Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

Objective:To investigate the association between different socioeconomic status (SES) levels and the incidence of sensory impairment (SI) in the Chinese population.Methods:This study adopted a prospective cohort design, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected in July or August 2011. Participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up every 2-3 years until the onset of SI or the end of the follow-up period (August 2018). Based on educational attainment and annual per capita household expenditure, participants were classified into four SES groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high SES. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between different SES levels and the incidence of SI.Results:A total of 7 415 participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.9 years. A total of 3 644 cases of incident SI were recorded (49.1%). Compared with the high SES group, the risk of developing SI was progressively higher in the upper-middle SES group ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.03-1.96), lower-middle SES group ( OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.29-2.60), and low SES group ( OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.42-2.94) ( P for trend<0.001). Conclusions:SES is closely associated with new-onset SI. Enhancing SES may help reduce the risk of developing SI.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

Objective:To investigate the association between different socioeconomic status (SES) levels and the incidence of sensory impairment (SI) in the Chinese population.Methods:This study adopted a prospective cohort design, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected in July or August 2011. Participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up every 2-3 years until the onset of SI or the end of the follow-up period (August 2018). Based on educational attainment and annual per capita household expenditure, participants were classified into four SES groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high SES. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between different SES levels and the incidence of SI.Results:A total of 7 415 participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.9 years. A total of 3 644 cases of incident SI were recorded (49.1%). Compared with the high SES group, the risk of developing SI was progressively higher in the upper-middle SES group ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.03-1.96), lower-middle SES group ( OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.29-2.60), and low SES group ( OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.42-2.94) ( P for trend<0.001). Conclusions:SES is closely associated with new-onset SI. Enhancing SES may help reduce the risk of developing SI.

Objective:To explore the level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in preschool children in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Preschool students aged 3-5 in Beijing were selected from May to July 2017.Healthy children were screened through questionnaire survey and on-site physical examination, and their FeNO levels were detected.Results:A total of 317 healthy children were enrolled, including 161 males and 156 females.There was no significant difference in FeNO levels between different genders ( P>0.05). The geometric mean value of FeNO was 8.2 ppb in male(95% CI: 7.0-9.3 ppb)and 8.7 ppb in female (95% CI: 7.4-10.1 ppb). There were statistical differences in FeNO levels among the 3 age groups ( F=4.63, P<0.05). The geometric mean value of FeNO was 7.2 ppb in 3-year-old children (95% CI: 5.5-8.9 ppb), 8.8 ppb in 4-year-old children (95% CI: 7.4-10.2 ppb), and 9.2 ppb in 5-year-old children (95% CI: 7.7-10.7 ppb). The geometric mean value of FeNO of healthy preschool children was 8.5 ppb (95% CI: 7.6-9.3 ppb). There was a positive correlation between FeNO and height ( r=0.135, P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between FeNO and weight. Conclusions:The geometric mean value of FeNO in healthy preschool children in Beijing is 8.5 ppb (95% CI: 7.6-9.3 ppb)and the 95% reference value is 23.5 ppb.The level of FeNO changes slightly with the increase of age, and height also affects the FeNO.It is highly feasible to use on-line tidal breathing method to measure FeNO of preschool children.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and abdominal adipose tissue in adult males.Methods:A total of 1 374 healthy male examinees in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from June 2018 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The age ranged from 30 to 75 (50.9±0.30) years. Height, weight and waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Quantitative CT (QCT) was used to measure the mean BMD value of L1 and L2. The abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) at the level of L2 were measured as well. According to the BMD, the males were divided into three groups: normal group, osteopenic group and osteoporosis group. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the age, BMI, VFA and SFA among three groups. LSD- t test was used for multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between age, BMI, VFA, SFA and lumbar BMD. Results:Totally 807 healthy males were in normal group, 451 in osteopenic group and 116 in osteoporosis group. There were significant differences in age, BMI and VFA among normal group, osteopenic group and osteoporosis group ( F=237.939, 5.788, 4.919, P<0.001, 0.003, 0.007). Age and VFA was higher in osteopenic group compared with normal group, and BMI was lower in osteopenic group compared with normal group. Age was higher in osteoporosis group compared with normal group, and the BMI was lower in osteoporosis group compared with normal group. The age was higher in osteoporosis group compared with osteopenic group. The above differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Although there was no statistical difference in VFA and SFA between osteopenic group and osteoporosis group, the VFA and SFA was higher in osteopenic group compared with osteoporosis group. BMD of male lumbar spine was negatively correlated with age ( r=-0.542, P<0.001), VFA( r=-0.104, P<0.001), and positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.109, P<0.001). After controlling for age and BMI, BMD was still negatively correlated with VFA ( r=-0.129, P<0.05). Conclusions:Males with abdominal obesity is more likely to manifest as low bone mass. The lumbar BMD is possibly negatively correlated with visceral adipose tissue in male.

