Objective To study the mechanism by which acoustic wave stimulation improves cognitive function in sleep-deprived mice.Methods(1)Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups:the control group,model group and acoustic wave group(n=12 per group).A sleep deprivation model was established using the modified multiple platform method.After 21 days of sleep deprivation in a row,mice in the acoustic wave group were exposed to 30-minute acoustic wave stimulation at 40 dB.(2)During sleep deprivation,the health status of each group of mice was recorded,including the mental state and body weight.(3)After 21 days of sleep deprivation,behavioral tests(open field test,novel object recognition test,Y-maze and Morris water maze)were performed to assess the spontaneous activity,spatial exploration,and such cognitive functions as learning and memory in mice.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to analyze the expressions of neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba-1)in the hippocampus.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to measure the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in the hippocampus.(4)Transcriptome sequencing was employed to explore the mechanism underlying the improvement of cognitive impairment by acoustic wave stimulation.Results After 21 days of sleep deprivation,acoustic wave stimulation significantly alleviated weight loss in mice(P＜0.01).The accuracy of Y-maze spontaneous alternation,indexes of novel object discrimination,the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the mice crossed the platformin the Morris water maze were all significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the escape latency was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The average optical density of NeuN in the hippocampal CA3 region significantly increased(P＜0.05),GFAP and Iba-1 immunopositive cell counts significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and iNOS in the hippocampal tissue were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acoustic wave stimulation can repair neural damage,modulate hippocampal inflammatory responses,and improve cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of phantom-less quantitative computer tomography (PL-QCT) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods:From October 2021 to October 2023, a total of 1 248 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who did not receive anti-osteoporosis treatment in the Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 520 males and 728 females, aged 62.31±9.37 years (range, 40-87 years), height 1.66±0.08 m (range, 1.43-1.89 m), weight 69.04±8.27 kg (range, 49-93 kg). The mean body mass index was 26.11±3.67 kg/m 2 (range, 14.40-37.11 kg/m 2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PL-QCT were used to diagnose osteoporosis, and the detection rates of the two diagnostic methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis was drawn, the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results:Among 1 248 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, 626 (50.2%) were diagnosed as osteoporosis by PL-QCT, 423(33.9%) were diagnosed by spine DXA, 488(39.1%) were diagnosed by hip DXA and 539 patients(43.2%) were diagnosed by dual-site DXA. The detection rate of osteoporosis of PL-QCT was higher than that of spine DXA (χ 2=193.557, P<0.001), hip DXA (χ 2=322.201, P<0.001) and dual-site DXA (χ 2=94.683, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. Taking the diagnostic results of spinal DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 81%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.82(0.79, 0.85). Taking the diagnostic results of hip DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 55%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.75(0.71, 0.78). Taking the diagnostic results of two-site DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 75%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.81(0.78, 0.83). Conclusion:Compared with DXA, PL-QCT has a higher detection rate of osteoporosis in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease and good diagnostic efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of phantom-less quantitative computer tomography (PL-QCT) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods:From October 2021 to October 2023, a total of 1 248 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who did not receive anti-osteoporosis treatment in the Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 520 males and 728 females, aged 62.31±9.37 years (range, 40-87 years), height 1.66±0.08 m (range, 1.43-1.89 m), weight 69.04±8.27 kg (range, 49-93 kg). The mean body mass index was 26.11±3.67 kg/m 2 (range, 14.40-37.11 kg/m 2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PL-QCT were used to diagnose osteoporosis, and the detection rates of the two diagnostic methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis was drawn, the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results:Among 1 248 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, 626 (50.2%) were diagnosed as osteoporosis by PL-QCT, 423(33.9%) were diagnosed by spine DXA, 488(39.1%) were diagnosed by hip DXA and 539 patients(43.2%) were diagnosed by dual-site DXA. The detection rate of osteoporosis of PL-QCT was higher than that of spine DXA (χ 2=193.557, P<0.001), hip DXA (χ 2=322.201, P<0.001) and dual-site DXA (χ 2=94.683, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. Taking the diagnostic results of spinal DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 81%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.82(0.79, 0.85). Taking the diagnostic results of hip DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 55%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.75(0.71, 0.78). Taking the diagnostic results of two-site DXA for osteoporosis as a reference, the ROC curve of PL-QCT for the diagnosis of osteoporosis showed a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 75%, and an AUC and 95% CI of 0.81(0.78, 0.83). Conclusion:Compared with DXA, PL-QCT has a higher detection rate of osteoporosis in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease and good diagnostic efficacy.

Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of rural residents in the high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC), and to explore the clustering and influencing factors of risk factors associated with high-incidence characteristics. Methods A special structured questionnaire was applied to conduct a face-to-face survey on the dietary patterns of rural residents in Yanting county of Sichuan Province from July to August 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of risk factor clustering for EC. Results There were 838 valid questionnaires in this study. A total of 90.8% of rural residents used clean water such as tap water. In the past one year, the people who ate fruits and vegetables, soybean products, onions and garlic in high frequency accounted for 69.5%, 32.8% and 74.5%, respectively; the people who ate kimchi, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, barbecue, hot food and mildew food in low frequency accounted for 59.2%, 79.6%, 68.2%, 90.3%, 80.9% and 90.3%, respectively. The clustering of risk factors for EC was found in 73.3% of residents, and the aggregation of two risk factors was the most common mode (28.2%), among which tumor history and preserved food was the main clustering pattern (4.6%). The logistic regression model revealed that the gender, age, marital status and occupation were independent influencing factors for the risk factors clustering of EC (P<0.05). Conclusion A majority of rural residents in high-incidence areas of EC in Yanting county have good eating habits, but the clustering of some risk factors is still at a high level. Gender, age, marital status, and occupation are influencing factors of the risk factors clustering of EC.

Sleep disorders are characterized by abnormal amounts of sleep and unusual behavior during sleep.Long-term sleep disorders can lead to the disruption of normal social functioning or neurological conditions.In recent years,the role of sound wave therapy in improving sleep quality has attracted much attention.This article aims to review the research progress related to the role of sound wave therapy in enhancing sleep quality,cognitive function,and alleviating fatigue in patients with sleep disorders in hopes of contributing to clinical applications.

【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses and frequencies of oral Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). 【Methods】 The randomized,open clinical trial included 120 ED patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly divided into the following groups:on-schedule (25 mg/day),on-demand (50 mg,taken irregularly half an hour before each sexual life),new regular group (25 mg/day,50 mg more before each sexual life),regular group (100 mg/time,twice/week). All treatments lasted for 8 weeks. The follow-up indexes included the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5),Erection Hardness Scale (EHS) and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP2/3). The adverse reactions were recorded. 【Results】 The IIEF-5 scores of the four groups were significantly higher than those after baseline treatment (P<0.001),but there was no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05). In terms of effective rate,at the 16th week,there were significant differences between the on-demand group (10.7%) and new regular group (62.1%),and between the on-demand group (10.7%) and regular group (50.0%) (P<0.001). In terms of EHS, the percentage of grade 4 patients in regular group was significant higher than that in the on-demand group at the 8th week and 16th week (all P<0.05). In terms of positive rate of SEP-3,there was a significant difference between the on-demand group and regular group (P=0.042) at the 16th week. In the course of treatment,there were transient adverse reactions such as headache,blurred vision,stuffy nose and back pain,which did not affect the treatment. 【Conclusion】 All of the four treatment methods of oral sildenafil showed good efficacy. Both regular group and new regular group maintained good clinical efficacy during the follow-up,which is better than that of the on-demand group. The new regular scheme can be used as a new,safe and effective treatment option.

Objective To compare the differences in kinematic parameters and plantar pressures for two types of knee varus with tibial and femoral origins in gait analysis, so as to provide biomechanical theoretical basis for different types of genu varus. Methods Twenty-six patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) varus genu were enrolled, with 13 from femoral and 13 from tibial sources. Using Noraxon MyoMotion three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system and Footscan plantar pressure test system, the gait of the subjects during natural walking was measured, the temporal and spatial parameters of the gait, the kinematics parameters of lower limb joints and plantar pressures were collected, to make comparative analysis between the two groups. Results The range of knee flexion and extension of tibial varus, the peak of hip abduction, the range of motion (ROM) of hip adduction and abduction and the peak of ankle pronation were larger than those of femoral lateral genu varus. The peak of knee flexion and hip adduction was smaller than that of femoral lateral genu varus. Compared with femoral varus, subjects with tibial varus had increased stress time and peak pressure on the plantar of the 4th and 5th metatarsals (P<0.05). In the 3rd metatarsal region, the impulse of healthy femoral limb was greater than that of healthy limb with tibial deformity. While in the medial calcaneal region, the impulse of healthy femoral limb was smaller (P<0.05). Conclusions There are some differences in kinematic parameters and plantar pressures between two different types of unilateral genu varus patients. The results of this study are helpful to understand the abnormal gait caused by genu varus, and provide reliable reference for postoperative rehabilitation and limb exercise for different types of genu varus.

Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) facilitate the suppression of autoimmune responses by differentiating regulatory T cells (Treg). The dysfunction of immunotolerance results in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As multipotent progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can regulate dendritic cells (DCs) to restore their immunosuppressive function and prevent disease development. However, the underlying mechanisms of MSCs in regulating DCs still need to be better defined. Simultaneously, the delivery system for MSCs also influences their function. Herein, MSCs are encapsulated in alginate hydrogel to improve cell survival and retention in situ, maximizing efficacy in vivo. The three-dimensional co-culture of encapsulated MSCs with DCs demonstrates that MSCs can inhibit the maturation of DCs and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model, alginate hydrogel encapsulated MSCs induce a significantly higher expression of CD39⁺CD73⁺ on MSCs. These enzymes hydrolyze ATP to adenosine and activate A_2A/2B receptors on immature DCs, further promoting the phenotypic transformation of DCs to tolDCs and regulating naïve T cells to Tregs. Therefore, encapsulated MSCs obviously alleviate the inflammatory response and prevent CIA progression. This finding clarifies the mechanism of MSCs-DCs crosstalk in eliciting the immunosuppression effect and provides insights into hydrogel-promoted stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases.

Objective:To identify a strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient and to investigate its biological characteristics.Methods:The strain was analyzed by several methods including Gram staining, biochemical identification, 16S rRNA and recN gene sequencing, average nucleotide identity (ANI), antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance and virulence genes. Results:The strain was Gram-positive cocci and formed α-hemolytic colonies on the blood plate. It was identified as Streptococcus parasuis by 16S rRNA, recN gene and whole-genome sequencing. It was sensitive to multiple antibiotics and carried the genes encoding a variety of virulence factors such as adhesion. Conclusions:Streptococcus parasuis could cause human infection and be identified by whole-genome sequencing.

Objective:To explore the effects of pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode on intraoperative pulmonary ventilation and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:Sixty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification Ⅱor Ⅲ, aged 65-80 years old, with body mass index (BMI) 18-30 kg/m 2, received thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia from November 2021 to June 2022 in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were recruited. The patients were divided into PCV-VG and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) groups using the randomized number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The ventilatory parameters of two-lung ventilation were set to respiratory rate (RR) at 10-12 breaths/min, with a tidal volume (VT) of 8 ml/kg (ideal body weight). The ventilatory parameters of one-lung ventilation (OLV) were set at 12-16 breaths/min, with a VT of 6 ml/kg (IBW). The peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau airway pressure (Pplat), driving pressure (ΔP), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) were obtained at 1 min before OLV (T 0), 30 min after OLV (T 1) and 60 min after OLV (T 2). The incidence and severity of PPC, chest tube duration time and postoperative hospital stay time were recorded. Results:The Ppeak, Pplat and ΔP were higher and Cdyn was lower in both groups at T 1-T 2 than at T 0 (all P<0.001). The Ppeak, Pplat and ΔP were higher and Cdyn was lower in PCV-VG group than in VCV group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in HR, MAP, ETCO 2, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the incidence of PPC [43.3% (13/30) vs. 30.0% (9/30)] and chest tube duration time [(4.4±0.9) d vs. (4.2±1.2) d] between VCV group and PCV-VG group (all P>0.05). Compared with VCV group, the proportion of patients with ≥grade 2 PPC was lower in PCV-VG group [10.0% (3/30) vs. 36.7% (11/30), χ2=5.96, P<0.05]. The postoperative hospital stay time in PCV-VG group was shorter than that in VCV group [(6.4±1.3) d vs. (8.0±1.9) d, t = 4.85, P<0.05]. Conclusions:PCV-VG mode can effectively reduce the severity of PPC, shorten the postoperative hospital stay time and improve the prognosis in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.