Objective: To improve the efficiency of patient treatment in routine, emergency, and mass casualty scenarios (both peacetime and wartime), eliminate reliance on blood type compatibility, and promote the productization of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), this study investigated the optimal mixing ratio for developing a universal PRP formulation. Methods: PRP was prepared from donors with blood types O, A, B, and AB. Samples were mixed in varying proportions, and the optimal ratio was determined based on the trend of anti-A and anti-B antibody titers in the mixed PRP. Concentrations of the growth factors PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, EGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after mixing. Results: A mixing ratio of A∶B∶AB=6∶2.5∶24 resulted in no detectable agglutination with either A or B cells in the microcolumn gel system, indicating the absence of immunological reactivity and confirming universal compatibility. Importantly, the levels of all measured growth factors remained unchanged following mixing, suggesting preservation of biological activity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that universal PRP can be prepared by neutralizing blood type antibodies through antigen-antibody reactions.

Objective:To determine the epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, in 2024.Methods:Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 269 children with ARI in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, in 2024. Seventeen respiratory pathogens were screened using quantitative fluorescence PCR. For HBoV-positive samples, the VP1/VP2 structural gene fragments of HBoV were amplified and sequenced for genetic evolutionary analysis.Results:Among the 269 nasopharyngeal swab samples from children with ARI, the overall detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 48.33% (103/269). The top three pathogens with the highest detection rates were: Influenza A virus (FluA): 10.04% (27/269), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): 8.18% (22/269), Human bocavirus (HBoV): 7.43% (20/269). The age distribution of HBoV-infected children showed that the detection rate was highest in the 0-2 years age group (50%, 10/20), followed by the 3-5 years age group (25%, 5/20) and the over 6 years age group (25%, 5/20). However, there was no statistically significant difference in viral detection rates among the age groups. Genetic evolutionary analysis based on VP1/VP2 revealed that all 13 HBoV strains were of the HBoV-1 genotype.Conclusions:HBoV is one of the major pathogens causing ARI in children in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, in 2024, with HBoV-1 being the predominant genotype. Additionally, infants aged 0-2 years are the most susceptible population to HBoV infection.

Objective:To construct the user personas of the patients who practice self-management home rehabilitation after lower limb bone transport by exploring their self-management experiences and needs in rehabilitation at home so as to provide targeted countermeasures for related medical staff.Methods:A purposive sampling method was employed to select the 21 patients who had undergone home rehabilitation after lower limb bone transport at Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Nanfang Hospital from September to December 2024. The cohort included 12 males and 9 females, with an age of (39.8±15.1) years. The phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with this cohort. After the data from interviews were explored by the Colaizzi 7-step analysis to extract the factual labels, role dimension models were built, covering 3 dimensions: description, characteristics (basic, cognitive, behavioral, social support, and psychological adjustment characteristics) and needs.Results:All patients were interviewed. Four user personas were constructed, including self-awareness growth type (5 cases), emotional dependency-driven type (4 cases), risk-aversion procrastination type (7 cases), and management motivation-impaired type (5 cases). The patients of self-awareness growth type were 21 to 36 years old and received high school or university education, characterized by high self-efficacy, active measures to improve and maintain their state of rehabilitation, good management of negative emotions, and a low sense of stigma. The patients of emotional low-driven type were 42 to 74 years old and received their education in a primary school or junior high school, characterized by lack of independence, dependence on others for rehabilitation management, common management of negative emotions, low self-efficacy, and a strong sense of stigma. The patients of risk-aversion procrastination type were 33 to 56 years old and received their education in a junior or senior high school, characterized by a willingness to cooperate but insufficient motivation for rehabilitation management, an awareness of rehabilitation which was vulnerable to external factors, common management of negative emotions, low self-efficacy, and a strong sense of stigma. The patients of management motivation-impaired type were 51 to 61 years old, received primary school education or lower, characterized by insufficient knowledge and poor self-management behavior, constant failure to follow the prescribed rehabilitation exercises, poor management of negative emotions, low self-efficacy, and a low sense of stigma.Conclusion:The user personas we have constructed for the patients who practice self-management home rehabilitation after lower limb bone transport can help healthcare professionals with specific targeted interventions to enhance self-management efficacy to facilitate the rehabilitation process for the patients.

