AIM: To investigate the influence of pterygium thickness and area on corneal refractive status.METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study. A total of 60 cases(60 eyes)of pterygium patients admitted to our hospital from January 2024 to September 2024 were randomly selected. All patients underwent pterygium excision combined with pedicle conjunctival flap transplantation for treatment. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the preoperative thickness of patient's pterygium, and a digital slit lamp microscope was used to measure the area of pterygium. The corneal refractive status(degree of corneal astigmatism and average curvature)and changes in uncorrected visual acuity of patients before surgery, 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery were compared. The relationship between preoperative thickness and area of pterygium in patients and corneal refractive status indicators at different postoperative time points were analyzed, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of pterygium thickness and area on postoperative visual improvement in patients.RESULTS: All patients completed follow-up after surgery for 3 mo. At 3 mo after surgery, visual acuity improved in 21 eyes(35%). The results of bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that the thickness and area of pterygium positively correlated with the degree of corneal astigmatism and uncorrected visual acuity before surgery and 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the average corneal curvature before surgery and 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the thickness and area of pterygium before surgery, high degree of corneal astigmatism, and low uncorrected visual acuity(large LogMAR value)were all risk factors for poor postoperative visual improvement in patients(OR>1, P<0.05). The large average corneal curvature before surgery was a protective factor for poor postoperative visual improvement in patients(OR<1, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The increase in thickness and area of pterygium can, to some extent, improve corneal astigmatism, reduce the average curvature of the cornea, and affect postoperative visual recovery.

Objective : To investigate the expression and clinical significance of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) ，synovial tissue ，and fibroblastic-like synovial cells (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients． Methods : Peripheral blood samples from 25 healthy control ( HC) individuals and 25 patients diagnosed with RA were collected ，and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect KMO gene and protein expression in PBMC of RA and HC groups，and to analyze the correlation between the expression level of the KMO gene in the PBMC of the RA patients and the indexes of the laboratory tests．Meanwhile，immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect KMO expression in synovial tissue and FLS in RA and HC groups． Results : ① KMO gene and protein expression in PBMC of RA group were higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 001) ．② The level of KMO gene expression in PBMC of RA group was positively correlated with disease activity index 28 score，blood sedimentation，and rheumatoid factor (rs = 0. 417，P = 0. 038 ; r = 0. 545，P = 0. 005 ; rs = 0. 433，P = 0. 031) ， and had no correlation with C-reactive protein and anti-cyclic citrullinated polypeptide antibody．③ KMO expres- sion in synovial tissue of RA group was higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 01) ; KMO expression in FLS of synovial tissue of RA group was higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 001) ． Conclusion KMO expression increases in PBMC ，synovial tissue and FLS of RA patients，and the level of KMO gene expression is correlated with the disease activity of RA patients，suggesting that KMO may promote the course of RA．

Objective To propose a novel method based on three-dimensional depthwise separable convolution network(3D DSN)for the separation of PET images with dual tracers of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI.Methods A total of 120 pairs of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET images of the same patient scanned separately at different time points were collected,and the dual-tracer PET image was generated through simulation.After the image registration of PET images of two tracers for ensuring spatial position matching,the registered PET images were forward-projected to generate sinogram data,and the sinogram data of two tracers were accumulated to obtain mixed sinogram data.Subsequently,the dual-tracer PET image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximization and input into a 3D DSN based network for image separation,thereby obtaining PET images of two single tracers.Results Compared with 3D CNN method,the proposed method increased the structure similarity index measure(SSIM)of the separated 18F-FDG images to the real 18F-FDG images by 0.87%,increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)by 11.8%,and reduced the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)by 52%.The SSIM of the separated 18F-FAPI images to the real 18F-FAPI images increased by 1.1%,PSNR increased by 17.0%,and NRMSE decreased by 51%.Conclusion The proposed method can be effectively applied to simultaneous PET imaging with dual PET tracers,reducing the number of scans and costs in time and money,and providing clinical doctors more accurate and abundant diagnostic information.

