ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on postural control and fall risk in stroke patients. MethodsFrom October, 2024 to August, 2025, 45 stroke patients were recruited from Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 15), group A (n = 15) and group B (n = 15). All the groups received conventional medication and rehabilitation. Group A was additionally administered iTBS over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1), while group B received iTBS over the contralesional cerebellum, for three weeks. Before and after intervention, postural stability indexes (eyes open/closed), limits of stability, directional control score and reaction time were measured using Biodex Balance System, and they were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go Test (TUGT) and 10-meter walk test (10MWT). ResultsAfter intervention, significant group-time interaction effects were observed for eyes open/closed postural stability indexes, limits of stability, directional control score, reaction time, BBS score, TUGT and 10MWT (F > 23.487, P < 0.001). All the groups improved in all the indexes after intervention (P < 0.01). The eyes open/closed postural stability indexes, limits of stability, directional control score and reaction time were the best in group B, followed by group A, and the worst in the control group (P < 0.05), while BBS, TUGT and 10MWT were better in groups A and B than in the control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionCerebellar iTBS can effectively improve postural control disorders and reduce fall risk in stroke patients, and may be superior to M1 iTBS.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on lower extremity motor function and balance function in patients with stroke. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang data and VIP from inception to February 19, 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing iTBS with conventional rehabilitation or sham iTBS in patients with post-stroke lower extremity motor and balance dysfunction were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.0. ResultsA total of 16 articles involving 647 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that iTBS improved the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities score (MD = 2.58, 95%CI 1.61 to 3.55, P < 0.001), Berg Balance Scale score (MD = 4.11, 95%CI 2.43 to 5.79, P < 0.001), Barthel Index score (MD = 4.95, 95%CI 0.97 to 8.92, P = 0.010) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) latency (MD = -1.42, 95%CI -2.54 to -0.30, P = 0.010). Subgroup analyses suggested that at subacute stage, cerebellar iTBS, more than ten treatment sessions, and 1 200 pulses per day may be more effective. ConclusioniTBS may improve lower extremity motor function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke, and shorten MEP latency, and it may also confer potential benefits in improving balance function in these patients.

Objective To provide experimental evidence for selecting acupuncture timing in clinical practice,the optimal time for enhancing the brain effects of electroacupuncture at the Hegu acupoint(LI4)by observing brain imaging data,hemodynamic changes and differences in brain functional connectivity across the twelve traditional Chinese time periods were determined.Methods Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 12 groups corresponding to each of the twelve time periods(Zi,Chou,Yin,Mao,Chen,Si,Wu,Wei,Shen,You,Xu,Hai),with 3 mice per group.Each mouse received electroacupuncture stimulation using the same protocol.Brain imaging data and dynamic hemodynamic changes were collected using functional ultrasound imaging(FUS)ultrasound imaging technology every 0.4 s over a total duration of 420 s,covering pre-acupuncture(resting state),during acupuncture(task state),and post-acupuncture(post-task state)phases.The hippocampal region(HIP)was used as the observation point to analyze changes in functional connectivity between HIP and other brain regions before and after acupuncture.Results Compared to other time periods,the Mao group exhibited the largest whole-brain activation area and the highest average activation signal intensity.The hemodynamic signal increase in the hippocampal region was more pronounced,and the post-acupuncture blood flow signal intensity remained significantly higher than the pre-acupuncture resting state.Functional connectivity data revealed that,using 0.2 as the standard value,the Mao group showed the greatest number of altered brain regions before and after acupuncture.Notably,only in the Mao group was there a significant enhancement in connectivity between the bilateral hippocampal regions.Conclusion The immediate effects of electroacupuncture at the Hegu acupoint(LI4)and brain functional connectivity vary significantly across different time periods,aligning with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of meridian qi and blood flow.Mao time is identified as the optimal period.

Objective To investigate the effects of taurine-upregulated gene 1(TUG1)on the biological functions of human um-bilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)such as apoptosis,proliferation,and migration after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods HUVEC were treated with OGD/R to establish a cell model injured by OGD/R.Small interfering RNA si-lencing TUG1(si-TUG1)and its negative control(si-NC)were transfected,and the cells were divided into the control group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+si-NC group,and OGD/R+si-TUG1 group.PCR was used to detect the expression level of TUG1 in HUVEC;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis;CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation;wound-healing assay was used to detect cell migration;immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD31 in HUVEC;and Western blot was used to detect the expres-sion of nuclear proliferation antigen(PCNA)protein.Results The PCR results showed that the expression level of TUG1 in OGD/R group cells was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);si-TUG1 transfection can significantly reduce the expres-sion level of TUG1 in HUVEC(P＜0.05);the apoptosis rate of HUVEC in the si-TUG1 group was significantly lower than that in the si-NC group(P＜0.05);The cell proliferation,cell migration,immunofluorescence intensity of CD31,and the expression levels of PC-NA protein in the si-TUG1 group were higher than those in the si-NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting TUG1 can significant-ly reduce the apoptosis of HUVEC under OGD/R conditions,and increase the biological functions of HUVEC,such as proliferation,mi-gration,and tubular ability.

