Objective: To investigate the effects of different storage temperatures and durations on the activities of coagulation factor Ⅷ (Factor Ⅷ, FⅧ) and coagulation factor Ⅸ (Factor Ⅸ, FⅨ) after whole blood collection, so as to provide data support for the optimal storage conditions. Methods: A total of 16 mL of whole blood was collected from each of the 20 healthy volunteers at our blood center and aliquoted into 8 sodium citrate anticoagulant tubes. Two tubes were immediately centrifuged for the measurement of FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The remaining 6 tubes of whole blood were respectively stored under room temperature and low-temperature conditions. At 2, 4, and 6 h, the whole blood samples were centrifuged and analyzed for FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The mean values of the two immediately tested tubes were used as the control group, while other tubes were designated as the experimental groups for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The activity of FⅧ in whole blood remained stable after 4 hours of storage at both room temperature and low temperature (116.53±25.95 vs 125.22±27.33, 109.77±23.23 vs 125.22±27.33) (P>0.05 for both). However, by 6 hours, FⅧ activity showed a statistically significant decline compared to the control group (108.65±22.92 vs 125.22±27.33, 100.46±20.19 vs 125.22±27.33) (P<0.05 for both), though the room temperature group results were closer to the control values. The activity of FⅨ in whole blood remained stable after 6 hours of storage under both conditions (97.14±19.48 vs 96.76±19.67, 97.10±17.45 vs 96.76±19.6) (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: For whole blood samples after collection, storage at either room temperature or low temperature for up to 4 hours does not compromise the accuracy of test results. When stored for 6 hours, FⅨ activity remains stable, whereas FⅧ activity decreases significantly. Notably, FⅧ activity demonstrates better stability at room temperature than under low-temperature conditions within the 6-hour storage.

The intestinal flora and its metabolites are closely bound up with the metabolism and immune function of human body and at the meantime affect the metabolisms of nutrients and drugs,which play an important role in maintaining the physiological function.As the largest reservoir of microorganisms within the human body,the intestinal flora play a vital role in maintaining the health.Numerous studies have shown that the alteration of intestinal flora may not only affect the emergence of gastrointestinal diseases but also has impact on the common diseases of multiple systems,it may mediate the emergence and development of relevant diseases through gut-kid-ney axis,gut-liver axis,and gut-brain axis,and interact with the diseases.As a traditional Chinese medicine ex-ternal therapy,the traditional Chinese medicine enema therapy has remarkable advantages in treatment of various clinical diseases and shows significant effect on improvement of intestinal flora imbalance during the disease pro-gression.The effect of the traditional Chinese medicine enema therapy on improving the intestinal flora imbalance of the patients during the process of emergence and development of the common diseases is reviewed in the article.

This study aims to investigate the isolate and identify of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV)in chickens,and study its genetic variation and pathogenicity.In 2023,two strains named CK/CH/HN/SQ202301 and CK/CH/HN/SQ202302 were obtained from suspected infectious bronchitis(IB)infected materials collected in a region of Henan Province,China.Further analysis showed that the two isolates belong to the G Ⅰ-13 and GⅥ genotypes,respectively.The cleavage sites of S protein were all RRSRR.The prediction of glycosylation sites showed that the two isolates had 18 and 12 N-glycosylation sites respectively,but no O-glycosylation site.Recombinant analysis shows that C2023-1 was a recombinant strain.Pathogenicity was assessed by infecting 1-day-old SPF chicks with the two isolates,and the results showed that C2023-1 strain infection could cause clini-cal symptoms such as depression and head shaking,as well as death in chicks,with a mortality rate of 37.5％.There were no clinical symptoms or deaths after infection with C2023-2 strain.Viral load test results showed that both isolates continued to detoxify until the 10th day,and had strong rep-lication capacity in the kidney,trachea and bursa of Fabricius.The results indicate significant differences in the genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of the two isolates due to their different genotypes.This study not only provides new epidemiological data on IB,which contributes to a bet-ter understanding of IBV's epidemiological features and control challenges,but also adds valuable bioinformatics resources for IBV by analyzing its variation mechanisms and biological information.

