Animal model research on spleen and stomach diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is of great significance for elucidating the nature of diseases and syndromes and for revealing the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicinals. At present， studies on classical TCM syndrome models of spleen and stomach diseases mainly focus on spleen deficiency syndrome， liver constraint syndrome， and damp-heat syndrome. Model construction is mostly based on the etiological and pathophysiological characteristics of syndrome， and model evaluation primarily involves macroscopic manifestations and physicochemical indicators. This paper summarizes the current research status of animal models integrating disease and syndrome for seven common spleen and stomach diseases， including chronic gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions， gastroesophageal reflux disease， functional dyspepsia， inflammatory bowel disease， irritable bowel syndrome， functional constipation， and functional diarrhea. The modeling methods and characteristics of disease-syndrome combined animal models for each disease are analyzed. It is proposed that future research on disease-syndrome integration in spleen and stomach diseases should move toward syste-matic， precise， and integrative development， and that interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research approaches should be adopted to enhance the predictive value and application efficiency of disease-syndrome combined animal models.

Objective To compare the efficacy of uterine artery embolization(UAE)combined with dilation and curettage(D&C)versus high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)combined with D&C in patients with cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods A total of 106 CSP patients treated at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital were selected.They were divided into the UAE group(n=55)and the HIFU group(n=51)according to the treatment methods.The general clinical data,operation duration,and blood loss during D&C procedure were statistically compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.Results Overall analysis revealed that the operation duration and blood loss were lower in the UAE group than that in the HIFU group(P＜0.05).Stratified analysis showed no significant difference in operation duration during D&C between the UAE group and the HIFU group for patients with mild CSP(type Ⅰ)(P=0.552).The blood loss of D&C in the UAE group was less than that in the HIFU group(P=0.030).In severe CSP patients(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ),both operation duration and blood loss during D&C were significantly lower in the UAE group than those in the HIFU group.Conclusion UAE may be more advantageous in treating patients with severe CSP(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ)due to shorter operative time and less bleeding.

In order to establish a serological method for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus,the prokaryotic expression of four proteins of BRSV,G,F,P,and M was carried out,and the most suitable coating antigen was screened to establish an indirect ELISA detection method.The results showed that the four recombinant proteins of BRSV,rG,rF,rP and rM were successfully expressed.The results of checkerboard screening showed that the P/N value of rG protein was the largest,which was determined to be the best coating antigen established by indirect ELISA meth-od.The optimal reaction conditions for indirect ELISA were as follows:the mass concentration of rG protein coating was 1 mg/L,37℃ for 2 h;3％BSA 37℃ block for 1 h;Serum was diluted 1∶50 and incubated at 37℃ for 1h;Secondary antibody 1∶5 000 dilution,37℃ for 30min;The color development conditions of the substrate were 37℃ for 15 min;Thirty negative sera were selected,and the cut-off value was determined to be 0.63 by the established indirect ELISA method.The re-sults of the specificity test showed that the indirect ELISA method established in this test only recognized BRSV-positive serum,and did not react with IBRV,BCoV,and BPIV3-positive serum.The results of repeatability test showed that the method had good repeatability,and the coefficient of variation within and between batches was less than 10％.The results of the sensitivity test showed that the BRSV-positive serum was still positive when diluted to 1∶8 192.The indirect ELISA method established in this experiment was used to detect 100 clinical serum samples at the same time,and the total coincidence rate of the two reached 90.48％,the positive coincidence rate was 93.42％,and the negative coincidence rate was 82.75％.The indirect ELISA established in this test can be used for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of bone-cartilage integration scaffolds differs significantly from that of natural bone-cartilage tissue,which can lead to a stress shield effect.As a result,the implants become loose and deformed,affecting the repair of osteochondral tissue.Cell gradient scaffolds made by axial direction three-period minimal surface have the same porosity and elasticity modulus as the human body,which provides a new idea for bone-cartilage scaffold design.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of cell type and pore size on the mechanical properties of cell gradient scaffolds.METHODS:Three basic cells of Gyroid(G)type,Diamond(D)type,and Primitive(P)type were used.Through mathematical modeling of three-period minimal surface,different sizes and types of cells were used in the gradient region.A total of six kinds of cell gradient scaffolds(G-2P-4D,P-2D-4G,D-2P-4D,G-2D-4P,P-2G-4D,and D-2G-4P)were constructed and mechanical experiments and simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the scaffolds.Flow performance parameters of the fluids in the scaffolds were obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finite element mechanical simulation and compression experiment showed that P-2G-4D and P-2D-4G with the highest elastic modulus(148.67 MPa and 152.1 MPa),bearing a higher body load,improved the stability of the scaffold.The stress distribution in D-2P-4G was even and effectively reduced stress concentration,so that the connection function area could effectively transfer stress and reduce stress shielding.Flow rate was changing the least in G-2D-4P(0.10-0.48 mm/s).Permeability was higher than other scaffolds so that body fluids were able to flow though the gradient scaffold after implantation.This design method provides a new idea for the design of osteochondral scaffolds,and the simulation analysis results also provide a reference for the prediction of bone integration after implantation of scaffolds.

