Objective: To investigate the association between the physical fitness index (PFI) and symptoms of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms among college students, providing a reference for mental health interventions. Methods: From June to September 2025, combined convenience and cluster random sampling approach was used to administer questionnaire surveys and perform physical fitness tests on 2 712 college students from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 Items (DASS-21) was used to assess mental health status. Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the associations between the PFI and the PFI component indicators with depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. Results: The prevalence of depressive, anxiety and stress among college students were 24.26%, 33.22% and 13.68%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of these symptoms were detected across groups differing in sleep quality, physical activity, weekly breakfast frequency, and history of low back or neck pain ( χ 2=9.33-151.83, all P <0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, Logistic regression revealed that the moderate and high PFI groups had significantly reduced risks of depressive and anxiety compared to the low PFI group ( OR =0.73, 0.63; 0.61, 0.72, all P <0.05). Poor speed (50 m run) and lower body strength (standing long jump) emerged as common risk factors affecting anxiety and depressive symptoms in both male and female college students (all P <0.05). Increased muscle strength (sit up for 1 min) in female students reduced the risk of depressive ( OR =0.81), anxiety ( OR =0.85), and stress symptoms ( OR =0.79) (all P <0.05). Enhanced lung capacity in male students decreased the risk of depressive ( OR =0.84) and anxiety symptoms ( OR =0.85) (both P <0.05). Conclusions The PFI is negatively correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among college students with notable gender differences. Insufficient speed and lower body explosive power represent common risk factors for mental health among male and female college students.

ObjectiveTo clarify the protective effect of Danlou tablet， a representative traditional Chinese medicine of the stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis co-treatment method， on vascular endothelial function in patients with atherosclerosis （AS）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. From September 2023 to November 2023， a total of 72 patients who were diagnosed at Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis （CAS） combined with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease （CHD） and stable angina pectoris （SAP） were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into a control group （receiving conventional Western medicine treatment） and an observation group （receiving Danlou tablet combined with conventional Western medicine treatment）， with 36 cases in each group. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. The frequency of angina pectoris attacks was recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Danlou tablet. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients， and the expression levels of serum endothelial injury markers before and after treatment were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The nitrate reductase method was employed to evaluate the protective effect of Danlou tablet on vascular function. The expression levels of serum inflammatory factors and lipoproteins were determined by ELISA and an automatic biochemical analyzer （dynamic timed scatter turbidimetry and enzymatic method） to assess the anti-inflammatory and lipid-regulating effects of Danlou tablet. ResultsIn terms of angina pectoris attacks， compared with that in the control group， the frequency of attacks in the observation group was reduced （P<0.05）. In terms of endothelial injury markers， compared with the levels before treatment within the same group， the levels of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）， and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1） in the peripheral blood of the observation group were decreased （P<0.05）， while the levels of nitric oxide （NO） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the differences in ET-1， NO， ICAM-1， and VCAM-1 were significant （P<0.05）. In terms of serum inflammatory factors， after treatment， the interleukin-6 （IL-6） level in the observation group was decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the IL-6 level in the observation group was decreased significantly （P<0.01）. In terms of serum lipoproteins， after treatment， the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in the observation group was decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）. In terms of safety evaluation， no serious adverse events occurred in either group during the intervention period. ConclusionDanlou tablet applied to patients with CAS combined with CHD can improve endothelial function， reduce inflammatory indicators， alleviate symptoms， improve the quality of life of patients， and demonstrate good safety.

