Health communication aims to improve public health attitudes and behaviors by propagating health information. It plays an important role in promoting public health literacy and "Healthy China Initiative". The basic theories of health communication include "7 W" and Theory of Planned Behavior. Clinicians with profound medical expertise and a wealth of clinical practice play key roles in the communication, and they hold an unparalleled advantage in health communication by delivering authoritative and trustworthy information to the public. The capacity of health communication among clinicians in the nation is determined by various factors including professional characteristics, policy support, dissemination platforms and pathways, time and effort. Meanwhile, some problems in the research on the health communication capacity of clinicians remain, such as lack of well-established motivation systems, limited dissemination pathways, and imperfect evaluation frameworks. In some regions of China, health communication performance has been considered as part of the professional title evaluation for clinical physicians. Medical institutions and universities have also initiated relevant training and practice programs. It is crucial to improve evaluation frameworks, strengthen training pathways and effectiveness assessment, promote interdisciplinary integration, and enhance the role of clinicians in health communication in the future.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the studies about Yiqing Capsules in the treatment of pharyngitis， tonsillitis， gingivitis， and oral ulcers with heat-toxin syndrome and clarify the advantages and therapeutic characteristics of Yiqing capsules， thus providing reference for the decision-making by relevant departments and clues for the clinical and basic research. MethodThe multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） model and CSC v2.0 were employed to comprehensively evaluate Yiqing capsules from multiple aspects. ResultThe serious adverse reactions in the spontaneous reporting system （SRS） monitoring data of Yiqing capsules included pruritus， rash， an ddiarrhea， all of which were relieved or cured， without aggravation or interhospital transfer for treatment. Literature data showed that the main clinical adverse reactions were abdominal pain， diarrhea， etc. Both acute toxicity and long-term toxicity tests showed good safety， and thus the safety of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade B. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Yiqing capsules used alone or in combination with other medicines outperformed Niuhuang Jiedu capsules or Western medicine in the treatment of pharyngitis， tonsillitis， gingivitis， and oral ulcers with heat toxin in terms of symptom alleviation， disappearance rate of main symptoms， and recurrence rate of aphtha. Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies showed that Yiqing capsules had antimicrobial， antiviral， and anti-inflammatory effects， with the effectiveness rated as grade B. The decision tree model was adopted to analyze the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. With the threshold of 1 fold per capita GDP and the disappearing rate of pain in gingivitis as the indicator， Yiqing capsules had an economic advantage in the treatment of gingivitis due to heat-toxin compared with Niuhuang Jiedu capsules， and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 0.39 yuan/%， which indicated acceptable cost， with the economy rated as grade B. Yiqing capsules can not only clear heat from Qi aspect but also purge blood fire， serving as the representative prescription of clearing and purging for heat-toxin syndrome. Considering the industrial service system and enterprise innovation， the comprehensive innovation of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade B. Generally， this product does not require personalized treatment plans and features convenient supply， storage， transportation， policy publicity， drug information standards， and easy operation for medical care and patients. The Chinese patent medicine information was complete and in line with national standards， and thus the suitability of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade A. With a low price and good availability and affordability， the accessibility of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade A. The Yiqing capsules prescription， Sanhuang Xiexin decoction， originated from ancient medical books， with rich real-world studies， and thus the traditional Chinese medicine characteristics of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade C. ConclusionThe clinical value of Yiqing capsules was rated as grade B from the "6+1" dimensions， suggesting that it could be conditionally converted into the relevant policy results of basic clinical drug management according to the procedure.