To verify whether the two B-cell epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 in the FAdV-4 WZ fiber can be used as candidate epitopes for multivalent epitope vaccines,epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 were tandemly linked with the chicken infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 S1 protein gene in different patterns,and a recombinant fusion plasmid was constructed and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).It was confirmed by Western blot and ELISA tests that all four expressed fusion proteins reacted specific-ally with anti-M41 whole virus serum and WZ strain anti-Fiber 2-knob protein serum.After purifi-cation and immunization of BALB/c mice,specific antibodies against the peptide epitopes were de-tected in mouse sera.The results showed that the Pep4 epitope induced a stronger immune re-sponse than the Pep1 epitope.When Pep1 was connected with the amino and carboxyl termini of the fusion protein,respectively,both resulted in the production of the same level of anti-Pep1 anti-bodies in the immunized animals,whereas when Pep4 was connected with the carboxyl terminus of the fusion protein,the immunized animals produced a higher level of anti-Pep4-specific antibodies.This research indicates that the B cell epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 of the reactive WZ strain Fiber 2,when conjugated with proteins to form fusion proteins,can enhance the immunogenicity of Pep1 and Pep4 without affecting the antigenicity of the carrier protein.This study provides technical support and serves as a reference for the design and development of a multivalent epitope vaccine for FAdV-4.

Objective:To observe the effects of 12.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) solutions at various concentrations on gastric emptying, in order to determine the optimal MCT-CHO combination for enhanced recovery after surgery.Methods:This study was a prospective study. Ten healthy volunteers were selected to ingest 400 ml of the following 5 solutions every day: water, 12.5% CHO, 1% MCT, 2% MCT and 4% MCT. According to the above results, the optimal concentration of MCT solution was 2% MCT, showing comparable gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. On this basis, combinations of MCT and CHO solutions were determined to be 30 energy % (EN%) MCT+70 EN% CHO and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO according to the energy distribution ratio. Then the volunteers were given 400 ml of the following 4 solutions every day: 12.5% CHO, 2% MCT, 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO (equivalent to 2% MCT+8% CHO), and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO (equivalent to 4.4% MCT+10% CHO). Gastric emptying during fasting (T m) and immediately (T 1), 30 min (T 2), 60 min (T 3), 90 min (T 4) and 120 min after ingestion (T 5) were observed by antral ultrasonography. The degree of thirst, hunger, and anxiety was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale, and the taste was rated. Results:The gastric emptying rate in descending order was 20%EN MCT+80%EN CHO group>30%EN MCT+70%EN CHO group≈2％MCT group≈12.5%CHO group. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying rate between 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group and 12.5% CHO group ( P>0.05). The scores of thirst, hunger and anxiety in 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group at T 1 to T 5 were significantly lower than those at T m ( P<0.05). 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group showed the highest taste score. Conclusion:30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO solution has similar gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. It can relieve thirst, hunger, anxiety and other subjective feelings caused by fasting, with tastes better than 12.5% CHO solution.

To verify whether the two B-cell epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 in the FAdV-4 WZ fiber can be used as candidate epitopes for multivalent epitope vaccines,epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 were tandemly linked with the chicken infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 S1 protein gene in different patterns,and a recombinant fusion plasmid was constructed and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).It was confirmed by Western blot and ELISA tests that all four expressed fusion proteins reacted specific-ally with anti-M41 whole virus serum and WZ strain anti-Fiber 2-knob protein serum.After purifi-cation and immunization of BALB/c mice,specific antibodies against the peptide epitopes were de-tected in mouse sera.The results showed that the Pep4 epitope induced a stronger immune re-sponse than the Pep1 epitope.When Pep1 was connected with the amino and carboxyl termini of the fusion protein,respectively,both resulted in the production of the same level of anti-Pep1 anti-bodies in the immunized animals,whereas when Pep4 was connected with the carboxyl terminus of the fusion protein,the immunized animals produced a higher level of anti-Pep4-specific antibodies.This research indicates that the B cell epitopes Pep1 and Pep4 of the reactive WZ strain Fiber 2,when conjugated with proteins to form fusion proteins,can enhance the immunogenicity of Pep1 and Pep4 without affecting the antigenicity of the carrier protein.This study provides technical support and serves as a reference for the design and development of a multivalent epitope vaccine for FAdV-4.