ObjectiveTo clarify the protective effect of Danlou tablet， a representative traditional Chinese medicine of the stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis co-treatment method， on vascular endothelial function in patients with atherosclerosis （AS）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. From September 2023 to November 2023， a total of 72 patients who were diagnosed at Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis （CAS） combined with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease （CHD） and stable angina pectoris （SAP） were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into a control group （receiving conventional Western medicine treatment） and an observation group （receiving Danlou tablet combined with conventional Western medicine treatment）， with 36 cases in each group. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. The frequency of angina pectoris attacks was recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Danlou tablet. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients， and the expression levels of serum endothelial injury markers before and after treatment were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The nitrate reductase method was employed to evaluate the protective effect of Danlou tablet on vascular function. The expression levels of serum inflammatory factors and lipoproteins were determined by ELISA and an automatic biochemical analyzer （dynamic timed scatter turbidimetry and enzymatic method） to assess the anti-inflammatory and lipid-regulating effects of Danlou tablet. ResultsIn terms of angina pectoris attacks， compared with that in the control group， the frequency of attacks in the observation group was reduced （P<0.05）. In terms of endothelial injury markers， compared with the levels before treatment within the same group， the levels of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）， and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1） in the peripheral blood of the observation group were decreased （P<0.05）， while the levels of nitric oxide （NO） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the differences in ET-1， NO， ICAM-1， and VCAM-1 were significant （P<0.05）. In terms of serum inflammatory factors， after treatment， the interleukin-6 （IL-6） level in the observation group was decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the IL-6 level in the observation group was decreased significantly （P<0.01）. In terms of serum lipoproteins， after treatment， the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in the observation group was decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）. In terms of safety evaluation， no serious adverse events occurred in either group during the intervention period. ConclusionDanlou tablet applied to patients with CAS combined with CHD can improve endothelial function， reduce inflammatory indicators， alleviate symptoms， improve the quality of life of patients， and demonstrate good safety.

Neutralizing antibodies have been designed to specifically target and bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus from attaching to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This study reports a distinctive nanobody, designated as VHH21, that directly catalyzes the S-trimer into an irreversible transition state through postfusion conformational changes. Derived from camels immunized with multiple antigens, a set of nanobodies with high affinity for the S1 protein displays abilities to neutralize pseudovirion infections with a broad resistance to variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, including SARS-CoV and BatRaTG13. Importantly, a super-resolution screening and analysis platform based on visual fluorescence probes was designed and applied to monitor single proteins and protein subunits. A spontaneously occurring dimeric form of VHH21 was obtained to rapidly destroy the S-trimer. Structural analysis via cryogenic electron microscopy revealed that VHH21 targets specific conserved epitopes on the S protein, distinct from the ACE2 binding site on the RBD, which destabilizes the fusion process. This research highlights the potential of VHH21 as an abzyme-like nanobody (nanoabzyme) possessing broad-spectrum binding capabilities and highly effective anti-viral properties and offers a promising strategy for combating coronavirus outbreaks.
Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology* ; Animals ; Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology* ; Camelus ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology* ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Objective To investigate the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in thymic T follicular helper cells (TFH) and its significance in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Fifteen MG patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Myasthenia Gravis Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as a MG group, including 7 males and 8 females, aged 12-30 years. Twelve patients who underwent partial thymectomy to optimize surgical field exposure during cardiac surgery at Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as a control group, including 5 males and 7 females aged 20-35 years. Thymus single cell suspension was obtained by grinding the thymus tissue, and flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of α7nAChR in TFH cells. The thymus cell suspension was purified using density gradient centrifugation, followed by immunomagnetic bead separation to obtain CD4+T cells. CXCR5 antibody and coupled magnetic beads were added to isolate TFH cells. Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to further investigate the expression of α7nAChR in TFH cells. Results Compared with the control group, the proportion of thymic TFH cells in the MG group was significantly increased (P<0.05), along with significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of α7nAChR within these cells (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings suggest that there is a reduced expression of α7nAChR within thymic TFH cells in MG patients, leading to weakened immunosuppressive function which may indirectly contribute to disease onset and progression.