Objective To establish high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)characteristic chromatograms of Xinqingduyin Granules(composed of Taraxaci Herba,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Chrysanthemi Indici Flos,etc.)and content determination of chicory acid and glycyrrhizic acid,and to optimize the preparation process of Xinqingduyin Granules.Methods Using the characteristic chromatograms of Xinqingduyin and the retention rate of chicory acid and glycyrrhizic acid as indexes,we carried out orthogonal experiment to optimize the extraction process of Xinqingduyin,and studied the concentration process.The molding process of Xinqingduyin Granules was conducted by screening the types and dosage of auxiliary materials,then three batches of pilot experiments were carried out.Results HPLC characteristic chromatograms of Xinqingshuyin Granules and the determination methods of chicory acid and glycyrrhizic acid were established.The optimal preparation technology was as follows:8 times amount of water was added,the drug was decocted for 3 times,with 1 hour per time.After the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 80℃,the appropriate amount of steviol glycoside and lactose was added into the extract and mixed.One-step granulation and packaging were adopted.The retention rates of chicoric acid and glycyrrhizic acid in the 3 batches of Xinqingduyin Granules,which were prepared on the pilot scale,were(54.56±1.63)%and(54.96±1.08)%,and the rate of finished product was(87.47±0.49)%,respectively.The quality is uniform,and the characteristic map of Xinqingduyin Granules showed high similarity with that of decoction prepared from the same batch of slices.Conclusion The optimized preparation technology is reasonable,feasible and reproducible.This preparation can be used to obtain the granule with similar materials of Xinqingduyin decoction.

BACKGROUND:The treatment for bacterial biofilms after internal fixation surgery is a very difficult problem in clinic.It is a great significance to establish an animal model of irrigation for treating bacterial biofilms in the early stage after internal fixation surgery. OBJECTIVE:To establish an animal model for treating bacterial biofilms with different drugs through irrigation in early stage after internal fixation surgery. METHODS:Six New Zealand white rabbits were selected.Bilateral femoral surfaces were exposed and drilled holes were made,and bone plates colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa(experimental group)and blank bone plates(blank control group)were implanted around the drilled holes on one side,and two drainage tubes were retained and fixed to serve as the"inlet"and"outlet,"respectively.The model was immersed for a certain period of time after simulated perfusion before rinsing.After the simulated irrigation,the plates were soaked for a certain time before washing.At 5 days postoperatively,the rabbits were observed for body temperature,wound condition,bacterial culture of drainage fluid,and crystalline violet staining and scanning electron microscopy of the bone plate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six rabbits had difficulty in moving the affected limbs after surgery and showed elevated body temperature at 2-4 days after surgery.Local swelling could be touched at some wounds in the experimental group,and the wounds in the blank control group healed well.The results of bacterial culture of drainage fluid showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa diffused or spread in the experimental group.At 5 days after surgery,the plate in the experimental group became purple shown by crystalline violet staining,and the absorbance value at 570 nm detected by the microplate reader was 2.621±0.088,indicating the presence of bacteria.Scanning electron microscopy at 5 days after surgery showed that a large number of bacterial microcolonies appeared on the surface of the plate in the experimental group,forming a highly inhomogeneous three-dimensional structure similar to the"mushroom-like"and"tower-like"structures,with filamentous water channels connecting the"mushroom-like"structures,which were typical biofilm structures with high densities,while no obvious colonies were seen in the blank control group.Overall,this animal model simulates the state of infected biofilm formation due to early infection after internal fixation and provides an available method of irrigation with different drugs.