AIM: To analyze the reasons and clinical outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange.METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 47 patients(53 eyes)who underwent IOL exchange surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between April 2020 and May 2024, aged from 5 to 87(44.8±3.6)years old. Patients' demographics, surgical indications, surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), as well as postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The reasons for IOL exchange included refractive error(18 cases, 23 eyes, 43%), IOL dislocation(12 cases, 13 eyes, 25%), IOL opacification(12 cases, 12 eyes, 23%), neuroadaptation failure(3 cases, 3 eyes, 6%), and patient dissatisfaction with visual quality(2 cases, 2 eyes, 4%). The surgical techniques for IOL exchange included in-the-bag IOL fixation(16 eyes, 30%), ciliary sulcus fixation(27 eyes, 51%), and scleral suture fixation(10 eyes, 19%). There was statistical significant difference between preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)and UCVA(LogMAR)at 1 d postoperatively(1.03±0.64 vs 0.50±0.46, P<0.05), and there was statistical significant difference between preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)and BCVA(LogMAR)at 1 mo postoperatively(0.41±0.37 vs 0.17±0.21, P<0.05). Postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification in 2 eyes and IOL dislocation in 1 eye.CONCLUSION:Refractive error, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification were the three most common reasons for IOL exchange. Although less frequent, factors such as neuroadaptation issues associated with multifocal IOLs and patient-reported visual quality dissatisfaction reflect growing expectations for improved visual outcomes. IOL exchange surgery, though technically challenging, demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy and a low complication rate, representing an effective intervention for managing postoperative IOL-related issues following cataract surgery.

In order to establish a serological method for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus,the prokaryotic expression of four proteins of BRSV,G,F,P,and M was carried out,and the most suitable coating antigen was screened to establish an indirect ELISA detection method.The results showed that the four recombinant proteins of BRSV,rG,rF,rP and rM were successfully expressed.The results of checkerboard screening showed that the P/N value of rG protein was the largest,which was determined to be the best coating antigen established by indirect ELISA meth-od.The optimal reaction conditions for indirect ELISA were as follows:the mass concentration of rG protein coating was 1 mg/L,37℃ for 2 h;3％BSA 37℃ block for 1 h;Serum was diluted 1∶50 and incubated at 37℃ for 1h;Secondary antibody 1∶5 000 dilution,37℃ for 30min;The color development conditions of the substrate were 37℃ for 15 min;Thirty negative sera were selected,and the cut-off value was determined to be 0.63 by the established indirect ELISA method.The re-sults of the specificity test showed that the indirect ELISA method established in this test only recognized BRSV-positive serum,and did not react with IBRV,BCoV,and BPIV3-positive serum.The results of repeatability test showed that the method had good repeatability,and the coefficient of variation within and between batches was less than 10％.The results of the sensitivity test showed that the BRSV-positive serum was still positive when diluted to 1∶8 192.The indirect ELISA method established in this experiment was used to detect 100 clinical serum samples at the same time,and the total coincidence rate of the two reached 90.48％,the positive coincidence rate was 93.42％,and the negative coincidence rate was 82.75％.The indirect ELISA established in this test can be used for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in clinical practice.