Objective:To explore the activation characteristics and synergistic mode of lumbar and abdominal core muscle group during abdominal breathing training.Method:Thirty-two healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 16 cases in each group.The control group received stan-pile training,while the experimental group received abdominal breathing and stan-pile training 5 times a week for 8 weeks.The sur-face electromyography of the lumbar and abdominal core muscles was collected before and after the interven-tion.Non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)was used to extract extract muscle synergy patterns from the EMG data.Result:In terms of cooperative elements,the number of cooperative elements increased after intervention in both groups compared with baseline,but there was no significant difference in the number of cooperative ele-ments between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference in the num-ber of cooperative elements after intervention(P<0.05).In terms of cooperative patterns,the cooperative pat-terns before intervention in the two groups were similar.After intervention,the cooperative patterns in the two groups were different,the control group showed coactivation of the right transversus abdominis,left internal oblique,right erector spinae,and bilateral multifidus throughout the breathing cycle.In contrast,the experimen-tal group exhibited pronounced activation of bilateral erector spinae and multifidus during inhalation,and bilater-al transversus abdominis,left external oblique,and left erector spinae during exhalation.The activation curves before intervention in the two groups were similar,and the activation curves after intervention in the two groups trended towards slowing down,with the time feature of the activation curve in the experimental group being more obvious.Conclusion:Abdominal breathing training can increase the number of cooperative tuples of the waist and abdo-men muscles,and the muscles perform efficient division of labor after training to form an adaptive coopera-tive mode.

Objective:To explore the activation characteristics and synergistic mode of lumbar and abdominal core muscle group during abdominal breathing training.Method:Thirty-two healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 16 cases in each group.The control group received stan-pile training,while the experimental group received abdominal breathing and stan-pile training 5 times a week for 8 weeks.The sur-face electromyography of the lumbar and abdominal core muscles was collected before and after the interven-tion.Non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)was used to extract extract muscle synergy patterns from the EMG data.Result:In terms of cooperative elements,the number of cooperative elements increased after intervention in both groups compared with baseline,but there was no significant difference in the number of cooperative ele-ments between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference in the num-ber of cooperative elements after intervention(P<0.05).In terms of cooperative patterns,the cooperative pat-terns before intervention in the two groups were similar.After intervention,the cooperative patterns in the two groups were different,the control group showed coactivation of the right transversus abdominis,left internal oblique,right erector spinae,and bilateral multifidus throughout the breathing cycle.In contrast,the experimen-tal group exhibited pronounced activation of bilateral erector spinae and multifidus during inhalation,and bilater-al transversus abdominis,left external oblique,and left erector spinae during exhalation.The activation curves before intervention in the two groups were similar,and the activation curves after intervention in the two groups trended towards slowing down,with the time feature of the activation curve in the experimental group being more obvious.Conclusion:Abdominal breathing training can increase the number of cooperative tuples of the waist and abdo-men muscles,and the muscles perform efficient division of labor after training to form an adaptive coopera-tive mode.

[Purpose]To analyze the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening for upper gastroin-testinal cancer in Yangcheng County of Shanxi Province.[Methods]People aged from 40 to 69 who participated in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in Yangcheng County in 2018 were se-lected as the study subjects to participate in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in 2018,and endoscopic examination with iodine staining and indicative biopsy were performed for screening.The detection rates of precancerous lesions and upper gastrointestinal malignancies,and early di-agnosis rates were calculated,and compared among different groups.The data of screening cost were collected;and the per capita screening cost,the average cost of early case detection and ear-ly detection cost index(EDCI)were calculated.[Results]Among 2 950 subjects undergoing en-doscopy,pathological biopsy was completed in 2 073 cases(70.27％),374 cases of precancerous le-sions(12.68％)and 52 cases of malignancies(1.76％)were detected,among which 17 cases were up-per gastrointestinal cancer with a detection rate of 0.58％,there were 44 early cases with an early diagnosis rate of 84.62％.The detection rate of precancerous lesions and positive cases in men was higher than that of women,but the early diagnosis rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer was lower than that of women;the detection rate of positive cases and digestive tract cancer of 50 years and above were higher than those of people aged 40 to 49.The cost of screening for one positive lesion was 25 528.85 CNY,the cost of screening for one early case was 30 170.46 CNY.The EDCI was 0.52,indicating a good cost-effective value.[Conclusion]The study shows that the early diagnosis and early treatment screening program of upper gastrointestinal cancer has achieved remarkable re-sults in Yangcheng County.The follow-up screening work should focus on men and people over 50 years old,and strengthen the publicity of upper gastrointestinal screening for cancer.