Objective To propose a novel method based on three-dimensional depthwise separable convolution network(3D DSN)for the separation of PET images with dual tracers of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI.Methods A total of 120 pairs of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET images of the same patient scanned separately at different time points were collected,and the dual-tracer PET image was generated through simulation.After the image registration of PET images of two tracers for ensuring spatial position matching,the registered PET images were forward-projected to generate sinogram data,and the sinogram data of two tracers were accumulated to obtain mixed sinogram data.Subsequently,the dual-tracer PET image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximization and input into a 3D DSN based network for image separation,thereby obtaining PET images of two single tracers.Results Compared with 3D CNN method,the proposed method increased the structure similarity index measure(SSIM)of the separated 18F-FDG images to the real 18F-FDG images by 0.87%,increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)by 11.8%,and reduced the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)by 52%.The SSIM of the separated 18F-FAPI images to the real 18F-FAPI images increased by 1.1%,PSNR increased by 17.0%,and NRMSE decreased by 51%.Conclusion The proposed method can be effectively applied to simultaneous PET imaging with dual PET tracers,reducing the number of scans and costs in time and money,and providing clinical doctors more accurate and abundant diagnostic information.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the difference of surgical effect of exclusion,simple continuous suture and circular suture suspension in TAPP for the treatment of false hernia sac in patients with direct inguinal hernia.Method From May 2020 to May 2022,120 patients diagnosed with direct inguinal hernia and treated with TAPP in our hospital were retrospectively.The false hernia sacs were divided into three groups according to different methods of treatment patients treated with false hernia sac exclusion were included in group A,those treated with simple continuous suture were included in group B,and those treated with circular suture suspension were included in group C.There were 40 patients in each group.The perioperative indicators(operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization cost)and postoperative effects(chronic pain,seroma,incision or mesh infection,foreign body traction feeling)were compared among the three groups.Results All 120 patients successfully completed TAPP surgery.There was no significant difference in general condition,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,wound or mesh infection and chronic pain among the three groups(P＞0.05).The operation time of group B and C was longer than that of group A,and the incidence of seroma was significantly lower than that of group A,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of foreign body traction in group A and group C was lower than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The hospitalization cost of group B and group C was lower than that of group A,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion In clinical practice,direct hernia and false hernia sac often need to be treated.In direct hernia TAPP operation,simple continuous suture method and circular suture suspension method have the effect of improving the condition of the false hernia sac,but in terms of economy and postoperative effect,the circular suture suspension method can benefit patients more.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for safe use of risperidone in clinic. METHODS Data mining and analysis of risperidone-related adverse drug event （ADE） reports from the first quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2021 in the United States FAERS database were carried out using reported odds ratio and composite criteria methods from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. RESULTS There were 101 181 ADE reports with risperidone as the primary suspect drug，involving a total of 33 179 patients. Among those reports，the male-to-female ratio was about 6.21 to 1； most of them were ＜18 years old （15.01%）； ADE was mainly reported by consumers （69.74%） and mainly reported by the United States （79.72%）； oral dosage form was the most used，accounting for 83.71%. A total of 409 ADE signals were obtained，including male breast development， pseudogynecomastia，abnormal increase in body mass，hyperprolactinemia and Wellens syndrome，etc. Twenty-six systems and organs were involved，mainly including reproductive system and breast diseases，various injuries，poisoning and operational complications， mental diseases，metabolic and nutritional diseases，and various nervous system diseases，etc. CONCLUSIONS The common ADE signals of risperidone and the system involved are consistent with the instructions，but we should also be alert to the ADE not recorded in the instruction，such as Wellens syndrome，fibroproliferative endocarditis，cavernous degeneration of portal vein，rabbit syndrome，etc.

