consumption test were conducted to evaluate rats' depression-like behaviors at the age of thirteen weeks.The let-7a level in hippocampus was detected by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and the HTR4 protein level was measured by Western Blotting.Results In the open filed test,the rearing times of DS rats was shorter than that of C group((7.50±2.35) vs (19.00±5.73),P＜0.05).In the forced swimming test,the floating time of DS rats was longer than that of C group ((110.17 ± 1.72)s vs (70.33± 1.16)s,P＜ 0.05).In the sucrose c onsumption test,DS rats consumed less sucrose than rats from C group did((0.80±0.73) vs (0.52±0.26),P＜ 0.05).The protein level of hippocampal HTR-4 in DS group was lower than that of C group((1.44±0.38) vs (0.46±0.29),P＜0.01).The let-7a level in DS group was higher than that of C group((0.04±0.01) vs (1.58±0.27),P＜0.01).The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the sucrose preference rate of rats were negatively and positively correlated with hippocampal let-7a and HTR4 level respectively(r=-0.653,P＜0.05; r=0.774,P＜0.01),and hippocampal let-7a level showed negative association with HTR4 protein level (r=-0.803,P＜0.01).Conclusion Dual stress can induce the depressive behaviors of rats and affect the expression of let-7a and HTR4 in hippocampus.Hippocampal HTR4 and let-7a might be involved in determining individual ability to experience pleasure in rats;and hippocampal let-7a may be involved in the regulation of HTR4 gene expression in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric features of the body image after breast cancer questionnaire-Chinese version (BIBCQ-C) in Chinese women with breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 545 women with breast cancer received a demographics investigation: BIBCQ-C and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Four weeks later, 31 patients were selected randomly to finish BIBCQ-C again. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.90, and that for the 6 factors ranged from 0.62 to 0.87. The mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the total scale was 0.16, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the subscales ranged from 0.21 to 0.57, and the test-retest reliability of the total scale and 6 factors was over 0.60. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the 6-factor model, and BIBCQ-C were significantly correlated with the symptom scales of anxiety and depression (r=0.20, 0.21, P<0.01). CONCLUSION BIBCQ-C is reliable and valid, which can effectively assess body image of Chinese women with breast cancer.
Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Image ; Breast Neoplasms ; psychology ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective The association of MAOA-VNTR monoamine oxidase A variable number of tandem repeats genotype and child abuse on aggressive behavior among Chinese Han adolescents were examined.Methods A group of 513 (M:367,F:146) 13-18 years old Chinese adolescents were selected randomly,and the effects of child maltreatment [measured using the child trauma questionnaire (CTQ)]and aggressive behavior during adolescents' period [assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist for Youth SelfReport (YSR)] were examined respectively.DNA were collected and MAOA-VNTR genotype were assessed via venous blood sample.Both the main effects of MAOA genotype,children's maltreatment experience and the interaction between them were analyzed by a linear regression analysis.Results In all,513 middle school students (367 boys,146 girls) were analyzed in the study.The mean aggression scores were (10.13 ±6.67)and (9.18 ± 6.36) for boys and girls.The low and high activity of MAOA-VNTR genotype accounts for 58.3％ and 41.7％ for boys,and 39.4％ and 22.5％ for girls respectively.The GLM model showed that there were no direct association between the MAOA genotypes with aggression scores,while a significant association between children's maltreatment experience with aggressive behavior in adolescents' period were found for both boys and girls (P ＜ 0.01).Some significant interactions between MAOA genotype with subtypes of maltreatment were uncovered (boys:P =0.02,P ＜0.01 and P =0.04 for MAOA with physical abuse,emotional abuse and sexual abuse; girls:P =0.03 and P =0.04 for MAOA with sexual and emotional abuse).For adolescents with the low activity of MAOA-VNTR were more prone to commit aggressive behavior when suffered children's abuse for both gender.Conclusions Aggressive behaviors among Chinese adolescents may be affected by a gene-enviornment interaction involving MAOA-VNTR and children's abuse experience which may be differentially sensitive to the subtype of childhood maltreatment and gender.