The intestinal flora and its metabolites are closely bound up with the metabolism and immune function of human body and at the meantime affect the metabolisms of nutrients and drugs,which play an important role in maintaining the physiological function.As the largest reservoir of microorganisms within the human body,the intestinal flora play a vital role in maintaining the health.Numerous studies have shown that the alteration of intestinal flora may not only affect the emergence of gastrointestinal diseases but also has impact on the common diseases of multiple systems,it may mediate the emergence and development of relevant diseases through gut-kid-ney axis,gut-liver axis,and gut-brain axis,and interact with the diseases.As a traditional Chinese medicine ex-ternal therapy,the traditional Chinese medicine enema therapy has remarkable advantages in treatment of various clinical diseases and shows significant effect on improvement of intestinal flora imbalance during the disease pro-gression.The effect of the traditional Chinese medicine enema therapy on improving the intestinal flora imbalance of the patients during the process of emergence and development of the common diseases is reviewed in the article.

The improvement of hemophilia treatment is attributed to the development of transfusion medicine, and the discovery of cryoprecipitate has opened up a new era of hemophilia treatment, laying the foundation for the development of modern hemophilia therapies. But with the further improvement of hemophilia treatment and the emergence of new treatment methods, transfusion medicine no longer plays a dominant role in hemophilia treatment. The new technologies and methods for hemophilia treatment can provide reference for the development of transfusion medicine, thereby better serving clinical practice and patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of an optimized three-dimensional inversion-recovery with real reconstruction (3D-real IR) sequence with a longer repetition time (TR, 16 000 ms) based on modulated flip angle technique in refocused imaging with extended echo train (MATRIX) in the endolymphatic hydrops (EH) imaging after intratympanic gadolinium (Gd) administration, and to compare it with a conventional 3D-real IR based on the turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. Methods From July 2021 to November 2022, twenty-seven patients received both the conventional and optimized 3D-real IR sequences after bilateral intratympanic Gd administration. Images of the two sequences were qualitativly evaluated and compared. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and area ratio of endolymph against the total lymphatic space from the two sequences were measured and compared. Results 14(25.9%) ears with insufficient contrast for the EH diagnosis on the conventional sequence were clearly displayed on the optimized sequence. Image score, CNR and SNR of the optimized sequence were significantly higher than those of the conventional sequence (P ＜ 0.001). The scanning time of two sequences was similar. The area ratio of endolymph against the total lymphatic space in the cochlear was significantly higher on the conventional 3D-real IR than that on the optimized 3D-real IR (P ＜ 0.001); there was no statistical difference in the vestibule between the two sequences. Conclusions Compared with conventional sequence, optimized 3D-real IR sequence with a longer TR may be better for evaluation of EH after intratympanic Gd administration.

Objective To investigate the value of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technology for intravenous gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear using three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequence. Methods The patients received gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using ACS and united compressed sensing (uCS) 3D-FLAIR at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January to November 2024 were prospectively enrolled. The repetition time was 16 000 ms, and acquisition time was 6 min 40 s and 10 min 24 s in ACS 3D-FLAIR and uCS 3D-FLAIR, respectively. The images on the two sequences were evaluated independently by two radiologists. The image quality of the two sequences was subjectively evaluated and compared. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between the two sequences. The grading consistencies using two sequences and between the two doctors were analyzed. Results There was no statistically difference in subjective score of image quality between the two sequences. SNR and CNR of the ACS 3D-FLAIR sequence were significantly higher than those of the uCS 3D-FLAIR sequence (P＜0.001). The kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops were 0.942 and 0.888 using two sequences (P＜0.001). The kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops using the ACS 3D-FLAIR sequence between the two doctors were 0.784 and 0.831, respectively (P＜0.001); the kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops using uCS 3D-FLAIR sequence between the two doctors were 0.725 and 0.756, respectively (P＜0.001). Conclusions ACS 3D-FLAIR could provide higher SNR and CNR than uCS 3D-FLAIR, and is more suitable for intravenous gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear; the endolymphatic hydrops grades using ACS 3D-FLAIR is similar to use uCS 3D-FLAIR.