Voluntary contribution has become the only source of donor lungs in China since 2015. To elaborate the outcomes of patients awaiting lung transplantation (LTx) after the implementation of donation after brain death, we performed a retrospective study that encompassed 205 patients with end-stage lung disease who registered for LTx at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2021. A total of 180 patients were enrolled in the study. The median waiting time was 1.25 months. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) (103/180, 57.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (56/180, 31.1%) were the most common diseases in our study population. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of patients in the died-waiting group was higher than that of the survivors (53.29±21.71 mmHg vs. 42.11±18.58 mmHg, P=0.002). The mortality of patients with ILD (34/103, 33.00%) was nearly twice that of patients with COPD (10/56, 17.86%) while awaiting LTx (P=0.041). In the died-waiting group, patients with ILD had a shorter median waiting time than patients with COPD after being listed (0.865 months vs. 4.720 months, P=0.030). ILD as primary disease and mPAP > 35 mmHg were two significant independent risk factors for waitlist mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 3.483 (95% CI 1.311-9.111; P=0.011) and 3.500 (95% CI 1.435-8.536; P=0.006). Hence, LTx is more urgently needed in patients with ILD and pulmonary hypertension.
Humans ; Brain Death ; Retrospective Studies ; China ; Lung Transplantation ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/surgery*

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach (DAA) in lateral decubitus in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by Kaschin-Beck disease and congenital acetabular dysplasia.Methods:The prospective study method was used to select the patients who needed hip arthroplasty in the Fourth Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019. All of them were operated with lateral decubitus DAA. According to the inclusion criteria, they were divided into Kacshin-Beck disease hip osteoarthritis group (group A) and congenital acetabular dysplasia hip osteoarthritis group (group B). Hip Harris score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score were conducted, and hip abduction angle and flexion angle were measured before surgery, 3, 14 days and 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery.Results:Nineteen and twenty-two patients were included in group A and group B, respectively. All patients successfully completed the surgery. There was no significant difference in Harris score between the two groups before surgery, 3, 14 days, and 1, 12 months after surgery ( P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in WOMAC score, VAS score, hip abduction angle and hip flexion angle between the two groups before surgery and each time point after surgery ( P > 0.05). In the same group, there were significant differences in Harris score, WOMAC score, VAS score, hip abduction angle and hip flexion angle at different time points ( P < 0.001). All postoperative indicators were significantly improved compared with those before surgery. Conclusions:There is no significant difference in the clinical effects of hip arthroplasty through lateral decubitus DAA in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by Kaschin-Beck disease and congenital acetabular dysplasia. This surgical method has good therapeutic effect on both types of hip osteoarthritis.

Objective:To analyze the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of Salmonella isolates recovered from meat products in Beijing wholesale markets. Methods:A total of 336 Salmonella strains from meat products collected from wholesale markets in Beijing were tested for antimicrobial resistance to 25 antimicrobial compounds by micro-broth dilution method; whole genome data were sequenced, followed by the serotype and ST type prediction by Seqsero2 and SISTR software, and the drug resistance genes and virulence factors were also predicted with CARD and VFDB databases of Abricate software; Salmonella serotyping assay kit and serum agglutination method were used for serotype confirmation of some isolates with different genome prediction results. Results:The resistance rates to Nalidixic acid and Ampicillin were 62.5% (210/336) and 55.1% (185/336), respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to Tigecyclin, Cefoxitin and Carbapenem antimicrobial compounds; 207 isolates (61.6%, 207/336) were multi-drug resistant, some could even be resistant to ten categories of drugs at the same time, and the most common antimicrobial resistance spectrum was NAL-AMP-SAM. A total of 24 serotypes were detected with predominant serotypes of Enteritidis (34.5%, 116/336), Derby (17.3%, 58/336) and Indiana (10.4%, 35/336). A total of 27 ST types were detected, the dominant type was ST11; ST types were in good consistency with serotypes; The detection rates of resistant genes referred to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, sulfonamides and tetracyclines are more than 48%, and the first two reached 100%. The prediction of drug resistance genes was consistent with the results of antimicrobial resistance phenotype. A total of 122 virulence genes were predicted, 74 of which existing among all isolates.Conclusion:Salmonella in meat from the wholesale markets of Beijing has a high proportion of multiple drug resistance, a complex drug resistance spectrum, a variety of serotypes and ST types, and a high carrying rate of drug resistance gene and virulence gene; drug resistance phenotype and genotype are relatively consistent.