Severe pneumonia is one of the most common and critical respiratory diseases in clinical practice. It is characterized by rapid progression， difficult treatment， high mortality， and many complications， posing a significant threat to the life and health of patients. The pathogenesis of severe pneumonia is highly complex， and studies have shown that its occurrence and development are closely related to multiple signaling pathways. Currently， the treatment of severe pneumonia mainly focuses on anti-infection， mechanical ventilation， and glucocorticoids， but clinical outcomes are often not ideal. Therefore， finding safe and effective alternative therapies is particularly important. In recent years， with the deepening of research into traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has gained widespread attention in the treatment of severe pneumonia. This paper reviewed the relationship between severe pneumonia and relevant signaling pathways in recent years and how TCM regulated these pathways in the treatment of severe pneumonia. It was found that TCM could regulate the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， and nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathways， playing a role in reducing the inflammatory response， inhibiting cell apoptosis and pyroptosis， improving oxidative stress， and other effects in the treatment of severe pneumonia. Among these pathways， it was found that all of them regulated inflammation to treat severe pneumonia. Therefore， reducing inflammation is the core mechanism by which Chinese medicine treats severe pneumonia. This review provides direction for the clinical treatment of severe pneumonia and offers a scientific basis for the research and development of new drugs.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， which is characterized by a complex and multifactorial etiology， remains one of the challenging disorders in the international field of digestive system diseases. In recent years， rectal administration preparations have made rapid progress in UC therapeutic applications. This study systematically reviews the dosage forms， mechanisms of action， and clinical applications of rectally-administered preparations for the treatment of UC. It is found that suppositories are the most commonly used dosage forms for rectal administration. The newer suppositories have the advantages of high bioavailability and good stability. Enemas can retain the drug in the intestine as much as possible to achieve the effects of diluting intestinal toxins， cleansing the bowel， and reducing inflammation. Gels can achieve a drug-sustained-release effect and effectively improve intestinal mucosal damage. The mechanism of action of this type of preparation is mainly to inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration， regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis， and increase the expression of tight-junction proteins， so as to play anti-inflammatory， regulate the intestinal bacterial flora， repair the intestinal mucosa， and other efficacies. The diversity of rectal administration forms provides a wide range of choices for the clinical treatment of UC， such as Mesalazine suppositories， Lianshao enemas， and temperature- sensitive gels loaded with drugs for UC.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological trends,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lanping County.Methods Based on tuberculosis management data and basic information systems from the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,"pulmonary tuberculosis data from Lanping County for 2018-2023 were obtained.Descriptive epidemiology,concentration method,circular distribution method,and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to conduct epidemiological and spatial analyses of the pulmonary tuberculosis data.Results A total of 2836 TB cases were reported in Lanping County from 2018 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 233.26 per 100000,showing a declining trend.The male-to-female ratio was 1.95∶1,with the highest incidence among individuals aged 60 and above(932 cases,32.86%).Cases were predominantly among farmers(91.01%)and the Lisu ethnic group(52.68%).TB incidence showed weak seasonality with a bimodal distribution,with primary peak occurring from October to March and secondary peak from June to August.Tu'e Township(324.74 per 100,000),Shideng Township(307.42 per 100000),and Jinding Town(260.98 per 100,000)had the highest incidence rates,accounting for 1,284 cases or 45.28%of the county's total cases.In 2020,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lanping County showed a spatial clustering distribution(global Morans's I value<0,P value<0.05),with Shideng Township consistently showing high-low aggregation characteristics.Conclusion Between 2018-2023,while the tuberculosis incidence rate in Lanping County has declined,it still falls short of Yunnan Province's tuberculosis prevention and control targets,and the prevention and control work continues to face significant challenges.Strengthening screening of high-risk populations and providing medical support to remote areas will be key measures for future prevention and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the value of metagene next⁃generation sequencing ( mNGS) in the detection of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 434 patients with pulmonary infections admitted over the past four years. Based on the presence of underlying comorbidities , patients were divided into underlying disease group (n = 262) and non⁃underlying disease group (n = 172) . Pathogen detection was conducted using both mNGS and conventional tests. Clinical and laboratory parameters , radiographic findings , and pathogen detection results were systematically analyzed. The diagnostic performance of the two methods in identifying causative pathogens of pulmonary infections was compared. Results: The positive rate of mNGS in 434 patients was higher than that of conventional tests , and the difference was statisti⁃cally significant (P < 0. 05) . The efficacy of mNGS in detecting bacteria and viruses was significantly higher than that of conventional tests , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . Although the fungal detection rate of mNGS was higher than that of conventional tests , the difference was not statistically significant. Among them , the detection rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Strepto⁃ coccus pneumoniae , Streptococcus constellation , Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus were significantly higher than those of conventional tests , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . Subgroup analy- sis showed that the proportion of males , hospital stay , smoking prevalence and average age in the underlying dis- ease group were higher than those in the non-underlying disease group , and the difference was statistically signifi- cant (P < 0. 05) , while there were no significant differences in antibiotic use and endotracheal intubation rate be- tween the two groups. The most common pathogens detected by mNGS in the underlying disease group were Myco⁃ bacterium tuberculosis , Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , human herpes⁃ virus type 4 and Aspergillus fumigatus , while the most common pathogens in the non-underlying disease group were Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Kleb⁃ siella pneumoniae. The positive rate of mNGS in the two groups was significantly higher than that of conventional tests , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) , while the difference in the positive rate of mNGS between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion mNGS has significant advantages over con- ventional tests of pathogen in lung infection , and is less affected by underlying diseases , which can provide an etio- logical basis for lung infection.

Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Periodontal bone defects, primarily caused by periodontitis, are highly prevalent in clinical settings and manifest as bone fenestration, dehiscence, or attachment loss, presenting a significant challenge to oral health. In regenerative medicine, harnessing developmental principles for tissue repair offers promising therapeutic potential. Of particular interest is the condensation of progenitor cells, an essential event in organogenesis that has inspired clinically effective cell aggregation approaches in dental regeneration. However, the precise cellular coordination mechanisms during condensation and regeneration remain elusive. Here, taking the tooth as a model organ, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the cellular composition and heterogeneity of human dental follicle and dental papilla, revealing a distinct Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population with remarkable odontogenic potential. Interestingly, a reciprocal paracrine interaction between PDGFRA⁺ dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and CD31⁺ Endomucin⁺ endothelial cells (ECs) was mediated by Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB (PDGFBB). This crosstalk not only maintains the functionality of PDGFRA⁺ DFSCs but also drives specialized angiogenesis. In vivo periodontal bone regeneration experiments further reveal that communication between PDGFRA⁺ DFSC aggregates and recipient ECs is essential for effective angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and rapid tissue repair. Collectively, our results unravel the importance of MSC-EC crosstalk mediated by the VEGFA and PDGFBB-PDGFRA reciprocal signaling in orchestrating angiogenesis and osteogenesis. These findings not only establish a framework for deciphering and promoting periodontal bone regeneration in potential clinical applications but also offer insights for future therapeutic strategies in dental or broader regenerative medicine.
Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism* ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology* ; Dental Sac/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Dental Papilla/cytology* ; Periodontium/physiology* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Regeneration ; Angiogenesis

•A strategy for in situ metabolically synthesized active drug-based probes was proposed.•The potential purgative targets of SA were successfully hooked and identified.•The work provided a new insight for studying the direct targets of unstable active drugs.