Objective To analyze the factors influencing occupational health literacy (OHL), work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), and occupational stress in medical staff, and to investigate the potential associations between OHL and WMSDs as well as occupational stress. Methods A total of 880 medical staff members from 18 medical institutions were selected as the study subjects using a probability proportional method. Data on OHL, WMSDs, and occupational stress were investigated using the National Key Populations Occupational Health Literacy Surveillance Individual Questionnaire (including the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire and the Core Occupational Stress Scale), and the influencing factors and potential relationships were analyzed. Results The OHL level was 63.1%, the prevalence of WMSDs was 88.1%, and the detection rate of occupational stress was 24.0% in the study subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female medical staff had lower OHL levels than males (P<0.05). Medical staff with higher education levels and those working in higher-level medical institutions had higher OHL levels (all P<0.05). Medical staff working >40-<49 hours per week and those working ≥49 hours per week had higher OHL levels than those working ≤40 hours per week (all P<0.01). Medical staff with higher education levels or longer working hours had a higher risk of WMSDs (all P<0.05). Medical staff with lower monthly personal income, longer weekly working hours, and lower OHL levels had a higher risk of occupational stress (all P<0.05), and those working night shifts had a higher risk of occupational stress than those who did not (P<0.01). Conclusion The study participants had a relatively high level of OHL, a high prevalence of WMSDs, and a low detection rate of occupational stress. It is recommended that medical institutions effectively implement occupational health promotion and support measures to improve the OHL level of medical staff, to reduce the risk of WMSDs and occupational stress.

Objective:To investigate the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) among workers in the electronic manufacturing industry, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for occupational health promotion work.Methods:From July to September 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 870 workers from 20 large, medium, small and micro electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects. The OHL level of workers was investigated by using the "Personal Questionnaire for Monitoring and Surveying Occupational Health Literacy of National Key Populations", and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:The OHL level of workers in electronic manufacturing industry was 36.09% (314/870). The OHL levels in the four dimensions of occupational health legal knowledge, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy work methods and behaviors, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 39.08% (340/870), 78.97% (687/870), 56.55% (492/870), and 22.41% (195/870), respectively. logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school, senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school education, and average monthly income of 5000-6999 yuan and ≥7000 yuan were protective factors for high OHL levels among workers ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The OHL level of workers in the electronic manufacturing industry is relatively low, and the promotion and intervention of OHL should be actively carried out to effectively improve the health literacy level of workers, focusing on workers with low education and low income.

An overview of the application of association rule mining(ARM)in real-world study(RWD)on drug safety to inform pharmacovigilance real-world data analysis.The applications of ARM in RWD of drug safety were divided into single drug/vaccine signal detection,combined medication risk mining,multidimensional risk factor analysis and adverse drug event occurrence characterization based on passive monitoring data;medication characterization pattern analysis,auxiliary epidemiological study design and risk mining of the whole dataset based on active monitoring data.In general,foreign scholars pay more attention to method rule setting,performance evaluation and application research,while domestic scholars pay more attention to multidimensional risk factor analysis,adverse drug event occurrence pattern,and clinical drug use characteristics research.With the accumulation of medical data and the continuous development of data mining technology,ARM may provide new ideas for RWD on drug safety.