Performance appraisal of public hospitals have given a guidance for the development of public hospitals at all levels.A Class A tertiary hospital reviewed the problems in the development of the hospital at the present stage and focused on the following four aspects:①insufficient fine management;②No clear orientation of discipline development;③The bottleneck of the improvement of medical operation efficiency;④New challenges in the reform of payment mode.The tertiary hospital launched a fine management practice in May 2022,in order to solve the problems by taking the Department of Surgery as a pilot area,laying the foundation for fine management through information system construction,improving the efficiency of medical operation through management process optimization,improving the overall competitiveness of disciplines through the construction of sub-specialty and Discipline Alliance and adjusting the performance appraisal index system to play the role of performance incentives.The measures effectively improve the overall capacity and efficiency of hospital medical services and help the hospital to achieve high-quality development.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sleep on physical performance and the correlation between sleep quality and physical performance in the elderly.Methods:In this prospective multicenter case-control study, 472 elderly people aged 60-80 years were recruited from three regions in China, Beijing, Tianjin, and Hainan Province.Basic information of study participants was collected through face-to-face interviews, and physical performance of study participants was assessed by the time up and go(TUG)test on site, with 106 cases(22.5%)in the normal physical performance group and 366 cases(77.5%)in the abnormal group.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)were applied to assess sleep quality of study subjects.Correlation analysis was performed to examine factors affecting subjects' physical performance.Results:Age, history of alcohol consumption, BMI, past medical history, the ESS score, daytime sleepiness, and some components of PSQI, such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping drugs and daytime dysfunction, were influencing factors of the TUG score.Two components of PSQI, sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency, and the ESS score were positively correlated with physical performance.Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for decreased physical performance in the elderly included increased age( OR=1.125, 95% CI: 1.083-1.168, P<0.01), history of alcohol consumption( OR=0.482, 95% CI: 0.384-0.605, P<0.001), abnormally high body mass index( OR=1.663, 95% CI: 1.340-2.063, P<0.01), hyperlipemia( OR=0.156, 95% CI: 0.077-0.318, P<0.01), digestive system diseases( OR=0.154, 95% CI: 0.044-0.532, P<0.01), use of sleeping drugs( OR=0.415, 95% CI: 0.202-0.854, P<0.05), daytime sleepiness( OR=4.234, 95% CI: 2.800-6.403, P<0.01), a high habitual sleep efficiency score of PSQI( OR=1.425, 95% CI: 1.214-1.672, P<0.01)and a high sleep disturbances score in PSQI( OR=3.356, 95% CI: 2.337-4.819, P<0.01). Conclusions:The incidence of physical performance decline is high in the elderly.There is a correlation between physical performance and sleep quality.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Pixu Jiuxie Prescription in the treatment of chronic and prolonged non-infectious diarrhea (spleen kidney yang deficiency type) in children; To discuss its effects on immune function of patients.Methods:Randomized controlled trial study was conducted. 76 children with chronic and prolonged non-infectious diarrhea of spleen and kidney yang deficiency type who were treated at the Pediatric Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups, with 38 cases in each group. The observation group was orally treated with Pixu Jiuxie Prescription, and the control group was orally treated with Diosmectite and Bifidobacterium Quadruple Viable Tablets. The treatment for both groups lasted for 30 d. Main symptoms, TCM syndromes, and TCM symptoms were scored before and after the treatment. Immunoassay was used to detect the levels of immunoglobulin IgM, IgA, and IgG, and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 94.74% (36/38), which was significantly higher than that of the control group 78.95% (30/38), with statistical significance ( χ2=14.05, P=0.003); Main symptoms: the number of stools in the observation group (1.86 ± 0.25 vs. 2.03 ± 0.49, t=7.14), and stool characteristics (1.62 ± 0.26 vs. 1.98 ± 0.37, t=8.26) were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.001). TCM syndrome: after treatment, the abdominal pain (0.68 ± 0.13 vs. 0.74 ± 0.37, t=7.38), abdominal distension (0.43 ± 0.25 vs. 0.75 ± 0.23, t=2.16), appetite (0.50 ± 0.10 vs. 0.88 ± 0.15, t=4.35), nausea and vomiting (0.18 ± 0.33 vs. 0.34 ± 0.36, t=6.53), fatigue and weakness (0.34 ± 0.24 vs. 0.43 ± 0.25, t=5.62), and dehydration (0.30 ± 0.11 vs. 0.68 ± 0.13, t=5.87) integration and the total score of (5.63 ± 4.33 vs. 9.63 ± 5.53, t=16.07) observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). TCM symptoms: after treatment, the scores of color deficiency (0.18 ± 0.33 vs. 0.24 ± 0.13, t=2.63), cold limbs (0.20 ± 0.11 vs. 0.28 ± 0.14, t=4.13), prolapse (0.08 ± 0.33 vs. 0.14 ± 0.37, t=3.64), and clear urine (0.23 ± 0.11 vs. 0.28 ± 0.13, t=8.27) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of immunoglobulin IgA [(0.52 ± 0.21) g/L vs. (0.40 ± 0.26) g/L, t=8.15], IgM [(8.76 ± 1.16) g/L vs. (7.68 ± 1.43) g/L, t=10.67], and IgG [(0.89 ± 0.39) g/L vs. (0.62 ± 0.33) g/L, t=12.15] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Pixu Jiuxie Prescription can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of children with chronic and prolonged non-infectious diarrhea with spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome, enhance their immunity, and improve clinical efficacy.

