Motor imagery (MI) is a mental process that can be recognized by electroencephalography (EEG) without actual movement. It has significant research value and application potential in the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. To address the challenges posed by the non-stationary nature and low signal-to-noise ratio of MI-EEG signals, this study proposed a Riemannian spatial filtering and domain adaptation (RSFDA) method for improving the accuracy and efficiency of cross-session MI-BCI classification tasks. The approach addressed the issue of inconsistent data distribution between source and target domains through a multi-module collaborative framework, which enhanced the generalization capability of cross-session MI-EEG classification models. Comparative experiments were conducted on three public datasets to evaluate RSFDA against eight existing methods in terms of classification accuracy and computational efficiency. The experimental results demonstrated that RSFDA achieved an average classification accuracy of 79.37%, outperforming the state-of-the-art deep learning method Tensor-CSPNet (76.46%) by 2.91% ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, the proposed method showed significantly lower computational costs, requiring only approximately 3 minutes of average training time compared to Tensor-CSPNet's 25 minutes, representing a reduction of 22 minutes. These findings indicate that the RSFDA method demonstrates superior performance in cross-session MI-EEG classification tasks by effectively balancing accuracy and efficiency. However, its applicability in complex transfer learning scenarios remains to be further investigated.
Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Imagination/physiology* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Movement/physiology* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Deep Learning ; Algorithms

As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention, a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). Most intestinal bacteria secrete BEVs, which harbor specific cargo molecules and exhibit diverse functions, encompassing interactions among bacteria themselves and between bacteria and the host. These interactions can either bolster host health or contribute to various pathologies. By integrating the characteristics of BEVs, we summarized the current research landscape, delving into the intricate interplay between BEVs and different diseases. Furthermore, we offer a succinct overview of the challenges faced in BEVs-based research, encompassing separation, detection, engineering for drug purposes, clinical diagnostics, safety, and future study. In essence, these summaries may serve as invaluable guides for BEVs as communication tools between the gut microbiome and host, ultimately propelling the discovery of novel studies and drug discovery.

Living systematic review (LSR) is a systematic review methodology that incorporates regular updates to integrate new evidence, aiming to rapidly reflect the latest research findings. Although LSRs are increasingly adopted in clinical fields, their reporting quality remains inconsistent and lack of standardized guidelines. To standardize LSR reporting, the PRISMA 2020 statement has released an extension checklist (PRISMA-LSR). This paper describes the background of PRISMA-LSR release and main revisions, and interprets it with examples, with the goal of guiding future LSR research and enhancing reporting quality.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of transarterial catheterization C-arm CT perfusion scanning technique during prostatic artery embolization(PAE)for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with BPH received PAE were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent prostatic artery(PA)digital subtraction angiography(DSA)and C-arm CT perfusion scanning to identify PA and prevent non-target organ embolization.The final recognization of PA was consulted by three senior doctors.After C-arm CT confirmation,PA was embolized with 100-300 μm polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)particles or microspheres under fluoroscopy.The postoperative complications and 3-month clinical efficacy were observed.Results A total of 106 vessels were angioraphed in 46 patients,with 83 PA vessels and 23 non-PA vessels.PA was identified by DSA and C-arm CT with sensitivity of 81.9%(68/83)and 100%(83/83),respectively,which showed significance(χ2=22.3,P<0.01).Non-PA was identified by DSA and C-arm CT with specificity of 73.9%(17/23)and 100%(23/23),which showed significance(χ2=9.2,P=0.02).No serious complications were observed and 3-month clincial efficacy was 91.3%.Conclusion Transarterial catheterization C-arm CT perfusion scanning technique can accurately identify PA,reduce PA leakage and prevent non-target organ embolization.