Objective:To investigate the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) among workers in the electronic manufacturing industry, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for occupational health promotion work.Methods:From July to September 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 870 workers from 20 large, medium, small and micro electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects. The OHL level of workers was investigated by using the "Personal Questionnaire for Monitoring and Surveying Occupational Health Literacy of National Key Populations", and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:The OHL level of workers in electronic manufacturing industry was 36.09% (314/870). The OHL levels in the four dimensions of occupational health legal knowledge, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy work methods and behaviors, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 39.08% (340/870), 78.97% (687/870), 56.55% (492/870), and 22.41% (195/870), respectively. logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school, senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school education, and average monthly income of 5000-6999 yuan and ≥7000 yuan were protective factors for high OHL levels among workers ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The OHL level of workers in the electronic manufacturing industry is relatively low, and the promotion and intervention of OHL should be actively carried out to effectively improve the health literacy level of workers, focusing on workers with low education and low income.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) are recommended for COVID-19 treatment in China, but their safety and efficacy in the elderly population are not fully known. In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, we identified 5131 elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 32,864 COVID-19 patients admitted to nine hospitals in Henan Province, China, from December 5, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was composite disease progression. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for confounding factors, including demographics, vaccination status, comorbidities, and laboratory tests. After 2:1 PSM, 1786 elderly patients receiving azvudine and 893 elderly patients receiving Paxlovid were included. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses revealed that compared with Paxlovid group, azvudine could significantly reduce the risk of all-cause death (log-rank P = 0.002; HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.573-0.883, P = 0.002), but there was no difference in composite disease progression (log-rank P = 0.52; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.877-1.260, P = 0.588). Four sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of above results. Subgroup analysis suggested that a greater benefit of azvudine over Paxlovid was observed in elderly patients with primary malignant tumors (P for interaction = 0.005, HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18-0.57) compared to patients without primary malignant tumors. Safety analysis revealed that azvudine treatment had a lower incidence of adverse events and higher lymphocyte levels than Paxlovid treatment. In conclusion, azvudine treatment is not inferior to Paxlovid treatment in terms of all-cause death, composite disease progression and adverse events in elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Objective:To analyze the liver histological characteristics and clinically related factors in inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (IHC), and also explore whether antiviral treatment is necessary for IHC, as defined in the 2022 version of the hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Two hundred and thirty-one IHC cases who underwent liver biopsy histopathological examination in nine medical institutions, including Beijing Youan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, from January 2018 to December 2023 were included. General informative data, clinical serological markers, and transient elastography (TE) examination results were collected. Patients were divided into a positive (148 cases) and a negative group (83 cases) according to the results of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection. The differences in liver pathological inflammatory activity (G) and liver fibrosis stage (S) were analyzed between the two groups to explore the correlation between liver tissue conditions and clinically related factors. Comparsions of normally distributed continwous data, skeukd continuous data, and categorical data between groups are performed using t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and χ2 tests, respectively. Results:The age of 231 IHC cases was 43 (38, 51) years old, with 95.2% (220/231) aged ≥30 years, and males accounted for 64.9% (150/231). HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were 131.9 (20.8, 400.9) IU/mL and 94.0 (0, 448.5) IU/mL, respectively, of which 35.9% (83/231) were HBV DNA negative (<20 IU/mL). The remarkable proportions of G≥2, S≥2, and liver injury (G≥2 and/or S≥2) in liver tissue were 16.5% (38/231), 29% (67/231), and 35.9% (83/231), respectively. The S≥2 proportion was significantly higher in the HBV DNA-negative group than the positive group (42.2% vs. 21.6%, P<0.001), and it mainly occurred in the population cohort over 30 years old (44.9% vs. 31.0%, P=0.04). The liver stiffness measurement (LSM), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and platelet (PLT) were significantly higher in the S≥2 group than the S<2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Clinicians can comprehensively evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis in IHC based on clinical factors such as age, PLT, APRI, and LSM, even if the liver histological results are lacking. The China 2022 version guidelines define that nearly half of IHC has histological indications for antiviral therapy, and liver biopsy and prompt treatment can be recommended.