Objective To investigate the ocular hemodynamic characteristics before and after treatment of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods This study was a case-control study using a non-random sampling method.A total of 86 DR patients(86 eyes)and 43 healthy subjects who were diagnosed and treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from December 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the research objects.Among them,86 DR patients were set up as the observation group,and 43 healthy subjects were set up as the control group.The central retinal artery(CRA),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),and resistance in-dex(RI)were compared between the two groups.And according to the results of fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA)and macular opti-cal coherence tomography(OCT),the observation group was divided into PRP group[treated with panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)]and VEGF group[treated with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothlial growth factor(VEGF)],43 cases in each group.The curative effect was observed,the changes of PSV,EDV and RI before and after surgery were compared,and the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of PSV,EDV and RI for predicting curative effect were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve model.Results PSV and EDV in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,but RI was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).All patients in PRP group successfully completed PRP treatment,with a total effective rate of 88.37％;PSV and EDV at 1day and 1 week after operation were higher than those before operation,while RI was lower than before opera-tion(P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in PSV and EDV at 1week after operation compared with 1day after operation(P＞0.05),while RI was lower than that at 1day before operation(P＜0.05).All patients in VEGF group successfully completed intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF therapy,with a total effective rate of 86.04％;PSV and EDV at 1 day and 1 week after operation were higher than those before operation,while RI was lower than before operation(P＜0.05);PSV and EDV at 1 week were lower than those at 1day after operation,while the RI was higher than that at 1day before operation(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values of PSV,EDV and RI for predicting the efficacy of PRP in the treatment of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ DR were 0.879,0.831,0.894(P＜0.05),re-spectively;the AUC values of PSV,EDV and RI for predicting the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF in the treatment of stageⅣ DR were 0.860,0.881,0.831(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both PRP and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF have good curative effects in the treatment of stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ DR,which can effectively increase the PSV and EDV of the CRA and reduce the RI.And color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the changes of ocular hemodynamics in patients with DR before and after operation,which is bene-ficial to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of three mini-incision double eyelid blepharoplasty with concurrent reposition of orbital fat pad to correct sunken upper eyelids.Methods:The data of patients who underwent orbital fat reposition to correct upper eyelid depression during the period from January 2018 to April 2021 in the Medical Plastic and Cosmetic Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. During the operation, the central mass of orbital fat and its lateral extension were fully dissociated, and then transferred and fixed inward through three mini-incisions. Postoperative follow-up was performed to observe the improvement of the double eyelid shape and upper eyelid depression, and the patient satisfaction was recorded.Results:A total of 72 patients (140 eyes) were included in this study, including 1 male and 71 females, with an average age of 28 years (19-40 years old), 122 eyes with mild upper eyelid depression and 18 eyes with moderate upper eyelid depression before operation. Postoperative follow-up was 6-24 months, with an average of 11 months. The curvature of the double eyelid after operation was smooth and basically symmetrical. Among the 122 eyes with mild upper eyelid depression before operation, 118 eyes were completely corrected after operation, and 4 eyes were not improved. Of the 18 eyes, 3 eyes were completely corrected after operation, and 15 eyes still had mild upper lid depression. The overall satisfaction rate was 93.1% (67/72), the rate of double eyelid failure was 3.6% (5/140), and no other serious complications were found.Conclusions:Three mini-incision double eyelid blepharoplasty simultaneously with orbital fat reposition can effectively correct mild and moderate sunken upper eyelid deformity. The postoperative double eyelid shape is stable with high satisfaction rate.

The importance of structural variants(SVs)for human phenotypes and diseases is now recognized.Although a variety of SV detection platforms and strategies that vary in sensitivity and specificity have been developed,few benchmarking procedures are available to confidently assess their performances in biological and clinical research.To facilitate the validation and application of these SV detection approaches,we established an Asian reference material by characterizing the genome of an Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-immortalized B lymphocyte line along with identified benchmark regions and high-confidence SV calls.We established a high-confidence SV callset with 8938 SVs by integrating four alignment-based SV callers,including 109x Pacific Biosciences(PacBio)continuous long reads(CLRs),22 x PacBio circular consensus sequencing(CCS)reads,104x Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)long reads,and 114×Bionano optical mapping plat-form,and one de novo assembly-based SV caller using CCS reads.A total of 544 randomly selected SVs were validated by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing,demonstrating the robustness of our SV calls.Combining trio-binning-based haplotype assemblies,we established an SV benchmark for identifying false negatives and false positives by constructing the continuous high-confidence regions(CHCRs),which covered 1.46 gigabase pairs(Gb)and 6882 SVs supported by at least one diploid haplotype assembly.Establishing high-confidence SV calls for a benchmark sample that has been characterized by multiple technologies provides a valuable resource for investigating SVs in human biology,disease,and clinical research.