Objective:To analyze the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of Salmonella isolates recovered from meat products in Beijing wholesale markets. Methods:A total of 336 Salmonella strains from meat products collected from wholesale markets in Beijing were tested for antimicrobial resistance to 25 antimicrobial compounds by micro-broth dilution method; whole genome data were sequenced, followed by the serotype and ST type prediction by Seqsero2 and SISTR software, and the drug resistance genes and virulence factors were also predicted with CARD and VFDB databases of Abricate software; Salmonella serotyping assay kit and serum agglutination method were used for serotype confirmation of some isolates with different genome prediction results. Results:The resistance rates to Nalidixic acid and Ampicillin were 62.5% (210/336) and 55.1% (185/336), respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to Tigecyclin, Cefoxitin and Carbapenem antimicrobial compounds; 207 isolates (61.6%, 207/336) were multi-drug resistant, some could even be resistant to ten categories of drugs at the same time, and the most common antimicrobial resistance spectrum was NAL-AMP-SAM. A total of 24 serotypes were detected with predominant serotypes of Enteritidis (34.5%, 116/336), Derby (17.3%, 58/336) and Indiana (10.4%, 35/336). A total of 27 ST types were detected, the dominant type was ST11; ST types were in good consistency with serotypes; The detection rates of resistant genes referred to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, sulfonamides and tetracyclines are more than 48%, and the first two reached 100%. The prediction of drug resistance genes was consistent with the results of antimicrobial resistance phenotype. A total of 122 virulence genes were predicted, 74 of which existing among all isolates.Conclusion:Salmonella in meat from the wholesale markets of Beijing has a high proportion of multiple drug resistance, a complex drug resistance spectrum, a variety of serotypes and ST types, and a high carrying rate of drug resistance gene and virulence gene; drug resistance phenotype and genotype are relatively consistent.

Objective:To investigate the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of seven invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) isolates. Methods:For 7 iNTS strains collected, serotype identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed. We identified, annotated and analyzed the serotypes, MLST types, and antimicrobial resistance genes.Results:Among the 7 tested iNTS isolates, we found one Salmonella Typhimurium strain and two Salmonella Ⅰ 4, [5], 12: i:- strains whose MLST types were ST34, two Salmonella Enteritidis strains, one Salmonella Corvallis strain and one strain of unknown serotype with the antigenic formulae of Ⅰ 4, [5], 12: d:- (ST279 type). Six of seven strains were monophasic and the deletion or pseudogenization of Salmonella Flagellum gene might contribute to the enhancement of Salmonella invasiveness. None was found to be resistant to tigarcycline, aztreonam, amikacin, cephalosporins and carbapenem and one Salmonella Typhimurium strain was found to be co-resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials at the same time. Resistance genes were generally in accord with relative resistant phenotypes. Conclusion:The iNTS strains could show high level multi-drug resistance, indicating that close attention should be paid to the resistance of iNTS though the overall resistance might be relatively not high.

Objective:To analyze the pollution characteristics and source of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Shenzhen and Taiyuan, two cities in the north and south of China. Methods:PM 2.5 samples were collected from the year of 2017 to 2018. The levels of 10 heavy metal elements (Pb, Al, As, etc.) , 10 water soluble ions (F -, Cl -, SO 42-, etc.) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Nap, Acy, Ace, etc.) in PM 2.5 were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) , ion Chromatography and high Performance Liquid Chromatography respectively. USA commercial carbon analysis was applied to detect organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) . Source of PM 2.5 was analyzed by Factor analysis method. Results:The concentrations of Pb, Mn, As, Ni, F -, OC and EC in PM 2.5 of Taiyuan city were significantly higher than those of Shenzhen City, and the concentrations of Na +, Cl -, and PO 43- were lower than those of Shenzhen City ( P<0.05) . Except naphthalene, the concentrations of PAHs in PM 2.5 of Taiyuan city were higher than those of Shenzhen City ( P<0.05) . The main sources of metal elements and water soluble ions in PM 2.5 in Shenzhen included: industry/vehicle exhaust factor (42.64%) , construction/soil factor (34.22%) and ocean factor (17.93%) . PAHs in PM 2.5 in Shenzhen mostly came from fuel oil/vehicle exhaust factor (38.58%) , coal combustion factor (30.78%) and biomass combustion factor (24.38%) . Differently, the main sources of metal elements and water soluble ions in PM 2.5 in Taiyuan included: construction factor (30.26%) , fuel oil and coal combustion factor (24.58%) , secondary particles/soil factor (22.03%) and industry factor (18.89%) . PAHs in PM 2.5 were from fuel oil/vehicle exhaust factor (54.71%) and coal combustion factor (43.54%) in Taiyuan. Conclusion:The sources of PM 2.5 pollution are different between Shenzhen and Taiyuan, the occupational health management must be continuously strengthened, measures should be strengthened contrapuntally on the basis of different pollution sources.