Objective To compare the efficacy of uterine artery embolization(UAE)combined with dilation and curettage(D&C)versus high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)combined with D&C in patients with cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods A total of 106 CSP patients treated at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital were selected.They were divided into the UAE group(n=55)and the HIFU group(n=51)according to the treatment methods.The general clinical data,operation duration,and blood loss during D&C procedure were statistically compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.Results Overall analysis revealed that the operation duration and blood loss were lower in the UAE group than that in the HIFU group(P＜0.05).Stratified analysis showed no significant difference in operation duration during D&C between the UAE group and the HIFU group for patients with mild CSP(type Ⅰ)(P=0.552).The blood loss of D&C in the UAE group was less than that in the HIFU group(P=0.030).In severe CSP patients(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ),both operation duration and blood loss during D&C were significantly lower in the UAE group than those in the HIFU group.Conclusion UAE may be more advantageous in treating patients with severe CSP(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ)due to shorter operative time and less bleeding.

BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of bone-cartilage integration scaffolds differs significantly from that of natural bone-cartilage tissue,which can lead to a stress shield effect.As a result,the implants become loose and deformed,affecting the repair of osteochondral tissue.Cell gradient scaffolds made by axial direction three-period minimal surface have the same porosity and elasticity modulus as the human body,which provides a new idea for bone-cartilage scaffold design.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of cell type and pore size on the mechanical properties of cell gradient scaffolds.METHODS:Three basic cells of Gyroid(G)type,Diamond(D)type,and Primitive(P)type were used.Through mathematical modeling of three-period minimal surface,different sizes and types of cells were used in the gradient region.A total of six kinds of cell gradient scaffolds(G-2P-4D,P-2D-4G,D-2P-4D,G-2D-4P,P-2G-4D,and D-2G-4P)were constructed and mechanical experiments and simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the scaffolds.Flow performance parameters of the fluids in the scaffolds were obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finite element mechanical simulation and compression experiment showed that P-2G-4D and P-2D-4G with the highest elastic modulus(148.67 MPa and 152.1 MPa),bearing a higher body load,improved the stability of the scaffold.The stress distribution in D-2P-4G was even and effectively reduced stress concentration,so that the connection function area could effectively transfer stress and reduce stress shielding.Flow rate was changing the least in G-2D-4P(0.10-0.48 mm/s).Permeability was higher than other scaffolds so that body fluids were able to flow though the gradient scaffold after implantation.This design method provides a new idea for the design of osteochondral scaffolds,and the simulation analysis results also provide a reference for the prediction of bone integration after implantation of scaffolds.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum levels of procalcitonin(PCT)and cytokines on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 at admission.Methods From November 2022 to February 2023,patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital were enrolled.Chemiluminescence was used to detect serum PCT levels,and flow microsphere array was used to detect serum cytokines IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-22,TNF-α,TNF-β,IFN-γ level.ICU admission,mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death were defined as poor prognosis.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.Results A total of 176 patients with complete data were included,including 134 in the PCT-normal group and 42 in the PCT-elevated group,with a median age of 71.50 years and 71.59%males.Patients in the PCT elevated-group had significantly higher rates of ICU admission(38.41%vs.13.11%,P<0.05),mechanical ventilation(76.92%vs.24.59%,P<0.001)and in-hospital mortality(38.46%vs.6.56%,P<0.001)were significantly higher than those in the PCT-normal group.Serum levels of cytokines IL-6(7.40 pg/mL vs.4.78 pg/mL,P = 0.033 4)and IL-8(10.97 pg/mL vs.5.92 pg/mL,P<0.001)were significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis.The area under the curve for PCT,IL-6,and IL-8 to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients was 0.687,0.660,and 0.746,respectively;sensitivity was 52.78%,55.17%,and 72.41%,respectively;and specificity was 81.58%,74.19%,and 74.19%,respectively,as calculated from the ROC curve.When PCT,IL-6 and IL-8 jointly predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients,the area under the curve is 0.764,the sensitivity is 70.00%,and the specificity is 80.00%.Conclusion Serum PCT and cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as predictive markers for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Hand osteoarthritis(HOA)is a disease of hand joint disorders,mainly manifested by hand interphalangeal joint and thumb carpal metacarpal joint pain,swelling,morning stiffness,limited movement,and even deformity,belonging to the category of TCM"bone arthralgia".The authors believe that HOA is more common with Taiyang Shaoyang disease,suitable for simultaneous treatment for Taiyang and Shaoyang,to operate the cardinal,regulate qi,blood,nutritive and defensive levels,dispel wind and cold,remove dampness and arthralgia,using modified Chaihu Guizhi Decoction,with confirmed efficacy.