BACKGROUND:Most scholars now believe that children with cerebral palsy who have severe spinal deformities in early childhood(<15 years of age)may have a higher risk of progression of spinal deformities,which may result from imbalances in movement due to pelvic tilt,pain,etc. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between lumbar spine development and hip joint development in children with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in 102 children with spastic cerebral palsy admitted at Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2021.All admitted children had X-rays of the pelvic position and the lumbar lateral position.Anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis was performed to measure femoral head migration percentage,central edge angle,neck-shaft angle,and acetabular index.The sagittal Cobb angle,sacral slope,arch-top distance,and lumbar lordosis index were measured by the lateral X-ray of the lumbar spine.Correlation of the two sets of indicators was further analyzed.All children were divided into normal group,risk group,hip subluxation group and total hip dislocation group according to their femoral head migration percentage,and the differences in lumbar spine indexes between groups were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pearson correlation analysis showed that the femoral head migration percentage was moderately positively correlated with sagittal Cobb angle and arch-top distance,and weakly positively correlated with lumbar lordosis index;the central edge angle was moderately negatively correlated with the arch-top distance and weakly negatively correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle;the neck-shaft angle was weakly positively correlated or not correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle and lumbar lordosis index;and the acetabular index was weakly positively correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle and arch-top distance.No statistically significant correlation was found between the remaining indicators.According to the femoral head migration percentage,the children were divided into four groups,including 25 cases in the normal group,41 cases in the risk group,27 cases in the hip subluxation group,and 9 cases in the total hip dislocation group.The sagittal Cobb angle was significantly increased in the risk group,the hip subluxation group and the total hip dislocation group compared with the normal group,showing an increasing trend group by group,and there were significant differences between groups(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,the lumbar lordosis index in the risk group and the hip subluxation group increased significantly,and there were significant differences between groups(P<0.05).There was an increase trend in the lumbar lordosis index of the total hip dislocation group compared with the normal group.Compared with the normal group,the arch-top distance in the hip subluxation group and the total hip dislocation group increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was a stepwise increasing trend.There was no significant difference in sacral slope between groups.To conclude,the development of the lumbar spine in children with cerebral palsy is closely related to the development of the pelvic hip joint,and the most obvious relationship is between lumbar lordosis and hip dislocation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dynamic disinfection effect of the upper-room 222 nm ultraviolet radiation on the air in different areas of the emergency department, and to provide references for a new solution of air disinfection that man-machine coexisted in the medical and healthcare institutions. MethodsThe upper-room 222 nm ultraviolet radiation air sterilizers were installed at a height of 2.3‒2.6 m from the ground in the observation room, computed tomography (CT) scanning room, rescue room and consulting room of the emergency department in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University . The test area was divided into a 222 nm ultraviolet group and a control group according to whether the 222 nm ultraviolet germicidal air disinfection was conducted or not. The experimental group started air disinfection at8:00 a.m., and the air sampling was conducted from 9:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m., with a 10 min sampling interval of every 1 hour. While the control group only collected air sample with the same air sampling method used in the experimental group, without air disinfection. The air microbial sampler with six-level sieve impingement was used for the air sampling, and the differences in the total number of airborne bacterial colonies were compared between the two groups. ResultsA total of 128 air samples were collected in the trial, of which 64 were from the experimental group and 64 from the control group. The total number of airborne bacterial colonies in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.001), and was maintained at a lower level throughout the entire period. The killing rate of 222 nm ultraviolet radiation to airborne microorganisms was approximately 55.76% to 76.33% in different sampling areas. The qualified rates of the total number of dynamic airborne bacterial colonies in the observation room, rescue room and consulting room were improved from 12.50%, 37.50% and 25.00% to 81.25%, 100.00% and 100.00%, respectively (all P<0.001). Over 62.50% of the time, the air quality in the consulting room and CT room in the 222 nm ultraviolet group met the environment standards for airborne bacterial colony criteria of class Ⅰ or class Ⅱ. ConclusionThe upper-room222 nm ultraviolet radiation germicidal disinfection can effectively reduce the total number of airborne bacterial colonies and improve the environment for emergency department, and the continuous using of it is helpful for keeping the air safe and clean.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