The purpose of this study was to prepare high affinity monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)a-gainst bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)and establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA detec-tion method.BVDV was purified by differential ultracentrifugation and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Hybridoma cells were prepared by fusing spleen cells from the immunized mice with SP2/0 cells.Positive cells were screened by indirect ELISA.A double-antibody sandwich ELISA method for detecting BVDV was developed using monoclonal antibody 4D11 as the capture antibody and HRP-labeled monoclonal antibody 3F3 as the detection antibody.The results of the ELISA and the determination of the variable region gene sequence of monoclonal antibodies indicated that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize different antigenic epitopes.Specificity tests showed that two monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize BVDV and did not cross-react with other bovine viru-ses associated with diarrhea.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot assay demonstra-ted that both mAbs exhibited strong reactivity with BVDV.The double antibody sandwich ELISA detection method established in this study had good specificity.The sensitivity test revealed that the method could detect a minimum virus amount of 3.1 × 104 TCID50.The reproducibility test showed that the inter-batch coefficient of variation(Cv)was between 2.47％and 7.44％,and the intra-batch Cv was between 1.71％and 9.89％,indicating good reproducibility.The establishment of this method provides an effective technical tool for the rapid diagnosis and prevention and con-trol of BVDV.

Fatty liver is common disease of nutritional metabolism in the perinatal period,character-ized by elevated levels of NEFA in the blood and disorders of lipid metabolism.High concentra-tions of NEFA damage mitochondria and promote the release of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At the same time,lipid peroxidation occurs in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes,producing free radi-cals such as ROS,which leads to oxidative stress in the liver.When the level of intracellular ROS increases,thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)activates nucleotide-binding oligomerization structure-like protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes,and oxidative stress can regulate pyroptosis,but it is unclear whether reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced by oxidative stress in hepatocytes can mediate pyroptosis and induce liver injury in dairy cows through the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.In this study,liver tissue samples from healthy dairy cows and fatty liver cows were collected,and NEFA was used to construct a fatty liver cell model,and triglyceride(TG)content and oxidative stress related indicators were detected by kit.Western blot was used to detect the activation of NL-RP3 inflammasomes,the inflammatory pathway of NF-κB and the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression level of inflammatory factor mRNA.The results showed that compared with the healthy(control)group,the TG content of fatty liver tissue and fatty liver cells was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of TXNIP,NLRP3,GSDMD-N and Caspase-1 were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).The results of the antioxidant model of fatty hepatocytes using NEFA and antioxidants(NAC)showed that compared with the fatty hepatocyte model,the content of ROS in hepatocytes was sig-nificantly reduced,and oxidative stress,NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis were alle-viated.In summary,this study found that when fatty liver disease occurs in dairy cows,ROS pro-duced by oxidative stress in the liver can mediate pyroptosis through the TXNIP/NLRP3 path-way,which can lead to liver injury in fatty liver cows.

The purpose of this study was to prepare high affinity monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)a-gainst bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)and establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA detec-tion method.BVDV was purified by differential ultracentrifugation and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Hybridoma cells were prepared by fusing spleen cells from the immunized mice with SP2/0 cells.Positive cells were screened by indirect ELISA.A double-antibody sandwich ELISA method for detecting BVDV was developed using monoclonal antibody 4D11 as the capture antibody and HRP-labeled monoclonal antibody 3F3 as the detection antibody.The results of the ELISA and the determination of the variable region gene sequence of monoclonal antibodies indicated that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize different antigenic epitopes.Specificity tests showed that two monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize BVDV and did not cross-react with other bovine viru-ses associated with diarrhea.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot assay demonstra-ted that both mAbs exhibited strong reactivity with BVDV.The double antibody sandwich ELISA detection method established in this study had good specificity.The sensitivity test revealed that the method could detect a minimum virus amount of 3.1 × 104 TCID50.The reproducibility test showed that the inter-batch coefficient of variation(Cv)was between 2.47％and 7.44％,and the intra-batch Cv was between 1.71％and 9.89％,indicating good reproducibility.The establishment of this method provides an effective technical tool for the rapid diagnosis and prevention and con-trol of BVDV.