Objective To analyze the influence of liraglutide intervention combined percutanous coronary intervention(PCI) therapy on acute myocardial infarction( AMI) with type 2 diabetes( T2DM) patients'myocardial injury, ventricular remodeling( VR), and cardiac function. Methods Eighty patients with AMI and T2DM were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, each with 40 patients. The patients in the control group received metformin and conventional insulin combined PCI treatment, and the patients in the observation group received metformin and liraglutide combined PCI treatment. The changes in the values of ventricular remodeling indexes, cardiac function and serum related indexes were compared after 3 months treatment between the two groups. Results ( 1) The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group( P＜0.05), and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01). (2)The levels of N-terminal-pro-B- type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ), creatine kinase isoenzymes-MB ( CK-MB), and troponin I ( TnI) in the observation group 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). (3)The levels of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group 3 months after treatment( P＜0. 05). ( 4) The values of left ventricular end systolic diameter ( LVESD ), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness ( IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( LVPWT), left ventricular mass index ( LVMI), left ventricular end systolic volume ( LVESV), and left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the values of left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and mitral valve early diastolic blood flow rate (VE)/atrial systolic flow velocity ( VA), all were higher than those of the control group ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion Lraglutide intervention combined with PCI therapy on AMI with T2DM patients may reduce myocardial injury, induce ventricular remodeling, enhance cardiac function, and improve prognosis.

Aptamers are DNA or RNA fragments that can specifically bind to target substances.Because of the excellent properties such as strong binding force,high specificity,small physical size,chemical synthesis and modification,good biocompatibility,and low immunogenicity aptamers show wide application propects in biomedical researches.Aptamers can also bind specifically to receptors on the surface of cell membranes,and mediate the endocytosis of nanoparticles into cells,making them ideal drug targeting ligands.Organic nanomaterials have excellent application value in nanodrug delivery system because of their good biocompatibility and degradability.In this paper,the recent research progress of aptamers and organic nanomaterials drug delivery systems was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Yiqi, Bushen Fenjing combined with oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU on colorectal cancer.MethodsEighty patients with colorectal cancer who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were randomly divided into observation group(40cases) and control group (40cases).The control group was given oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU treatment, the observation group in the control group based on the application of Spleen Qi, Bushen fill essence treatment, observed before and after treatment of two groups of serum tumor markers, clinical symptoms and living conditions, changes, record adverse reactions.ResultsThe observation effect of 82.50% was significantly higher than that of the control group (62.50%).The QOL score (37.8±5.6) was significantly higher than that of the control group (33.5±3.1) and the adverse reaction rate was 30.00% (P<0.05).The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe effect of invigorating spleen qi and tonifying siren solution combined with oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU on colorectal cancer can improve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To investigate the association between serum sex hormone levels as well as body mass index and breast cancer in postmenopausal women .Methods We selected the cases of postmenopausal women who accepted surgical treatment for the first time which from March 2013 to December 2013 in the depart-ment of breast surgery the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University ,of which 118 cases of patients with breast cancer and 60 cases of benign breast lesions as control group .Meanwhile,information of body height and weight.were collected.Serum estradiol(E2),estrone(E1),testosterone(TSTO)and androstenedione(AED) concentrations were measured in 118 postmenopausal women with breast cancer patients and 60 matched control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),then the results were estimated.Results The levels of serum E2,E1,AED of breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The serum level of TSTO in cases group was higher than the control group ,but the results were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The levels of body mass index(BMI)were not statistically significant(P>0.05)between breast cancer group and the control group .The level of E1 in breast cancer group and levels of E 1,TSTO,AED in overall of overweight group were significantly higher in overweight (P<0.05),yet we have not found association between levels of hormone and BMI .Conclusion The level of serum sex hormones is higher with breast cancer in postmenopausal women ,while high serum levels of E2,E1,AED maybe associated with breast cancer in postm-enopausal women .Sex hormones are higher in postmenopausal women with high BMI .