To investigate the initial experience of coated metal ureteral stent(CMUS)for treatment of pelvic lipomatosis induced hydronephrosis(PLH).The clinical and follow-up data of 8 patients who were diagnosed as PLH treated with CMUS in Peking University People's Hospital from August 2018 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Inclusion criteria included:Imaging evidence of excessive adipose tissue around the bladder in the pelvic cavity,bladder elevation in an"inverted pear shape",and bladder wall thickening;Cystoscopy indicated follicular hyperplasia of bladder mucosa and biopsy pathology indicated glandular cystitis;Unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis and ureteromegaly.Exclusion criteria included:Ureteral atresia;Recurrent obstruction of the bladder outlet.Preoperative baseline data included age,gender,serum creatinine,pelvis width and ureteric stent symptoms questionnaire(USSQ)score.Intraoperative data included the location and length of ureteral stenosis observed by retrograde urography.Postoperative follow-up data included serum creatinine,pelvis width,and USSQ score.In the study,8 patients(11 sides)with PLH were all male,with an average age of(38.7±8.6)years.Uni-lateral hydronephrosis was found in 5 cases and bilateral hydronephrosis in 3 cases.Preoperative mean serum creatinine was(90.0±10.3)μmol/L,and the mean renal pelvis width was(3.0±1.5)cm.The lower ureteral stricture was found in all cases,and the mean stricture length was(1.9±0.9)cm.Before operation,3 patients had ureteral Double-J stents,with USSQ scores of 97.0,68.0 and 100.0,respectively.Five patients underwent retrograde CMUS stenting,and 3 patients retrograde and antegrade.At the last follow-up,the average serum creatinine was(82.0±11.1)μmol/L and the mean renal pel-vis width was(1.9±0.5)cm,which were significantly lower than those before operation(t=3.12,P=0.02;t=3.23,P=0.02).In the 3 patients with Double-J stent before surgery,the USSQ scores were 87.0,62.0 and 89.0,respectively,which were significantly improved after CMUS stenting.The average follow-up time was(10.0±6.3)months.During the follow-up,1 patient developed CMUS re-lated symptoms,and no stent-associated infection and stent encrustation were found.In one case,the stent migrated to the bladder 3 months after operation,and the hydronephrosis disappeared after 3 months follow-up.CMUS stenting for treatment of PLH has certain efficacy and safety,which can explore a new therapeutic method for the long-term treatment of PLH.

OBJECTIVE: To assess health related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with kidney stones and to predict risk factors for reduced HRQOL in the patients by the Chinese version of Wisconsin stone quality of life questionnaire (C-WISQOL). METHODS: The patients with renal stones admitted to Peking University People ' s Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were prospectively enrolled. The inclusion criteria included the patients with renal stones aged 18-80 years and sufficient Chinese language foundation, and the exclusion criteria included the patients with internal ureteral stents, malignant tumors, sepsis, etc. Demographic data and clinical data related to kidney stones were collected, and the C-WISQOL and the short form 36 health survey (SF-36) questionnaire completed by the patients was recorded. C-WISQOL included four domains (D): emotional impact (D1), social impact (D2), stone-related impact (D3) and vitality impact (D4). Cronbach ' s α coefficient was used to verify the internal consistency of C-WISQOL, Spearman ' s rho coefficient was used to verify the criterion validity between C-WISQOL and SF-36 questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the structural validity, convergent validity and discrimination validity of C-WISQOL, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the risk factors leading to the decline of HRQOL in the patients with kidney stones. RESULTS: The study included 307 patients with kidney stones, of whom 212 (69.1%) were male, with a mean age of (51.9±13.5) years, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (25.4±3.6) kg/m². 160 (52.1%) patients were complicated with metabolic syndrome (MS), 202 (65.8%) had history of calculi, 217 (70.7%) had calculi related symptoms, 53 (17.3%) had bilateral renal calculi, 82 (26.7%) had ureteral calculi, 199 (64.8%) had hydronephrosis, 78 (25.4%) had renal insufficiency, and urinary tract infection (UTI) was found in 168 patients (54.7%) with an average diameter of (15.6±5.9) mm. The mean total score of C-WISQOL questionnaire for all the patients was (94.9±13.7) points, D1 was (27.2±4.2) points, D2 was (23.8±3.7) points, D3 was (27.0±3.6) points, and D4 was (10.1±1.9) points. The Cronbach ' s α coefficient of the total score of C-WISQOL questionnaire was 0.968 and the four dimensions ranged from 0.860 to 0.898. The Spearman' s rho co- efficient between C-WISQOL and SF-36 total score was 0.564, and the Spearman' s rho coefficient between dimensions was 0.684-0.901, indicating that C-WISQOL had good internal consistency and criterion validity. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that C-WISQOL had good structural validity, convergent validity and discrimination validity. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with MS (OR=1.607, P < 0.001), calculi related symptoms (OR=1.268, P < 0.001), bilateral kidney stones (OR=1.900, P < 0.001), combined with ureteral calculi (OR=1.018, P < 0.001), accompanied by hydronephrosis (OR=1.685, P < 0.001), and UTI (OR=1.275, P < 0.001) were risk factors for decreased HRQOL in the patients with kidney stones, and multivariate analysis showed that the patients with MS (OR=1.475, P < 0.001), calculi related symptoms (OR=1.546, P=0.043) and UTI (OR=1.646, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for HRQOL decline in the patients with renal calculi. The t-test results showed that C-WISQOL scores were significantly higher in the patients without MS, stone-related symptoms and UTI than those in the patients with associated risk factors (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION C-WISQOL the questionnaire can be used to evaluate the HRQOL of patients with kidney stones with good reliability. The combination of MS, stone-related symptoms and UTI were independent risk factors for HRQOL reduction in the patients with renal stones.