Fatty liver is common disease of nutritional metabolism in the perinatal period,character-ized by elevated levels of NEFA in the blood and disorders of lipid metabolism.High concentra-tions of NEFA damage mitochondria and promote the release of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At the same time,lipid peroxidation occurs in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes,producing free radi-cals such as ROS,which leads to oxidative stress in the liver.When the level of intracellular ROS increases,thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)activates nucleotide-binding oligomerization structure-like protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes,and oxidative stress can regulate pyroptosis,but it is unclear whether reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced by oxidative stress in hepatocytes can mediate pyroptosis and induce liver injury in dairy cows through the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.In this study,liver tissue samples from healthy dairy cows and fatty liver cows were collected,and NEFA was used to construct a fatty liver cell model,and triglyceride(TG)content and oxidative stress related indicators were detected by kit.Western blot was used to detect the activation of NL-RP3 inflammasomes,the inflammatory pathway of NF-κB and the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression level of inflammatory factor mRNA.The results showed that compared with the healthy(control)group,the TG content of fatty liver tissue and fatty liver cells was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of TXNIP,NLRP3,GSDMD-N and Caspase-1 were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).The results of the antioxidant model of fatty hepatocytes using NEFA and antioxidants(NAC)showed that compared with the fatty hepatocyte model,the content of ROS in hepatocytes was sig-nificantly reduced,and oxidative stress,NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis were alle-viated.In summary,this study found that when fatty liver disease occurs in dairy cows,ROS pro-duced by oxidative stress in the liver can mediate pyroptosis through the TXNIP/NLRP3 path-way,which can lead to liver injury in fatty liver cows.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and patient compliance of a quadruple therapy containing minocycline compared with the traditional quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter(H.)pylori.Methods This study included 200 H.pylori positive patients,with 100 assigned to the minocycline-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBMC group)and the other 100 to the amoxicillin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBAC group).After matching the two groups of patients using the propensity score matching(PSM)method,there were 86 cases in each group.Telephone follow-up was conducted on the 14th day after the start of treatment to record patient medication compliance and adverse drug reactions.A 13C urea breath test was performed for re-examination at least one month after completing the treatment plan and discontinuing medication.The intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses were used to compare the H.pylori eradication rates between the two groups,and Chi-square test and t-test were used for intergroup comparison.Results In the ITT analysis,the eradication rates of the LBMC group and the LBAC group were 89.5%(77/86,95%CI:82.9%～96.1%)and 82.6%(71/86,95%CI:74.4%～90.7%),respectively.In the PP analysis,the eradication rates were 92.6%(75/81,95%CI:86.8%～98.4%)and 88.8%(71/80,95%CI:81.7%～95.8%),respectively.The adverse reaction rate of the LBMC group was 27.9%(24/86),and that of the LBAC group 31.4%(27/86),showing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).In terms of compliance,the LBMC group was 94.2%(81/86),and the LBAC group 93.0%(80/86),revealing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion As a first-line treatment for eradicating H.pylori,regimens containing minocycline demonstrate equivalent eradication rates to those containing amoxicillin,with similar safety and compliance.They can be used as an alternative treatment for patients allergic to penicillin.

Objective To explore the effect of lipoprotein a[Lp(a)]on the inflammatory state and cardiovascular system of patients with essential hypertension.Methods The clinical data of 234 patients with essential hypertension admitted from January 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively collected.According to the serum Lp(a)concentration,they were divided into the normal Lp(a)group(n=185)and the high Lp(a)group(n=49).The differences in serum inflammatory markers C reactive protein(CRP),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and fibrinogen between the two groups were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Lp(a)and inflammatory markers,and the incidence of cardiac target organ damage between the two groups of patients was compared.Results Compared with the normal Lp(a)group,the CRP concentration,NLR and fibrinogen concentration of hypertensive patients in the high Lp(a)group increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the concentration of Lp(a)was positively correlated with CRP,NLR and fibrinogen(r=0.168,0.165,0.321,P<0.05).The incidence of myocardial infarction was higher in the high Lp(a)group[22.45%(11/49)]than in the normal Lp(a)group[7.57%(14/185)](P<0.01).Conclusion In patients with essential hypertension,high Lp(a)concentration is associated with a stronger inflammatory response,and elevated Lp(a)concentration is related to an increased incidence of myocardial infarction,suggesting that Lp(a)may affect target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension by promoting inflammation.