Objective:To analyze the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) features of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) at different stages.Methods:A retrospective study. A total of 104 patients with 201 eyes from Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital who were hospitalized for fundus examination and diagnosed with FEVR from 2018 to 2022 were included. There were 69 male cases with 133 eyes and 35 female cases with 68 eyes. The age was ranged from 2 months to 11 years, with a mean age of 2.9 years. Fundus and CDFI examination were performed in both eyes. Fluorescein fundus angiography was performed in 72 cases (144 eyes). FEVR staging was conducted according to literature standards. The presence of avascular areas in the peripheral retina or abnormal retina neovascularization was stage 1; the presence of retinal neovascularization at the vitreoretinal interface in the avascular area was stage 2; partial retinal detachment without macula involvement was stage 3; partial retinal detachment involving the macula was stage 4; complete retinal detachment was stage 5. The CDFI ultrasound features of FEVR at different stages were analyzed. The CDFI image features of FEVR patients in different stages were observed.Results:Among the 104 patients, 97 (93.3%, 97/104) cases were binocular and 7 (6.7%, 7/104) cases were monocular. In 201 eyes, stages 1 to 5 of FEVR were 49 (24.4%, 49/201), 23 (11.4%, 23/201), 39 (19.4%, 39/201), 71 (35.3%, 71/201), and 19 (9.5%, 19/201) eyes, respectively. CDFI examination showed no abnormality or mild vitreous opacity in 49 eyes vitreous body at stage 1. Vitreous opacities were observed in all 23 eyes in stage 2, and the echo of the temporal ballwall was not smooth. In 39 eyes at stage 3, the anterior globular cluster echo in temporal peripheral eyes was observed in 17 eyes and partial retinal detachment was observed in 13 eyes. In 71 eyes at stage 4, 51 eyes had temporal or infratemporal retinal folds, and 20 eyes had temporal retinal detachment. All the 19 eyes in stage 5 had total retinal detachment, of which 15 eyes had closed "funnel-shaped" retinal detachment. Among the patients with retinal folds, 13 had bilateral folds, and the fellow eyes of the other 25 patients with unilateral folds all had vitreous opacity or clump echo in front of the temporal spherical wall. Blood flow signals could be detected on the retinal folds with Doppler imaging.Conclusions:The CDFI manifestations of FEVR patients at different stages have different characteristics. The possibility of FEVR should be considered when the temporal or infratemporal retinal folds of both eyes are present, as well as the retinal folds of one eye, the contralateral vitreous body opacity, or the anterior temporal peribulbar cluster echoes are present.

Objective To explore the association between long working hours, anxiety symptoms, and insomnia symptoms among footwear industry workers, and to examine the mediating effect of anxiety symptoms between long working hours and insomnia symptoms. Methods A total of 710 workers from 15 footwear manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as study subjects using a stratified random sampling method. Long working hours, anxiety symptoms, and insomnia symptoms among the workers were assessed using the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Self-Rating Scale, and the Self-Rating Sleep Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the associations of long working hours and anxiety symptoms with insomnia symptoms, and a mediation effect model was used to examine the mediating role of anxiety symptoms. Results The workers with long working hours accounted for 69.6% of participants. The detection rates of anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms were 17.0% and 20.7% in these workers, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that both long working hours and anxiety symptoms were influencing factors for insomnia symptoms (both P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that long working hours had a direct effect on insomnia symptoms, accounting for 67.9% of the total effect. Anxietysymptoms played a partial mediating role between long working hours and insomnia symptoms, with an effect value of 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.07-0.30, P<0.01), accounting for 32.1% of the total effect. Conclusion Both long working hours and anxiety symptoms are influencing factors for insomnia symptoms among the footwear industry workers, and anxiety symptoms partially mediate the impact of long working hours on insomnia symptoms.

Objective To analyze the current status of occupational health literacy (OHL) among front-line workers in the metal products industry and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 5 193 front-line workers from the metal products industry in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects by the stratified cluster random sampling method. The Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations was used to assess their OHL levels. To analyze the influencing factors of OHL, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results The overall OHL level among the participants was 40.0% (2 079/5 193). The result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that workers with lower educational level, lower average monthly personal income, and smaller enterprise size had lower OHL levels (all P<0.01). In addition, workers in foreign-funded enterprises had higher OHL levels than those in private enterprises (P<0.01). Conclusion There remains considerable room for improvement in OHL among front-line workers in the metal products industry. Priority focus is to improve OHL among workers with lower education and income levels, as well as those employed in private and micro- or small-sized enterprises.