Objective·To explore the association between gene-gene interaction of glutamate pathway and anhedonia.Methods·A total of 279 patients with schizophrenia(SZ)and 236 patients with major depression disorder(MDD)recruited in the outpatient department and ward of Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and 236 healthy controls(HC)recruited in the community from January 2017 to August 2020 were included in the study.General demographic data and clinical characteristics of the three groups were collected and compared.The Chinese version of Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS)was used to evaluate the pleasure experience ability of the three groups.Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction(GMDR)method was used to establish the interaction model of the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)in glutamate pathway genes(NOS1AP,GSK3β,DAOA,DISC1 and GRIN2A).According to the interaction model,SZ and MDD patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group,and the differences in pleasure experience ability were compared between the two groups,so as to analyze the effect of gene-gene interaction on anhedonia.Results·There were significant differences in age and years of education among the three groups,and in age of onset and duration of illness between SZ and MDD groups(all P=0.000).There were significant differences among the three groups of participants in terms of overall pleasure experience,anticipatory pleasure experience and consummatory pleasure experience(all P=0.000);the overall pleasure experience,anticipatory pleasure experience and consummatory pleasure experience in the SZ and MDD group were lower than those in the HC group(all Pcorr=0.000),and there was marginal statistical difference in anticipatory pleasure experience between the SZ and MDD groups(Pcorr=0.051).Through GMDR modeling,it was found that the 2-loci interaction model composed of DAOA-rs3916965 and DISC1-rs821577 had a predictive effect on the overall pleasure experience ability of SZ patients(P=0.003),and the 2-loci interaction model composed of NOS1AP-rs1858232 and GRIN2A-rs1014531 had a predictive effect on the anticipatory pleasure experience ability of MDD patients(P=0.037);moreover,the overall pleasure experience ability of patients in the SZ high-risk group and anticipatory pleasure experience ability of patients in MDD high-risk groups were lower than those in their low-risk groups(t=3.443,P=0.000;t=3.471,P=0.001).Conclusion·The interaction of glutamate pathway gene polymorphisms may be involved in the occurrence of anhedonia.

Objective:To explore the competitive attitude of students of medical college and its influencing factors.Methods:A sample of 382 first to third year medical students was selected with the method of random sampling. The questionnaire consists of three parts: demographics, Competitive Attitude Scale of Chinese Version and Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. SPSS 25.0 was applied to perform the statistical analysis. Concrete methods that used involved statistical interpretation, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank sum correlation analysis. Results:The benign competitive attitude of students was 51.00(45.00，56.00) and the excessive competitive attitude was 35.00(31.00，38.00). There was a statistically significant difference in the score of benign competitive attitude among medical students of different grades( H=22.31, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of benign competitive attitudes among the medical students who enjoy teamwork ( Z=-4.53, P<0.001), who had role models to follow in the medical field ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001), and who had careful career planning ( Z=-2.19, P=0.029). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of excessive competitive attitudes among the medical students who enjoy teamwork ( Z=-2.47, P=0.014), who had role models to follow in the medical field ( Z=-2.89, P=0.004), and who had careful career planning ( Z=-2.32, P=0.021). There was a weak positive correlation between empathy and benign competitive attitude ( r=0.20, P<0.001), but a negative correlation between empathy and excessive attitude ( r=-0.36, P<0.001). Conclusions:Medical students had a good competitive attitude. Medical college should pay more attention to improving medical students' sense of teamwork, career planning ability and willingness to learn from role models, guide students to develop a benign competitive attitude and focus on improving their professional quality.

Purpose/Significance The establishment of a specialized database for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)aims to address the issues of low data usage efficiency caused by scattered and low-quality diagnostic data.Method/Process Based on clinical diagnostic data of children with ADHD from March 2020 to April 2024,natural language processing(NLP)techniques are utilized to realize the post-structuring of the data.Furthermore,standardization of the database is performed according to industry standards and treatment guidelines.Result/Conclusion The specialized database for children with ADHD is established,comprising data from 75 835 ADHD children and 280 000 clinical visits.This database supports various applications such as the analysis of basic character-istics of the ADHD population,prediction model construction,resource allocation optimization,and clinical pathway optimization.