Objective:To analyze the pollution characteristics and source of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Shenzhen and Taiyuan, two cities in the north and south of China. Methods:PM 2.5 samples were collected from the year of 2017 to 2018. The levels of 10 heavy metal elements (Pb, Al, As, etc.) , 10 water soluble ions (F -, Cl -, SO 42-, etc.) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Nap, Acy, Ace, etc.) in PM 2.5 were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) , ion Chromatography and high Performance Liquid Chromatography respectively. USA commercial carbon analysis was applied to detect organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) . Source of PM 2.5 was analyzed by Factor analysis method. Results:The concentrations of Pb, Mn, As, Ni, F -, OC and EC in PM 2.5 of Taiyuan city were significantly higher than those of Shenzhen City, and the concentrations of Na +, Cl -, and PO 43- were lower than those of Shenzhen City ( P<0.05) . Except naphthalene, the concentrations of PAHs in PM 2.5 of Taiyuan city were higher than those of Shenzhen City ( P<0.05) . The main sources of metal elements and water soluble ions in PM 2.5 in Shenzhen included: industry/vehicle exhaust factor (42.64%) , construction/soil factor (34.22%) and ocean factor (17.93%) . PAHs in PM 2.5 in Shenzhen mostly came from fuel oil/vehicle exhaust factor (38.58%) , coal combustion factor (30.78%) and biomass combustion factor (24.38%) . Differently, the main sources of metal elements and water soluble ions in PM 2.5 in Taiyuan included: construction factor (30.26%) , fuel oil and coal combustion factor (24.58%) , secondary particles/soil factor (22.03%) and industry factor (18.89%) . PAHs in PM 2.5 were from fuel oil/vehicle exhaust factor (54.71%) and coal combustion factor (43.54%) in Taiyuan. Conclusion:The sources of PM 2.5 pollution are different between Shenzhen and Taiyuan, the occupational health management must be continuously strengthened, measures should be strengthened contrapuntally on the basis of different pollution sources.

The incidence of lung cancer in China ranks first and second among men and women respectively .Meanwhile, lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in malignant tumors in China .Surgical treatment is of great significance in impro-ving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, and the number of related clinical trials is increasing year by year.Through a retrospective review of clinical trials in the field of lung cancer and thoracic surgery on the Clinicaltrials .gov platform, this arti-cle finds that relevant clinical trials focus on treatment , perioperative management and basic research.Although the clinical tri-als in China started late, they have developed rapidly and the number of clinical trials ranked second.In addition, there are some shortcomings in the clinical trials of China in terms of trial design and research scope , and there is still a gap between Chinese and foreign trials.

Objective Evaluation of self-control suspension under the double hook system used to xiphoid thoracoscope fully the effect of thymectomy.Methods There were 17 cases of thymic adenoma diagnosed before surgery in November to December 2016,including 7 males and 10 females,aged(57 ± 10).The total thymomectomy was performed with a double hook method with a double hook procedure.Results All the 17 patients had smooth operation,and no clear hook related complications were observed after the operation.The operation was convenient and the thymus was completely removed.Conclusion It is worth populating that the double pull hook method is convenient and safe to remove the whole thymus gland.

Objective To assess the incidence and prognosis of the bronchial anastomosis complications following lung transplantation.Methods Between January 2003 and July 2016,all 81 cases after lung transplantation at Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University were retrospectively analyzed.We analyzed the incidence and prognosis of postoperative complications of bronchial anastomosis in lung transplant recipients.Results The overall incidence of bronchial anastomotic complications was 30.9％,including anastomotic infection (18.5 ％),anastomotic fistula (4.9 ％),stenosis (6.2 ％),and bronchomalacia (1.2 ％).One case died of infection,and 3 cases died of anastomotic fistula.Conclusion The main bronchial anastomosis complications occurred early,and the prognosis was acceptable.