[Purpose]To analyze the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening for upper gastroin-testinal cancer in Yangcheng County of Shanxi Province.[Methods]People aged from 40 to 69 who participated in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in Yangcheng County in 2018 were se-lected as the study subjects to participate in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in 2018,and endoscopic examination with iodine staining and indicative biopsy were performed for screening.The detection rates of precancerous lesions and upper gastrointestinal malignancies,and early di-agnosis rates were calculated,and compared among different groups.The data of screening cost were collected;and the per capita screening cost,the average cost of early case detection and ear-ly detection cost index(EDCI)were calculated.[Results]Among 2 950 subjects undergoing en-doscopy,pathological biopsy was completed in 2 073 cases(70.27％),374 cases of precancerous le-sions(12.68％)and 52 cases of malignancies(1.76％)were detected,among which 17 cases were up-per gastrointestinal cancer with a detection rate of 0.58％,there were 44 early cases with an early diagnosis rate of 84.62％.The detection rate of precancerous lesions and positive cases in men was higher than that of women,but the early diagnosis rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer was lower than that of women;the detection rate of positive cases and digestive tract cancer of 50 years and above were higher than those of people aged 40 to 49.The cost of screening for one positive lesion was 25 528.85 CNY,the cost of screening for one early case was 30 170.46 CNY.The EDCI was 0.52,indicating a good cost-effective value.[Conclusion]The study shows that the early diagnosis and early treatment screening program of upper gastrointestinal cancer has achieved remarkable re-sults in Yangcheng County.The follow-up screening work should focus on men and people over 50 years old,and strengthen the publicity of upper gastrointestinal screening for cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of qigong abdominal breathing training on human brain function.Methods Seventy-two university students were recruited and randomly divided into the control and treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio. Both the control and treatment groups underwent the same standing pile work operation. However,only the treatment group received additional abdominal breathing training. The intervention process comprised two phases:2 weeks of intensive training and 6 weeks of counseling training. Electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram (EEG) tests were performed before (baseline period) and after training respectively. Sample entropy algorithm and empirical mode decomposition were used to analyze the EEG signals. The sample entropy complexity index and the correlation between EEG changes and respiratory curves were calculated to explore the brain function regulation effect. Results The complexity of different brain regions in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group after training. A large difference was observed when comparing the brain complexity in the temporoparietal junction,posterior temporal,parietal,parietal-occipital junction,and occipital regions. The brain complexity in the posterior temporal region of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group after the intervention,with a significant difference (P<0.05). In the control group,the brain complexity in the frontal pole,anterior temporal,frontal reion,frontal-temporal junction,frontal-central junction,middle temporal,central,and temporal-parietal junction regions decreased to different degrees. However,the comparison between before and after was not significant. Furthermore,brain complexity in the central-parietal junction,posterior temporal,parietal,parietal-occipital junction,and occipital regions increased to different degrees in the control group;however,the difference was not significant. The brain complexity of the treatment group in the frontotemporal junction,middle temporal,and temporoparietal junction areas decreased slightly;however,the before-and-after comparison was not significant. The brain complexity of the treatment group in the frontal pole,frontotemporal,frontal,frontal-central junction,central,central-parietal junction,posterior-temporal,parietal,parietal-occipital junction,and occipital areas increased. The posterior-temporal,parietal,parietal-occipital junction,and occipital areas had more significant increases than the other areas. However,the before-and-after comparison was not significant. In both groups,brain complexity decreased in the frontotemporal junction,middle temporal,and temporoparietal junction areas and increased in the parietal,parieto-occipital junction,and occipital areas. The comparison of complexity between the treatment and control groups in P3 and PO3 leads after training was significant. P3 and PO3 are situated in the parietal region and parieto-occipital junction areas,respectively,indicating that antebellum breathing also affects brain function in these regions. The correlation between the respiratory curve and EEG components was enhanced after training. Conclusion Abdominal breathing training can significantly increase the complexity of the corresponding brain regions (posterior temporal,parietal,and parieto-occipital junction regions),and a significant correlation was observed between the two.