Humans ; Quality of Life ; Kidney Calculi/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Aged, 80 and over ; Language ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab added to second-line therapy after drug- eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DTACE) combined with apatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 89 HCC patients with camrelizumab added to second-line therapy who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2019 to December 2020. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after the application of camrelizumab, and the secondary endpoints were objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, the Log-rank test was used for stratified analysis of subgroups based on baseline characteristics, and the influencing factors for prognosis were analyzed. Results A total of 89 patients were screened and followed up in this study. The patients were followed up to December 2021, with a median follow-up time of 16 months, a median OS time of 17.0 (95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 15.3-18.7) months, and a median PFS time of 7.0 (95% CI : 6.2-7.8) months. There were significant differences in OS and PFS between the patients with different ECOG-PS scores, liver function Child-Pugh classes, portal vein invasion, patterns of progression, times of DTACE treatment, durations of oral administration of apatinib, and durations of application of camrelizumab (all P < 0.05). At 3 and 6 months after the application of camrelizumab, ORR was 39.3% and 22.4%, respectively, and DCR was 80.9% and 54.1%, respectively. The univariate analysis using the Log-rank test showed that compared with the patients receiving 0 time of DTACE treatment, the patients receiving 3-4 or 1-2 times of DTACE treatment had significant improvements in median OS [22.0 (95% CI : 21.1-22.9) months and 17.0 (95% CI : 15.8-18.2) months vs 10.0 (95% CI : 7.0-13.0) months, χ 2 =31.423, P < 0.001] and PFS [10.0 (95% CI : 7.0-13.0) months and 7.0 (95% CI : 6.2-7.8) months vs 3.0 (95% CI : 1.9-4.1) months, χ 2 =20.741, P < 0.001]; compared with the patients using apatinib for ≤4 months, the patients using apatinib for > 4 months had significant improvements in median OS [21.0 (95% CI : 19.1-22.9) months vs 14.0 (95% CI : 10.4-17.6) months, χ 2 =19.399, P < 0.001] and PFS [9.0 (95% CI : 7.3-10.7) months vs 5.0 (95% CI : 4.0-6.0) months, χ 2 =27.733, P < 0.001]; compared with the patients using camrelizumab for ≤5 months, the patients using camrelizumab for > 5 months had significant improvements in median OS [22.0 (95% CI : 20.2-23.8) months vs 13.0 (95% CI : 9.3-16.7) months, χ 2 =22.336, P < 0.001] and PFS [9.0 (95% CI : 7.0-11.0) months vs 5.0 (95% CI : 4.1-5.9) months, χ 2 =26.141, P < 0.001]. Post-embolization syndrome was the adverse event after DTACE and resolved after symptomatic treatment. Adverse reactions related to targeted drugs and immunotherapy all resolved after symptomatic supportive treatment, with no grade ≥4 adverse reactions, and no patients withdrew from target-free therapy due to TRAEs. Conclusion As for DTACE combined with apatinib in the treatment of unresectable HCC, camrelizumab added after progression has a marked therapeutic efficacy with safe and controllable TRAEs.